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Mechanisms of Enhancement of Antibody Responses by Escalating Dose Immunization in Mice
Mechanisms of Enhancement of Antibody Responses by Escalating Dose Immunization in Mice  /...
Mechanisms of Enhancement of Antibody Responses by Escalating Dose Immunization in Mice

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260311091509.5
ISBN  
9798315715368
DDC  
572
저자명  
Malewana, Goda Baddage Rakitha Dilshan
서명/저자  
Mechanisms of Enhancement of Antibody Responses by Escalating Dose Immunization in Mice / Goda Baddage Rakitha Dilshan Malewana
발행사항  
[Sl] : Duke University, 2025
형태사항  
1 electronic resource (215 pages)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisors: Saunders, Kevin O.; Haynes, Barton F. Committee members: Kelsoe, Garnett H.; Moseman, E. Ashley; Coyne, Carolyn B.
학위논문주기  
- Ph.D. : Duke University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Vaccination strategies targeting complex pathogens like HIV-1 require optimization to improve immune responses, particularly for subdominant epitopes. The HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP) epitope, a region of the HIV-1 envelope, is considered subdominant due to the much lower antibody titers it typically elicits in comparison to other dominant epitopes of the virus. It has been previously shown that slow-release immunization using nonmechanical osmotic pumps induces higher HIV-1 FP-specific antibody titers compared to conventional bolus immunization. A key question, therefore, is how slow-release immunization preferentially enhances antibody responses to subdominant epitopes like HIV-1 FP. While the effects of slow-release immunization on dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and B cells have been described, the precise immunological mechanisms driving the induction of FP-specific antibodies - especially in terms of epitope specificity- remain poorly understood.This study elucidates the immunological mechanisms underlying the slow-release immunization method, escalating dose (ESD), where the gradual release of progressively higher vaccine doses enhances FP-specific antibody responses. I hypothesize that ESD enhances FP-specific antibody responses by skewing the immune response toward a Th2 phenotype, which promotes B cell activation and antibody production. To test this hypothesis, using a Helicobacter pylori ferritin nanoparticle-based HIV FP immunogen, I investigated how ESD modulates DC cell migration, dendritic cell subpopulations, Th1/Th2 polarization, and the expansion of FP-specific B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. Additionally, I measured HIV-specific serum antibodies to assess the impact of ESD on early antibody responses and immunoglobulin subclass production.I found that ESD immunization significantly increased the frequency of migratory conventional DC (cDC) populations, including CCR7+ cDC1, cDC2, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), which are essential for efficient antigen presentation and CD4+ T cell priming. These DC subsets promoted a Th2-biased immune response, characterized by elevated IL-4, IL-10, and GATA-3 expression in CD4+ T cells. Mouse strains expressing low levels of class II molecules (I-Ad and I-Ak), potentially through a Th2 pathway, elicit a stronger HIV FP antibody response, while strains with high class II expression (I-Ab), likely via a Th1 pathway, exhibit a weaker response. Notably, Th2-skewed environment was associated with a preferential expansion of HIV FP-specific B cells, particularly in the extrafollicular (EF) compartment, which is known for rapid, early antibody production. Crucially, ESD immunization preferentially enhanced antibody responses to the HIV FP epitope, with a marked increase in FP-specific antibody titers compared to conventional bolus immunization. This enhancement was selective for the subdominant FP epitope, as responses to the dominant ferritin nanoparticle epitope were similar between both regimens. The expansion of FP-specific B cells in the EF compartment suggests that ESD drives a shift toward early, robust antibody production targeting non-dominant epitopes without compromising responses to dominant epitopes.In conclusion, these findings provide mechanistic insights into how ESD immunization selectively enhances immune responses to subdominant epitopes like HIV FP. By modulating DC migration, T cell differentiation, and B cell activation, ESD promotes a Th2-biased environment that favors rapid antibody responses to non-dominant epitopes. These results highlight the potential of ESD as a strategy for improving vaccine efficacy by modulating epitope specificity and enhancing responses to subdominant epitopes in the development of next-generation HIV vaccines.
언어주기  
English
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Health sciences
키워드  
Extrafollicular
키워드  
Vaccination strategies
키워드  
Fusion peptide
기타저자  
Duke University Immunology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■020    ▼a9798315715368
■040    ▼aMiAaPQD▼beng▼cMiAaPQD▼erda
■082    ▼a572
■1001  ▼aMalewana,  Goda  Baddage  Rakitha  Dilshan▼eauthor.
■24510▼aMechanisms  of  Enhancement  of  Antibody  Responses  by  Escalating  Dose  Immunization  in  Mice  ▼cGoda  Baddage  Rakitha  Dilshan  Malewana
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bDuke  University▼c2025
■264  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a1  electronic  resource  (215  pages)
■336    ▼atext▼btxt▼2rdacontent
■337    ▼acomputer▼bc▼2rdamedia
■338    ▼aonline  resource▼bcr▼2rdacarrier
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisors:  Saunders,  Kevin  O.;  Haynes,  Barton  F.    Committee  members:  Kelsoe,  Garnett  H.;  Moseman,  E.  Ashley;  Coyne,  Carolyn  B.
■5021  ▼bPh.D.▼cDuke  University▼d2025.
■520    ▼aVaccination  strategies  targeting  complex  pathogens  like  HIV-1  require  optimization  to  improve  immune  responses,  particularly  for  subdominant  epitopes.  The  HIV-1  fusion  peptide  (FP)  epitope,  a  region  of  the  HIV-1  envelope,  is  considered  subdominant  due  to  the  much  lower  antibody  titers  it  typically  elicits  in  comparison  to  other  dominant  epitopes  of  the  virus.  It  has  been  previously  shown  that  slow-release  immunization  using  nonmechanical  osmotic  pumps  induces  higher  HIV-1  FP-specific  antibody  titers  compared  to  conventional  bolus  immunization.  A  key  question,  therefore,  is  how  slow-release  immunization  preferentially  enhances  antibody  responses  to  subdominant  epitopes  like  HIV-1  FP.  While  the  effects  of  slow-release  immunization  on  dendritic  cells  (DCs),  T  cells,  and  B  cells  have  been  described,  the  precise  immunological  mechanisms  driving  the  induction  of  FP-specific  antibodies  -  especially  in  terms  of  epitope  specificity-  remain  poorly  understood.This  study  elucidates  the  immunological  mechanisms  underlying  the  slow-release  immunization  method,  escalating  dose  (ESD),  where  the  gradual  release  of  progressively  higher  vaccine  doses  enhances  FP-specific  antibody  responses.  I  hypothesize  that  ESD  enhances  FP-specific  antibody  responses  by  skewing  the  immune  response  toward  a  Th2  phenotype,  which  promotes  B  cell  activation  and  antibody  production.  To  test  this  hypothesis,  using  a  Helicobacter  pylori  ferritin  nanoparticle-based  HIV  FP  immunogen,  I  investigated  how  ESD  modulates  DC  cell  migration,  dendritic  cell  subpopulations,  Th1/Th2  polarization,  and  the  expansion  of  FP-specific  B  cells  in  secondary  lymphoid  tissues.  Additionally,  I  measured  HIV-specific  serum  antibodies  to  assess  the  impact  of  ESD  on  early  antibody  responses  and  immunoglobulin  subclass  production.I  found  that  ESD  immunization  significantly  increased  the  frequency  of  migratory  conventional  DC  (cDC)  populations,  including  CCR7+  cDC1,  cDC2,  and  plasmacytoid  DCs  (pDCs),  which  are  essential  for  efficient  antigen  presentation  and  CD4+  T  cell  priming.  These  DC  subsets  promoted  a  Th2-biased  immune  response,  characterized  by  elevated  IL-4,  IL-10,  and  GATA-3  expression  in  CD4+  T  cells.  Mouse  strains  expressing  low  levels  of  class  II  molecules  (I-Ad  and  I-Ak),  potentially  through  a  Th2  pathway,  elicit  a  stronger  HIV  FP  antibody  response,  while  strains  with  high  class  II  expression  (I-Ab),  likely  via  a  Th1  pathway,  exhibit  a  weaker  response.  Notably,  Th2-skewed  environment  was  associated  with  a  preferential  expansion  of  HIV  FP-specific  B  cells,  particularly  in  the  extrafollicular  (EF)  compartment,  which  is  known  for  rapid,  early  antibody  production.  Crucially,  ESD  immunization  preferentially  enhanced  antibody  responses  to  the  HIV  FP  epitope,  with  a  marked  increase  in  FP-specific  antibody  titers  compared  to  conventional  bolus  immunization.  This  enhancement  was  selective  for  the  subdominant  FP  epitope,  as  responses  to  the  dominant  ferritin  nanoparticle  epitope  were  similar  between  both  regimens.  The  expansion  of  FP-specific  B  cells  in  the  EF  compartment  suggests  that  ESD  drives  a  shift  toward  early,  robust  antibody  production  targeting  non-dominant  epitopes  without  compromising  responses  to  dominant  epitopes.In  conclusion,  these  findings  provide  mechanistic  insights  into  how  ESD  immunization  selectively  enhances  immune  responses  to  subdominant  epitopes  like  HIV  FP.  By  modulating  DC  migration,  T  cell  differentiation,  and  B  cell  activation,  ESD  promotes  a  Th2-biased  environment  that  favors  rapid  antibody  responses  to  non-dominant  epitopes.  These  results  highlight  the  potential  of  ESD  as  a  strategy  for  improving  vaccine  efficacy  by  modulating  epitope  specificity  and  enhancing  responses  to  subdominant  epitopes  in  the  development  of  next-generation  HIV  vaccines.
■546    ▼aEnglish
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0066
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aHealth  sciences
■653    ▼aExtrafollicular
■653    ▼aVaccination  strategies
■653    ▼aFusion  peptide
■7102  ▼aDuke  University▼bImmunology.▼edegree  granting  institution.
■7201  ▼aSaunders,  Kevin  O.▼edegree  supervisor.
■7201  ▼aHaynes,  Barton  F.▼edegree  supervisor.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356565▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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