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Identifying the Spatiotemporal Distribution and Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes During Acute Pneumonia
Identifying the Spatiotemporal Distribution and Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ...
Identifying the Spatiotemporal Distribution and Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes During Acute Pneumonia

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260311091459.5
ISBN  
9798315799801
DDC  
616
저자명  
Haynes, Maureen Elizabeth
서명/저자  
Identifying the Spatiotemporal Distribution and Functions of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes During Acute Pneumonia / Maureen Elizabeth Haynes
발행사항  
[Sl] : Northwestern University, 2025
형태사항  
1 electronic resource (194 pages)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisors: Muller, William A. Committee members: Gottardi, Cara; Sporn, Peter; Budinger, GR Scott.
학위논문주기  
- Ph.D. : Northwestern University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Inflammation underlies the pathology of most diseases. Therefore, understanding it is of the utmost importance. Infiltration of immune cells, known as leukocytes, can both resolve and exacerbate damage in disease, making the consequences of their presence in tissues complex. Gastric aspiration results from the acidic contents of the stomach leaking into the oropharynx from which it is then aspirated into the airspace of the lungs. In addition to the inflammation resulting from direct chemical damage to the lung, there is often superinfection by oropharyngeal bacteria. Gastric aspiration is extremely common, occurring in more than 50,000 patients every year; 30% of those cases are fatal. Bacterial bronchopneumonia is an infectious form of airspace disease in which bacterial infiltration of the lungs results in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment and edema in the airspace. High PMN counts in the circulating blood are known to correlate with adverse outcomes in inflammatory lung pathologies. Currently, therapy for these conditions is mainly supportive care or antibiotics when appropriate. Pneumonia is a common infection, affecting 5 million people per year in the US, with 20% of cases requiring hospitalization and 12- 40% of these cases resulting in death. Despite the high prevalence and elevated morbidity and mortality associated with inflammatory lung diseases, little work has been done to characterize the recruitment patterns or transmigration of PMNs to the lungs in either health or disease.Previous work shows that recruitment and migration of leukocytes in the lungs differs from the systemic vasculature. Leukocyte extravasation into the alveoli is believed to occur via capillaries, although nobody has documented this in real time. Leukocyte recruitment is selectin-independent and the role of adhesion molecules like β2 integrins is stimulus specific. The step of transendothelial migration (TEM) or transmigration has been shown in the systemic circulation to require homophilic interactions between PECAM-1 and CD99 on the leukocyte and endothelial cell. Yet, the mechanism(s) of TEM of PMNs in the lungs in various pathologies has remained unclear. In the present study, we identify the mechanisms of TEM and function of PMN in acute inflammatory airspace diseases. We show that TEM of PMNs into the airspace during sterile pneumonia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial (non-sterile) pneumonia is PECAM-1 and CD99-dependent. While several groups have examined TEM in the lungs of rats, rabbits, and pigs, none have directly visualized TEM in vivo. We utilize intravital microscopy (IVM) of the lung to visualize PMN behavior directly. We demonstrate in real time in living mice that extravasation of PMN into the alveoli occurs directly via capillaries and this step is PECAM- and CD99-dependent. We also show that halting neutrophil trafficking into the airspace via this step of the inflammatory cascade has no direct therapeutic effect in models of murine lung injury that are translationally relevant, as the models are severe enough that approximately half the mice in the control groups die. We then pursue an explanation for this apparent paradox.Though they are often known for their damaging, pro-inflammatory effects, PMNs have also previously been shown to produce anti-inflammatory small molecules known as specially pro-resolving molecules (SPMs). We demonstrate that the absence of PMNs has a strongly deleterious effect during both sterile and non-sterile acute lung injury and identify three main SPMs produced by PMNs in the lungs: MaR1, LXA4, and 18-HEPE. We utilize our murine lung injury models to demonstrate that these molecules reduce PMN influx into the tissue during injury and promote survival of sterile and non-sterile injury.Collectively, these data identify the mechanism of transendothelial migration of PMNs in the lung during multiple types of airspace diseases and highlight the pro-resolving function of neutrophils during and after sterile injury. These studies will fill a critical gap in our knowledge of basic lung pathology and are crucial in developing better therapies for these diseases.
언어주기  
English
일반주제명  
Immunology
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Pathology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Inflammation underlies
키워드  
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
키워드  
Acute pneumonia
키워드  
Specially pro-resolving molecules
키워드  
Lung pathology
기타저자  
Northwestern University Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aHaynes,  Maureen  Elizabeth▼eauthor.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-7557-4162
■24510▼aIdentifying  the  Spatiotemporal  Distribution  and  Functions  of  Polymorphonuclear  Leukocytes  During  Acute  Pneumonia  ▼cMaureen  Elizabeth  Haynes
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorthwestern  University▼c2025
■264  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a1  electronic  resource  (194  pages)
■336    ▼atext▼btxt▼2rdacontent
■337    ▼acomputer▼bc▼2rdamedia
■338    ▼aonline  resource▼bcr▼2rdacarrier
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisors:  Muller,  William  A.    Committee  members:  Gottardi,  Cara;  Sporn,  Peter;  Budinger,  GR  Scott.
■5021  ▼bPh.D.▼cNorthwestern  University▼d2025.
■520    ▼aInflammation  underlies  the  pathology  of  most  diseases.  Therefore,  understanding  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance.  Infiltration  of  immune  cells,  known  as  leukocytes,  can  both  resolve  and  exacerbate  damage  in  disease,  making  the  consequences  of  their  presence  in  tissues  complex.  Gastric  aspiration  results  from  the  acidic  contents  of  the  stomach  leaking  into  the  oropharynx  from  which  it  is  then  aspirated  into  the  airspace  of  the  lungs.  In  addition  to  the  inflammation  resulting  from  direct  chemical  damage  to  the  lung,  there  is  often  superinfection  by  oropharyngeal  bacteria.  Gastric  aspiration  is  extremely  common,  occurring  in  more  than  50,000  patients  every  year;  30%  of  those  cases  are  fatal.  Bacterial  bronchopneumonia  is  an  infectious  form  of  airspace  disease  in  which  bacterial  infiltration  of  the  lungs  results  in  polymorphonuclear  leukocyte  (PMN)  recruitment  and  edema  in  the  airspace.  High  PMN  counts  in  the  circulating  blood  are  known  to  correlate  with  adverse  outcomes  in  inflammatory  lung  pathologies.  Currently,  therapy  for  these  conditions  is  mainly  supportive  care  or  antibiotics  when  appropriate.  Pneumonia  is  a  common  infection,  affecting  5  million  people  per  year  in  the  US,  with  20%  of  cases  requiring  hospitalization  and  12-  40%  of  these  cases  resulting  in  death.  Despite  the  high  prevalence  and  elevated  morbidity  and  mortality  associated  with  inflammatory  lung  diseases,  little  work  has  been  done  to  characterize  the  recruitment  patterns  or  transmigration  of  PMNs  to  the  lungs  in  either  health  or  disease.Previous  work  shows  that  recruitment  and  migration  of  leukocytes  in  the  lungs  differs  from  the  systemic  vasculature.  Leukocyte  extravasation  into  the  alveoli  is  believed  to  occur  via  capillaries,  although  nobody  has  documented  this  in  real  time.  Leukocyte  recruitment  is  selectin-independent  and  the  role  of  adhesion  molecules  like  β2  integrins  is  stimulus  specific.  The  step  of  transendothelial  migration  (TEM)  or  transmigration  has  been  shown  in  the  systemic  circulation  to  require  homophilic  interactions  between  PECAM-1  and  CD99  on  the  leukocyte  and  endothelial cell.  Yet,  the  mechanism(s)  of  TEM  of  PMNs  in  the  lungs  in  various  pathologies  has  remained  unclear.  In  the  present  study,  we  identify  the  mechanisms  of  TEM  and  function  of  PMN  in  acute  inflammatory  airspace  diseases.  We  show  that  TEM  of  PMNs  into  the  airspace  during  sterile  pneumonia,  ischemia/reperfusion  injury,  and  both  Gram-positive  and  Gram-negative  bacterial  (non-sterile)  pneumonia  is  PECAM-1  and  CD99-dependent.  While  several  groups  have  examined  TEM  in  the  lungs  of  rats,  rabbits,  and  pigs,  none  have  directly  visualized  TEM  in  vivo.  We  utilize  intravital  microscopy  (IVM)  of  the  lung  to  visualize  PMN  behavior  directly.  We  demonstrate  in  real  time  in  living  mice  that  extravasation  of  PMN  into  the  alveoli  occurs  directly  via  capillaries  and  this  step  is  PECAM-  and  CD99-dependent.  We  also  show  that  halting  neutrophil  trafficking  into  the  airspace  via  this  step  of  the  inflammatory  cascade  has  no  direct  therapeutic  effect  in  models  of  murine  lung  injury  that  are  translationally  relevant,  as  the  models  are  severe  enough  that  approximately  half  the  mice  in  the  control  groups  die.  We  then  pursue  an  explanation  for  this  apparent  paradox.Though  they  are  often  known  for  their  damaging,  pro-inflammatory  effects,  PMNs  have  also  previously  been  shown  to  produce  anti-inflammatory  small  molecules  known  as  specially  pro-resolving  molecules  (SPMs).  We  demonstrate  that  the  absence  of  PMNs  has  a  strongly  deleterious  effect  during  both  sterile  and  non-sterile  acute  lung  injury  and  identify  three  main  SPMs  produced  by  PMNs  in  the  lungs:  MaR1,  LXA4,  and  18-HEPE.  We  utilize  our  murine  lung  injury  models  to  demonstrate  that  these  molecules  reduce  PMN  influx  into  the  tissue  during  injury  and  promote  survival  of  sterile  and  non-sterile  injury.Collectively,  these  data  identify  the  mechanism  of  transendothelial  migration  of  PMNs  in  the  lung  during  multiple  types  of  airspace  diseases  and  highlight  the  pro-resolving  function  of neutrophils  during  and  after  sterile  injury.  These  studies  will  fill  a  critical  gap  in  our  knowledge  of  basic  lung  pathology  and  are  crucial  in  developing  better  therapies  for  these  diseases.
■546    ▼aEnglish
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0163
■650  4▼aImmunology
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aPathology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aInflammation  underlies
■653    ▼aPolymorphonuclear  leukocyte
■653    ▼aAcute  pneumonia
■653    ▼aSpecially  pro-resolving  molecules
■653    ▼aLung  pathology
■7102  ▼aNorthwestern  University▼bDriskill  Graduate  Training  Program  in  Life  Sciences.▼edegree  granting  institution.
■7201  ▼aMuller,  William  A.▼edegree  supervisor.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357289▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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