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Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy
Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105239
- ISBN
- 9798291568392
- DDC
- 614
- 서명/저자
- Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 178 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Dalton, Vanessa K.;Moyer, Cheryl A.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The United States faces a persistent maternal health crisis, with the highest maternal mortality rate among high-income nations and worsening disparities by race, geography, and socioeconomic status. As maternity care deserts expand and access to routine prenatal and labor and delivery services decline, emergency departments (EDs) have become an increasingly vital, yet understudied, component of maternal health infrastructure. This dissertation, Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy, investigates the characteristics, timeliness, and quality of emergency care delivered to pregnant individuals across the nation.Using pooled data from the 2016-2019 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, examining patient visits to the ED with a focus on visits that took place during pregnancy. Pregnancy status was determined by using patient-reported reasons for visit and physician-reported diagnosis codes. Survey-weighted methods were applied to ensure national representativeness and account for complex sampling design. Three interrelated aims guided the research: (1) to characterize patient visits in the ED by pregnancy status, (2) to evaluate the impact of pregnancy and other factors on delayed clinical assessment, and (3) to examine factors related to the receipt of physician consults during ED visits, including pregnancy status and presenting complaint.Findings showed that 9% of all ED visits during the study period occurred during pregnancy, representing approximately 3.2 million visits annually. Compared to non-pregnant visits, those during pregnancy were more likely to involve younger, non-White, Medicaid-insured individuals residing in the South. Ultrasound use, specialty consultation, and observation unit discharge were more common during pregnancy, while mental health care was less likely.Despite increased clinical needs compared to the general population, pregnancy was independently associated with a 28% higher likelihood of delayed assessment, defined as waiting longer than triage benchmarks for initial provider evaluation (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.05-1.57). Among all patient visits, nearly one-third of patient visits experienced delays. Additional factors associated with delay included payer type, geographic region, and urban-rural classification. These findings highlight structural and systemic barriers to timely care, even within high-acuity settings.Finally, analysis of specialty consults revealed that 7.3% of ED visits by reproductive-aged women involved a physician consultation. Pregnancy was associated with 70% greater odds of receiving a consult (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.17-2.45), yet overall consult rates of approximately 10% were low. Additionally, hospital admission, observation unit use, and ultrasound receipt were strongly related to the receipt of a consult. Stratified models demonstrated that consults during pregnancy were most common in visits for abdominal pain, pregnancy complications, and unconfirmed pregnancy. For visits not during pregnancy, psychiatric complaints were strongly associated with consult receipt. Disparities persisted by race/ethnicity and region, with Hispanic patients more likely and Southern EDs less likely to deliver consults.Together, these findings offer a critical examination of the ED's role in maternal health service delivery. As the ED functions as a de facto maternity care site for many, especially in underserved regions, improving access to timely and specialized care in this setting is essential to advancing equitable maternal health outcomes.
- 일반주제명
- Public health
- 일반주제명
- Health sciences
- 일반주제명
- Womens studies
- 키워드
- Maternal health
- 기타저자
- University of Michigan Hlth Infrastr & Lrng Systs PhD
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202105239
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■020 ▼a9798291568392
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32271979
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)umichrackham006415
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a614
■1001 ▼aZochowski, Melissa K.
■24510▼aMaternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of Michigan▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a178 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Dalton, Vanessa K.;Moyer, Cheryl A.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
■520 ▼aThe United States faces a persistent maternal health crisis, with the highest maternal mortality rate among high-income nations and worsening disparities by race, geography, and socioeconomic status. As maternity care deserts expand and access to routine prenatal and labor and delivery services decline, emergency departments (EDs) have become an increasingly vital, yet understudied, component of maternal health infrastructure. This dissertation, Maternal Health Infrastructure in the United States: Understanding Use of the Emergency Department During Pregnancy, investigates the characteristics, timeliness, and quality of emergency care delivered to pregnant individuals across the nation.Using pooled data from the 2016-2019 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted, examining patient visits to the ED with a focus on visits that took place during pregnancy. Pregnancy status was determined by using patient-reported reasons for visit and physician-reported diagnosis codes. Survey-weighted methods were applied to ensure national representativeness and account for complex sampling design. Three interrelated aims guided the research: (1) to characterize patient visits in the ED by pregnancy status, (2) to evaluate the impact of pregnancy and other factors on delayed clinical assessment, and (3) to examine factors related to the receipt of physician consults during ED visits, including pregnancy status and presenting complaint.Findings showed that 9% of all ED visits during the study period occurred during pregnancy, representing approximately 3.2 million visits annually. Compared to non-pregnant visits, those during pregnancy were more likely to involve younger, non-White, Medicaid-insured individuals residing in the South. Ultrasound use, specialty consultation, and observation unit discharge were more common during pregnancy, while mental health care was less likely.Despite increased clinical needs compared to the general population, pregnancy was independently associated with a 28% higher likelihood of delayed assessment, defined as waiting longer than triage benchmarks for initial provider evaluation (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.05-1.57). Among all patient visits, nearly one-third of patient visits experienced delays. Additional factors associated with delay included payer type, geographic region, and urban-rural classification. These findings highlight structural and systemic barriers to timely care, even within high-acuity settings.Finally, analysis of specialty consults revealed that 7.3% of ED visits by reproductive-aged women involved a physician consultation. Pregnancy was associated with 70% greater odds of receiving a consult (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.17-2.45), yet overall consult rates of approximately 10% were low. Additionally, hospital admission, observation unit use, and ultrasound receipt were strongly related to the receipt of a consult. Stratified models demonstrated that consults during pregnancy were most common in visits for abdominal pain, pregnancy complications, and unconfirmed pregnancy. For visits not during pregnancy, psychiatric complaints were strongly associated with consult receipt. Disparities persisted by race/ethnicity and region, with Hispanic patients more likely and Southern EDs less likely to deliver consults.Together, these findings offer a critical examination of the ED's role in maternal health service delivery. As the ED functions as a de facto maternity care site for many, especially in underserved regions, improving access to timely and specialized care in this setting is essential to advancing equitable maternal health outcomes.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0127.
■650 4▼aPublic health
■650 4▼aHealth sciences
■650 4▼aWomens studies
■653 ▼aMaternal health
■653 ▼aMaternity deserts
■653 ▼aHealthcare infrastructure
■653 ▼aLearning health systems
■653 ▼aEmergency departments
■653 ▼aHealthcare system access
■690 ▼a0566
■690 ▼a0453
■690 ▼a0573
■71020▼aUniversity of Michigan▼bHlth Infrastr & Lrng Systs PhD.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-03B.
■790 ▼a0127
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359941▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


