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Disparate Policy Responses to Gun Violence by State Governments
Disparate Policy Responses to Gun Violence by State Governments  / Christopher Cassella
Disparate Policy Responses to Gun Violence by State Governments

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260311091524.5
ISBN  
9798270234782
DDC  
363
저자명  
Cassella, Christopher
서명/저자  
Disparate Policy Responses to Gun Violence by State Governments / Christopher Cassella
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Texas at Austin, 2025
형태사항  
1 electronic resource (155 pages)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-06, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisors: Jones, Bryan D.; Epp, Derek A. Committee members: Walker, Hannah; Shepherd, Michael.
학위논문주기  
- Ph.D. : The University of Texas at Austin, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation examines the factors that contributed to gun policy change at the state level. At the federal level, lawmakers have struggled to pass laws and rules to curb gun violence. Interest groups, namely the National Rifle Association (NRA), have successfully prevented gun control advocates from enacting their gun violence prevention (GVP) legislation. As a result of this influence over Congress, scholars have focused on the NRA as the leading cause of stagnated federal gun control. However, scholars' fixation on federal interest groups has caused them to overlook an important hub of policy activity: state legislatures.I argue that while state governments have been \extit{more} responsive to gun violence when compared to the federal government, their response is conditional on several factors. I find that gun policy change does not always match the severity of states' gun violence. Instead, I show that state-level institutions are constrained by policy design, policy feedback, and American federalism. I also demonstrate that the extent to which these institutions are constrained is conditional on partisanship, where preferences towards policy solutions at one point in time lead to path-dependent policy outcomes in the future. Understanding the relationship between federalism, problem solving, policy responses, and institutional constraint, explains how and when gun policy is is passed. These findings can also be applied to any policy topic that is subject to cooperative federalism.This dissertation is divided into three substantive sections. In the first section (Chapter 3), I introduce 10 years of gun violence data from Gun Violence Archive (2014-2023), as well as a collection of state gun laws and policy movements (1813-2022). These are the two main datasets used throughout the project. I place this data into an error correction model and measure changes in gun policy over time. Contrary to expectations, I find that there is no significant relationship between changes in gun deaths per-capita and gun policy change. However, I find that there is a significant and negative relationship between policy activity the previous year and the subsequent year. This relationship holds even when controlling for state-level political factors including legislative professionalism and party control of government.In the second section (Chapter 4), I analyze the policy dynamics uncovered in the first chapter over time. I argue that even if states want to respond to gun violence, there are constraints placed on their legislatures that are a strong determinant of future policy activity. To develop this theory, I first place states on a gun policy scale that measures, both, permissive and rights-restrictive legislation. Then, I theorize that there are federally-imposed constraints that determine the high-end and low-end of the scale; this is a bi-product of cooperative federalism in firearm regulation. I hypothesize that states are also constrained by previous policy activity. Once a state has developed a framework for regulating firearms they tend to stay on that path until they reach a floor or ceiling; this is what I call Policy-Driven Constraint.I test my hypotheses using an ordered logit model and find mixed results. While it is clear that states that begin with a certain type of policymaking will continue down that path (policy-driven constraint), there is not a ceiling effect. For gun control legislation in particular, it becomes most likely that a state will pass gun control legislation if they are in the 75th percentile of gun laws. I find, too, that these relationships are stronger when there are more incidents of gun violence.In the third section (Chapter 5), I discuss several state-level factors that could further explain changes in gun policy. I pivot away from individual gun deaths per-capita as a variable of interest and towards mass shootings as a focusing event that drives policy change. Previous studies have shown that mass shootings can lead to policy changes in their home states; they can also shift public opinion. But, there is not much research on whether similar policy changes occur in similar states. I propose three hypotheses about how states' proximity to a mass shooting, as well as states' party in government, could serve as a more reliable indicator of gun policy change than in-state, low-salience gun violence following a mass shooting. I find mixed results for my hypotheses. I find that states that shared partisan characteristics with those states affected by a mass shooting were more likely to pass gun legislation. I also find that the type of legislation passed tends to have some relationship with the circumstances of the specific shooting. States also passed these laws within a finite time frame, specifically after the string of mass shootings between 2017 and 2019.This project contributes to several fields in social science. First, it contributes to gun studies by applying a process-oriented approach to explaining policy changes that extends beyond conventional arguments about interest-group pluralism. Second, it contributes to studies on political institutions, namely American federalism, by demonstrating that state legislatures are beholden to both the needs of their citizens and the restraints, intentional or otherwise, created by cooperative federalism. Finally, it contributes to research on state politics and policy diffusion by showing how proximity, partisanship, and focusing events can be sufficient, but not necessary, factors in explaining why policies change.
언어주기  
English
일반주제명  
Public administration
일반주제명  
Political science
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Gun violence prevention
키워드  
American federalism
키워드  
Gun legislation
키워드  
Legislative professionalism
키워드  
Gun policy
기타저자  
The University of Texas at Austin Government
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-06A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Texas  at  Austin▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-06,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisors:  Jones,  Bryan  D.;  Epp,  Derek  A.    Committee  members:  Walker,  Hannah;  Shepherd,  Michael.
■5021  ▼bPh.D.▼cThe  University  of  Texas  at  Austin▼d2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  examines  the  factors  that  contributed  to  gun  policy  change  at  the  state  level.  At  the  federal  level,  lawmakers  have  struggled  to  pass  laws  and  rules  to  curb  gun  violence.  Interest  groups,  namely  the  National  Rifle  Association  (NRA),  have  successfully  prevented  gun  control  advocates  from  enacting  their  gun  violence  prevention  (GVP)  legislation.  As  a  result  of  this  influence  over  Congress,  scholars  have  focused  on  the  NRA  as  the  leading  cause  of  stagnated  federal  gun  control.  However,  scholars'  fixation  on  federal  interest  groups  has  caused  them  to  overlook  an  important  hub  of  policy  activity:  state  legislatures.I  argue  that  while  state  governments  have  been  \extit{more}  responsive  to  gun  violence  when  compared  to  the  federal  government,  their  response  is  conditional  on  several  factors.  I  find  that  gun  policy  change  does  not  always  match  the  severity  of  states'  gun  violence.  Instead,  I  show  that  state-level  institutions  are  constrained  by  policy  design,  policy  feedback,  and  American  federalism.  I  also  demonstrate  that  the  extent  to  which  these  institutions  are  constrained  is  conditional  on  partisanship,  where  preferences  towards  policy  solutions  at  one  point  in  time  lead  to  path-dependent  policy  outcomes  in  the  future.  Understanding  the  relationship  between  federalism,  problem  solving,  policy  responses,  and  institutional  constraint,  explains  how  and  when  gun  policy  is  is  passed.  These  findings  can  also  be  applied  to  any  policy  topic  that  is  subject  to  cooperative  federalism.This  dissertation  is  divided  into  three  substantive  sections.  In  the  first  section  (Chapter  3),  I  introduce  10  years  of  gun  violence  data  from  Gun  Violence  Archive  (2014-2023),  as  well  as  a  collection  of  state  gun  laws  and  policy  movements  (1813-2022).  These  are  the  two  main  datasets  used  throughout  the  project.  I  place  this  data  into  an  error  correction  model  and  measure  changes  in  gun  policy  over  time.  Contrary  to  expectations,  I  find  that  there  is  no  significant  relationship  between  changes  in  gun  deaths  per-capita  and  gun  policy  change.  However,  I  find  that  there  is  a  significant  and  negative  relationship  between  policy  activity  the  previous  year  and  the  subsequent  year.  This  relationship  holds  even  when  controlling  for  state-level  political  factors  including  legislative  professionalism  and  party  control  of  government.In  the  second  section  (Chapter  4),  I  analyze  the  policy  dynamics  uncovered  in  the  first  chapter  over  time.  I  argue  that  even  if  states  want  to  respond  to  gun  violence,  there  are  constraints  placed  on  their  legislatures  that  are  a  strong  determinant  of  future  policy  activity.  To  develop  this  theory,  I  first  place  states  on  a  gun  policy  scale  that  measures,  both,  permissive  and  rights-restrictive  legislation.  Then,  I  theorize  that  there  are  federally-imposed  constraints  that  determine  the  high-end  and  low-end  of  the  scale;  this  is  a  bi-product  of  cooperative  federalism  in  firearm  regulation.  I  hypothesize  that  states  are  also  constrained  by  previous  policy  activity.  Once  a  state  has  developed  a  framework  for  regulating  firearms  they  tend  to  stay  on  that  path  until  they  reach  a  floor  or  ceiling;  this  is  what  I  call  Policy-Driven  Constraint.I  test  my  hypotheses  using  an  ordered  logit  model  and  find  mixed  results.  While  it  is  clear  that  states  that  begin  with  a  certain  type  of  policymaking  will  continue  down  that  path  (policy-driven  constraint),  there  is  not  a  ceiling  effect.  For  gun  control  legislation  in  particular,  it  becomes  most  likely  that  a  state  will  pass  gun  control  legislation  if  they  are  in  the  75th  percentile  of  gun  laws.  I  find,  too,  that  these  relationships  are  stronger  when  there  are  more  incidents  of  gun  violence.In  the  third  section  (Chapter  5),  I  discuss  several  state-level  factors  that  could  further  explain  changes  in  gun  policy.  I  pivot  away  from  individual  gun  deaths  per-capita  as  a  variable  of  interest  and  towards  mass  shootings  as  a  focusing  event  that  drives  policy  change.  Previous  studies  have  shown  that  mass  shootings  can  lead  to  policy  changes  in  their  home  states;  they  can  also  shift  public  opinion.  But,  there  is  not  much  research  on  whether  similar  policy  changes  occur  in  similar  states.  I  propose  three  hypotheses  about  how  states'  proximity  to  a  mass  shooting,  as  well  as  states'  party  in  government,  could  serve  as  a  more  reliable  indicator  of  gun  policy  change  than  in-state,  low-salience  gun  violence  following  a  mass  shooting.  I  find  mixed  results  for  my  hypotheses.  I  find  that  states  that  shared  partisan  characteristics  with  those  states  affected  by  a  mass  shooting  were  more  likely  to  pass  gun  legislation.  I  also  find  that  the  type  of  legislation  passed  tends  to  have  some  relationship  with  the  circumstances  of  the  specific  shooting.  States  also  passed  these  laws  within  a  finite  time  frame,  specifically  after  the  string  of  mass  shootings  between  2017  and  2019.This  project  contributes  to  several  fields  in  social  science.  First,  it  contributes  to  gun  studies  by  applying  a  process-oriented  approach  to  explaining  policy  changes  that  extends  beyond  conventional  arguments  about  interest-group  pluralism.  Second,  it  contributes  to  studies  on  political  institutions,  namely  American  federalism,  by  demonstrating  that  state  legislatures  are  beholden  to  both  the  needs  of  their  citizens  and  the  restraints,  intentional  or  otherwise,  created  by  cooperative  federalism.  Finally,  it  contributes  to  research  on  state  politics  and  policy  diffusion  by  showing  how  proximity,  partisanship,  and  focusing  events  can  be  sufficient,  but  not  necessary,  factors  in  explaining  why  policies  change.
■546    ▼aEnglish
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0227
■650  4▼aPublic  administration
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aGun  violence  prevention
■653    ▼aAmerican  federalism
■653    ▼aGun  legislation
■653    ▼aLegislative  professionalism
■653    ▼aGun  policy
■7102  ▼aThe  University  of  Texas  at  Austin▼bGovernment.▼edegree  granting  institution.
■7201  ▼aJones,  Bryan  D.▼edegree  supervisor.
■7201  ▼aEpp,  Derek  A.▼edegree  supervisor.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-06A.
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17361268▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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