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Applications and Optical Characterization of Plasma Chemical Processes
Applications and Optical Characterization of Plasma Chemical Processes  / Charan Reddy Nal...
Applications and Optical Characterization of Plasma Chemical Processes

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260311091538.5
ISBN  
9798270231958
DDC  
541
저자명  
Nallapareddy, Charan Reddy
서명/저자  
Applications and Optical Characterization of Plasma Chemical Processes / Charan Reddy Nallapareddy
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Texas at Austin, 2025
형태사항  
1 electronic resource (229 pages)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-06, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisors: Underwood, Thomas C. Committee members: Mullins, Charles B.; Clemens, Noel; Raja, Laxminarayan L.
학위논문주기  
- Ph.D. : The University of Texas at Austin, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Reactive plasmas, with their unique non-equilibrium energy distribution, offer transformative potential for chemical processes-from converting greenhouse gases into fuels to enabling energy-efficient synthesis of critical chemicals. However, their complexity, arising from multiscale interactions between electromagnetic fields, charged particles, and neutrals, demands advanced diagnostic tools and tailored excitation schemes to unlock their full potential. This thesis develops and applies novel optical diagnostics to probe reactive plasmas at fundamental timescales while designing excitation strategies to optimize chemical conversion. The vision is twofold: (1) resolve the multiscale physics governing plasma-chemical processes, and (2) leverage this understanding to overcome longstanding limitations in industrial chemistry, such as the selectivity-conversion tradeoff in methane-to-methanol conversion. By bridging plasma physics and chemical engineering, this work aims to advance scalable, electrified pathways for sustainable fuel and chemical production.This research integrates experimental diagnostics, kinetic modeling, and reactor design to dissect the interplay between plasma properties and chemical outcomes. A central theme is the development of supercontinuum-enhanced terahertz spectroscopy (SETS) , a single-shot diagnostic tool capable of resolving electron density and collision dynamics in reactive plasmas with sub-nanosecond resolution. Concurrently, the thesis explores vibrational excitation pathways in methane oxidation, employing nanosecond-pulsed plasmas to selectively activate reactants while suppressing undesired byproducts. The approach combines first-principles analysis of electron energy distributions, time-resolved optical spectroscopy, and reactor-scale kinetic modeling to link microscale plasma physics to macroscale chemical yields.Central to the study are the physics of non-equilibrium plasmas, including vibrational-translational relaxation dynamics, electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs), plasma bistability, and timescale decoupling. These insights reveal how controlled energy deposition into specific molecular modes (e.g., methane's vibrational states) bypasses thermodynamic limitations of thermal processes. Applications demonstrate breaking the selectivity-conversion limit in methane-to-methanol synthesis, achieving a record 21.4% yield at near-ambient conditions-a 200% improvement over existing methods. Additionally, a standardized efficiency framework is proposed to unify performance metrics across plasma processes (e.g., CO2 splitting, ammonia synthesis), addressing inconsistencies in literature. SETS enables real-time monitoring of electron density (1016-1017 m-3 ) and collision frequencies in industrial reactors, critical for optimization.This thesis is divided into five chapters, each addressing the probing or application of reactive plasmas:1. Chapter 1: Tailoring Vibrational Excitation Pathways for High-Yield Oxidation of Methane to MethanolDevelops a nanosecond-pulsed plasma reactor to vibrationally excite methane, minimizing radical-mediated byproducts. Active methanol removal via cold traps achieves scalable yields. By operating at low reduced electric fields (~10 Td), methane is activated via vibrational modes (ν2, ν4) rather than dissociation, minimizing radical-mediated byproducts. Active removal of methanol via a cold-water trap breaks the selectivity-conversion limit, achieving 21.4% yield-the highest reported for single-step plasma-driven processes. Kinetic models and OES validate the dominance of methoxy radical (CH₃O) pathways over methyl radical (CH₃) cascades.2. Chapter 2: What is "Efficiency" in Plasma Chemical Processes?Proposed a standardized efficiency framework to address inconsistent reporting in plasma chemistry. Three metrics-Conversion efficiency, production efficiency, and faradaic efficiency-are defined for endothermic, exothermic, and electrochemical processes. The framework is applied to benchmark CO₂ splitting, methane reforming, and ammonia synthesis, revealing critical tradeoffs between energy input and selectivity.3. Chapter 3: Characterization and Control of Signal Distortion in Chirped Pulse Single-Shot DetectionIntroduces measurement principles of ultrafast diagnostics like terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system. A distortion factor (β) quantifies signal fidelity in single-shot measurements, showing that supercontinuum probes (β 1) outperform chirped pulses (β 1) in temporal-Fraunhofer regimes. The technique resolves plasma electron densities with ±5% uncertainty, enabling real-time monitoring of transient discharges.4. Chapter 4: Quantitative Single-Shot Supercontinuum-Enhanced Terahertz Spectroscopy (SETS)Introduces SETS for quantitative plasma diagnostics, demonstrating its ability to extract collision frequencies (νₑₙ ~1012 s-1 ) and electron densities (nₑ ~1017 m-3 ) in inductively coupled plasmas. The system's broad bandwidth (Δω 4 THz) captures rotational transitions of H2O and OH radicals, enabling in situ speciation of reactive intermediates.5. Chapter 5: probing hysteresis and bifurcation dynamics in RF plasmasExplores bistability in reactive plasmas, linking mode transitions (E→H→E) to electron density thresholds. SETS captures sub-millisecond transients during bistable switching, revealing the role of metastable argon in sustaining discharge modes. A global power-balance model predicts hysteresis boundaries, validated experimentally across pressure (100-1000 mTorr) and power (10-200 W) ranges.
언어주기  
English
일반주제명  
Electromagnetics
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
일반주제명  
Plasma physics
키워드  
Reactive plasmas
키워드  
Optical diagnostics
키워드  
Collision dynamics
키워드  
Energy deposition
키워드  
Plasma chemistry
기타저자  
The University of Texas at Austin Aerospace Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-06B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aNallapareddy,  Charan  Reddy▼eauthor.
■24510▼aApplications  and  Optical  Characterization  of  Plasma  Chemical  Processes  ▼cCharan  Reddy  Nallapareddy
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Texas  at  Austin▼c2025
■264  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a1  electronic  resource  (229  pages)
■336    ▼atext▼btxt▼2rdacontent
■337    ▼acomputer▼bc▼2rdamedia
■338    ▼aonline  resource▼bcr▼2rdacarrier
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-06,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisors:  Underwood,  Thomas  C.    Committee  members:  Mullins,  Charles  B.;  Clemens,  Noel;  Raja,  Laxminarayan  L.
■5021  ▼bPh.D.▼cThe  University  of  Texas  at  Austin▼d2025.
■520    ▼aReactive  plasmas,  with  their  unique  non-equilibrium  energy  distribution,  offer  transformative  potential  for  chemical  processes-from  converting  greenhouse  gases  into  fuels  to  enabling  energy-efficient  synthesis  of  critical  chemicals.  However,  their  complexity,  arising  from  multiscale  interactions  between  electromagnetic  fields,  charged  particles,  and  neutrals,  demands  advanced  diagnostic  tools  and  tailored  excitation  schemes  to  unlock  their  full  potential.  This  thesis  develops  and  applies  novel  optical  diagnostics  to  probe  reactive  plasmas  at  fundamental  timescales  while  designing  excitation  strategies  to  optimize  chemical  conversion.  The  vision  is  twofold:  (1)  resolve  the  multiscale  physics  governing  plasma-chemical  processes,  and  (2)  leverage  this  understanding  to  overcome  longstanding  limitations  in  industrial  chemistry,  such  as  the  selectivity-conversion  tradeoff  in  methane-to-methanol  conversion.  By  bridging  plasma  physics  and  chemical  engineering,  this  work  aims  to  advance  scalable,  electrified  pathways  for  sustainable  fuel  and  chemical  production.This  research  integrates  experimental  diagnostics,  kinetic  modeling,  and  reactor  design  to  dissect  the  interplay  between  plasma  properties  and  chemical  outcomes.  A  central  theme  is  the  development  of  supercontinuum-enhanced  terahertz  spectroscopy  (SETS)  ,  a  single-shot  diagnostic  tool  capable  of  resolving  electron  density  and  collision  dynamics  in reactive  plasmas  with  sub-nanosecond  resolution.  Concurrently,  the  thesis  explores  vibrational  excitation  pathways  in  methane  oxidation,  employing  nanosecond-pulsed  plasmas  to  selectively  activate  reactants  while  suppressing  undesired  byproducts.  The  approach  combines  first-principles  analysis  of  electron  energy  distributions,  time-resolved  optical  spectroscopy,  and  reactor-scale  kinetic  modeling  to  link  microscale  plasma  physics  to  macroscale  chemical  yields.Central  to  the  study  are  the  physics  of  non-equilibrium  plasmas,  including  vibrational-translational  relaxation  dynamics,  electron  energy  distribution  functions  (EEDFs),  plasma  bistability,  and  timescale  decoupling.  These  insights  reveal  how  controlled  energy  deposition  into  specific  molecular  modes  (e.g.,  methane's  vibrational  states)  bypasses  thermodynamic  limitations  of  thermal  processes.  Applications  demonstrate  breaking  the  selectivity-conversion  limit  in  methane-to-methanol  synthesis,  achieving  a  record  21.4%  yield  at  near-ambient  conditions-a  200%  improvement  over  existing  methods.  Additionally,  a  standardized  efficiency  framework  is  proposed  to  unify  performance  metrics  across  plasma  processes  (e.g.,  CO2  splitting,  ammonia  synthesis),  addressing  inconsistencies  in  literature.  SETS  enables  real-time  monitoring  of  electron  density  (1016-1017  m-3  )  and  collision  frequencies  in  industrial  reactors,  critical  for  optimization.This  thesis  is  divided  into  five  chapters,  each  addressing  the  probing  or  application  of  reactive  plasmas:1.  Chapter  1:  Tailoring  Vibrational  Excitation  Pathways  for  High-Yield  Oxidation  of  Methane  to  MethanolDevelops  a  nanosecond-pulsed  plasma  reactor  to  vibrationally  excite  methane,  minimizing  radical-mediated  byproducts.  Active  methanol  removal  via  cold  traps  achieves  scalable  yields.  By  operating  at  low  reduced  electric  fields  (~10  Td),  methane  is  activated  via  vibrational  modes  (ν2,  ν4)  rather  than  dissociation,  minimizing  radical-mediated  byproducts.  Active  removal  of  methanol  via  a  cold-water  trap  breaks  the  selectivity-conversion  limit,  achieving  21.4%  yield-the  highest  reported  for  single-step  plasma-driven  processes.  Kinetic  models  and  OES validate  the  dominance  of  methoxy  radical  (CH₃O)  pathways  over  methyl  radical  (CH₃)  cascades.2.  Chapter  2:  What  is  "Efficiency"  in  Plasma  Chemical  Processes?Proposed  a  standardized  efficiency  framework  to  address  inconsistent  reporting  in  plasma  chemistry.  Three  metrics-Conversion  efficiency,  production  efficiency,  and  faradaic  efficiency-are  defined  for  endothermic,  exothermic,  and  electrochemical  processes.  The  framework  is  applied  to  benchmark  CO₂  splitting,  methane  reforming,  and  ammonia  synthesis,  revealing  critical  tradeoffs  between  energy  input  and  selectivity.3.  Chapter  3:  Characterization  and  Control  of  Signal  Distortion  in  Chirped  Pulse  Single-Shot  DetectionIntroduces  measurement  principles  of  ultrafast  diagnostics  like  terahertz  time-domain  spectroscopy  (THz-TDS)  system.  A  distortion  factor  (β)  quantifies  signal  fidelity  in  single-shot  measurements,  showing  that  supercontinuum  probes  (β    1)  outperform  chirped  pulses  (β    1)  in  temporal-Fraunhofer  regimes.  The  technique  resolves  plasma  electron  densities  with  ±5%  uncertainty,  enabling  real-time  monitoring  of  transient  discharges.4.  Chapter  4:  Quantitative  Single-Shot  Supercontinuum-Enhanced  Terahertz  Spectroscopy  (SETS)Introduces  SETS  for  quantitative  plasma  diagnostics,  demonstrating  its  ability  to  extract  collision  frequencies  (νₑₙ  ~1012  s-1  )  and  electron  densities  (nₑ  ~1017  m-3  )  in  inductively  coupled  plasmas.  The  system's  broad  bandwidth  (Δω    4  THz)  captures  rotational  transitions  of  H2O  and  OH  radicals,  enabling  in  situ  speciation  of  reactive  intermediates.5.  Chapter  5:  probing  hysteresis  and  bifurcation  dynamics  in  RF  plasmasExplores  bistability  in  reactive  plasmas,  linking  mode  transitions  (E→H→E)  to  electron  density  thresholds.  SETS  captures  sub-millisecond  transients  during  bistable  switching,  revealing  the  role  of  metastable  argon  in  sustaining  discharge  modes.  A  global  power-balance  model  predicts  hysteresis  boundaries,  validated  experimentally  across  pressure  (100-1000  mTorr)  and  power  (10-200  W)  ranges.
■546    ▼aEnglish
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0227
■650  4▼aElectromagnetics
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■650  4▼aPlasma  physics
■653    ▼aReactive  plasmas
■653    ▼aOptical  diagnostics
■653    ▼aCollision  dynamics
■653    ▼aEnergy  deposition
■653    ▼aPlasma  chemistry
■7102  ▼aThe  University  of  Texas  at  Austin▼bAerospace  Engineering.▼edegree  granting  institution.
■7201  ▼aUnderwood,  Thomas  C.▼edegree  supervisor.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-06B.
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17361214▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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