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Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy
Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency De...
Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105239
ISBN  
9798291568392
DDC  
614
저자명  
Zochowski, Melissa K.
서명/저자  
Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
178 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Dalton, Vanessa K.;Moyer, Cheryl A.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The United States faces a persistent maternal health crisis, with the highest maternal mortality rate among high-income nations and worsening disparities by race, geography, and socioeconomic status. As maternity care deserts expand and access to routine prenatal and labor and delivery services decline, emergency departments (EDs) have become an increasingly vital, yet understudied, component of maternal health infrastructure. This dissertation, Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy, investigates the characteristics, timeliness, and quality of emergency care delivered to pregnant individuals across the nation.Using pooled data from the 2016-2019 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, examining patient visits to the ED with a focus on visits that took place during pregnancy. Pregnancy status was determined by using patient-reported reasons for visit and physician-reported diagnosis codes. Survey-weighted methods were applied to ensure national representativeness and account for complex sampling design. Three interrelated aims guided the research: (1) to characterize patient visits in the ED by pregnancy status, (2) to evaluate the impact of pregnancy and other factors on delayed clinical assessment, and (3) to examine factors related to the receipt of physician consults during ED visits, including pregnancy status and presenting complaint.Findings showed that 9% of all ED visits during the study period occurred during pregnancy, representing approximately 3.2 million visits annually. Compared to non-pregnant visits, those during pregnancy were more likely to involve younger, non-White, Medicaid-insured individuals residing in the South. Ultrasound use, specialty consultation, and observation unit discharge were more common during pregnancy, while mental health care was less likely.Despite increased clinical needs compared to the general population, pregnancy was independently associated with a 28% higher likelihood of delayed assessment, defined as waiting longer than triage benchmarks for initial provider evaluation (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.05-1.57). Among all patient visits, nearly one-third of patient visits experienced delays. Additional factors associated with delay included payer type, geographic region, and urban-rural classification. These findings highlight structural and systemic barriers to timely care, even within high-acuity settings.Finally, analysis of specialty consults revealed that 7.3% of ED visits by reproductive-aged women involved a physician consultation. Pregnancy was associated with 70% greater odds of receiving a consult (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.17-2.45), yet overall consult rates of approximately 10% were low. Additionally, hospital admission, observation unit use, and ultrasound receipt were strongly related to the receipt of a consult. Stratified models demonstrated that consults during pregnancy were most common in visits for abdominal pain, pregnancy complications, and unconfirmed pregnancy. For visits not during pregnancy, psychiatric complaints were strongly associated with consult receipt. Disparities persisted by race/ethnicity and region, with Hispanic patients more likely and Southern EDs less likely to deliver consults.Together, these findings offer a critical examination of the ED's role in maternal health service delivery. As the ED functions as a de facto maternity care site for many, especially in underserved regions, improving access to timely and specialized care in this setting is essential to advancing equitable maternal health outcomes.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Health sciences
일반주제명  
Womens studies
키워드  
Maternal health
키워드  
Maternity deserts
키워드  
Healthcare infrastructure
키워드  
Learning health systems
키워드  
Emergency departments
키워드  
Healthcare system access
기타저자  
University of Michigan Hlth Infrastr & Lrng Systs PhD
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aZochowski,  Melissa  K.
■24510▼aMaternal  Health  Infrastructure  in  the  United  States:  Understanding  Use  of  the  Emergency  Department  During  Pregnancy
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a178  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Dalton,  Vanessa  K.;Moyer,  Cheryl  A.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  United  States  faces  a  persistent  maternal  health  crisis,  with  the  highest  maternal  mortality  rate  among  high-income  nations  and  worsening  disparities  by  race,  geography,  and  socioeconomic  status.  As  maternity  care  deserts  expand  and  access  to  routine  prenatal  and  labor  and  delivery  services  decline,  emergency  departments  (EDs)  have  become  an  increasingly  vital,  yet  understudied,  component  of  maternal  health  infrastructure.  This  dissertation,  Maternal  Health  Infrastructure  in  the  United  States:  Understanding  Use  of  the  Emergency  Department  During  Pregnancy,  investigates  the  characteristics,  timeliness,  and  quality  of  emergency  care  delivered  to  pregnant  individuals  across  the  nation.Using  pooled  data  from  the  2016-2019  National  Hospital  Ambulatory  Medical  Care  Survey  (NHAMCS),  a  retrospective  cross-sectional  analysis  was  conducted,  examining  patient  visits  to  the  ED  with  a  focus  on  visits  that  took  place  during  pregnancy.  Pregnancy  status  was  determined  by  using  patient-reported  reasons  for  visit  and  physician-reported  diagnosis  codes.  Survey-weighted  methods  were  applied  to  ensure  national  representativeness  and  account  for  complex  sampling  design.  Three  interrelated  aims  guided  the  research:  (1)  to  characterize  patient  visits  in  the  ED  by  pregnancy  status,  (2)  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  pregnancy  and  other  factors  on  delayed  clinical  assessment,  and  (3)  to  examine  factors  related  to  the  receipt  of  physician  consults  during  ED  visits,  including  pregnancy  status  and  presenting  complaint.Findings  showed  that  9%  of  all  ED  visits  during  the  study  period  occurred  during  pregnancy,  representing  approximately  3.2  million  visits  annually.  Compared  to  non-pregnant  visits,  those  during  pregnancy  were  more  likely  to  involve  younger,  non-White,  Medicaid-insured  individuals  residing  in  the  South.  Ultrasound  use,  specialty  consultation,  and  observation  unit  discharge  were  more  common  during  pregnancy,  while  mental  health  care  was  less  likely.Despite  increased  clinical  needs  compared  to  the  general  population,  pregnancy  was  independently  associated  with  a  28%  higher  likelihood  of  delayed  assessment,  defined  as  waiting  longer  than  triage  benchmarks  for  initial  provider  evaluation  (OR  =  1.28;  95%  CI:  1.05-1.57).  Among  all  patient  visits,  nearly  one-third  of  patient  visits  experienced  delays.  Additional  factors  associated  with  delay  included  payer  type,  geographic  region,  and  urban-rural  classification.  These  findings  highlight  structural  and  systemic  barriers  to  timely  care,  even  within  high-acuity  settings.Finally,  analysis  of  specialty  consults  revealed  that  7.3%  of  ED  visits  by  reproductive-aged  women  involved  a  physician  consultation.  Pregnancy  was  associated  with  70%  greater  odds  of  receiving  a  consult  (OR  =  1.70,  95%  CI:  1.17-2.45),  yet  overall  consult  rates  of  approximately  10%  were  low.  Additionally,  hospital  admission,  observation  unit  use,  and  ultrasound  receipt  were  strongly  related  to  the  receipt  of  a  consult.  Stratified  models  demonstrated  that  consults  during  pregnancy  were  most  common  in  visits  for  abdominal  pain,  pregnancy  complications,  and  unconfirmed  pregnancy.  For  visits  not  during  pregnancy,  psychiatric  complaints  were  strongly  associated  with  consult  receipt.  Disparities  persisted  by  race/ethnicity  and  region,  with  Hispanic  patients  more  likely  and  Southern  EDs  less  likely  to  deliver  consults.Together,  these  findings  offer  a  critical  examination  of  the  ED's  role  in  maternal  health  service  delivery.  As  the  ED  functions  as  a  de  facto  maternity  care  site  for  many,  especially  in  underserved  regions,  improving  access  to  timely  and  specialized  care  in  this  setting  is  essential  to  advancing  equitable  maternal  health  outcomes.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■650  4▼aWomens  studies
■653    ▼aMaternal  health
■653    ▼aMaternity  deserts
■653    ▼aHealthcare  infrastructure
■653    ▼aLearning  health  systems
■653    ▼aEmergency  departments
■653    ▼aHealthcare  system  access
■690    ▼a0566
■690    ▼a0453
■690    ▼a0573
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bHlth  Infrastr  &  Lrng  Systs  PhD.
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■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359941▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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