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Bioengineering Morphogenesis and Differentiation in Human Brain Organoids
Bioengineering Morphogenesis and Differentiation in Human Brain Organoids  / Ezekiel Bensh...
Bioengineering Morphogenesis and Differentiation in Human Brain Organoids

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260311091549.5
ISBN  
9798280719842
DDC  
611
저자명  
Benshirim, Ezekiel
서명/저자  
Bioengineering Morphogenesis and Differentiation in Human Brain Organoids / Ezekiel Benshirim
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
형태사항  
1 electronic resource (235 pages)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisors: Arlotta, Paola Committee members: Lehtinen, Maria; Rubin, Lee; Tang, Xin; Koppes, Abigail.
학위논문주기  
- Ph.D. : Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The developmental processes that give rise to the distinctive human cerebral cortex are experimentally inaccessible, and only partially recapitulated in animal models. Brain organoids derived from human stem cells offer a unique window into these events at the cellular level. However, organoids deviate from the single-lumen morphology and polarized tissue architecture of the embryonic cortex, which orchestrate cell-cell interactions critical for normal development in vivo. Here, I develop techniques for culturing 3D in vitro human organoid models of the cerebral cortex that maintain a single ventricle-like structure and display biomimetic polarization of the cortical neuroepithelium. I apply these models to investigate the role of tissue-level mechanical forces in balancing between proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. I find that manually inflating organoids by injection of biocompatible fluids to increase intraluminal pressure promotes the maintenance and expansion of endogenous-like tissue architecture. This injection protocol prolongs the survival of apicobasally polarized architecture from the previously reported maximum of 22 days in culture to at least 49 days, maintains this architecture as organoids grow to over a millimeter in diameter, and can preserve the overall single-lumen structure for up to three months. Leveraging the ability of this model to experimentally vary mechanical strain on human neuroepithelium-like tissue, I demonstrate that inflation of ventricular structures in organoids delays neurogenesis, favoring proliferative divisions of neural progenitors at the expense of differentiation. Conversely, pressure release is rapidly followed by an increase in neuronal differentiation. This finding suggests that mechanical forces naturally present in the early brain could play a key role in regulating the timing and extent of stem cell proliferation relative to differentiation, serving as a previously unrecognized driver of final cortex size and cellular composition. As a step towards future models that could enable experimental exposure of biomimetic human neuroepithelia to realistic polarized biochemical signals, I also completed the design and pilot experiments for a microfluidically perfused neural tube model. Together, my results show that organoid-derived neural stem cells retain the ability to form large-scale tissues with high fidelity to in vivo histology when provided with appropriate mechanical cues, and illustrate the potential for bioengineered brain models to investigate fundamental questions in developmental neurobiology.
언어주기  
English
일반주제명  
Developmental biology
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Physiology
키워드  
Neurobiology
키워드  
Embryonic cortex
키워드  
Tissue architecture
키워드  
Neural progenitors
키워드  
Human neuroepithelia
기타저자  
Harvard University Biological and Biomedical Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQD▼beng▼cMiAaPQD▼erda
■082    ▼a611
■1001  ▼aBenshirim,  Ezekiel▼eauthor.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-6865-9707
■24510▼aBioengineering  Morphogenesis  and  Differentiation  in  Human  Brain  Organoids  ▼cEzekiel  Benshirim
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■264  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a1  electronic  resource  (235  pages)
■336    ▼atext▼btxt▼2rdacontent
■337    ▼acomputer▼bc▼2rdamedia
■338    ▼aonline  resource▼bcr▼2rdacarrier
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisors:  Arlotta,  Paola    Committee  members:  Lehtinen,  Maria;  Rubin,  Lee;  Tang,  Xin;  Koppes,  Abigail.
■5021  ▼bPh.D.▼cHarvard  University▼d2025.
■520    ▼aThe  developmental  processes  that  give  rise  to  the  distinctive  human  cerebral  cortex  are  experimentally  inaccessible,  and  only  partially  recapitulated  in  animal  models.  Brain  organoids  derived  from  human  stem  cells  offer  a  unique  window  into  these  events  at  the  cellular  level.  However,  organoids  deviate  from  the  single-lumen  morphology  and  polarized  tissue  architecture  of  the  embryonic  cortex,  which  orchestrate  cell-cell  interactions  critical  for  normal  development  in  vivo.  Here,  I  develop  techniques  for  culturing  3D  in  vitro  human  organoid  models  of  the  cerebral  cortex  that  maintain  a  single  ventricle-like  structure  and  display  biomimetic  polarization  of  the  cortical  neuroepithelium.  I  apply  these  models  to  investigate  the  role  of  tissue-level  mechanical  forces  in  balancing  between  proliferation  and  differentiation  of  neural  stem  cells.  I  find  that  manually  inflating  organoids  by  injection  of  biocompatible  fluids  to  increase  intraluminal  pressure  promotes  the  maintenance  and  expansion  of  endogenous-like  tissue  architecture.  This  injection  protocol  prolongs  the  survival  of  apicobasally  polarized  architecture  from  the  previously  reported  maximum  of  22  days  in  culture  to  at  least  49  days,  maintains  this  architecture  as  organoids  grow  to  over  a  millimeter  in  diameter,  and  can  preserve  the  overall  single-lumen  structure  for  up  to  three  months.  Leveraging  the  ability  of  this  model  to  experimentally  vary  mechanical  strain  on  human  neuroepithelium-like  tissue,  I  demonstrate  that  inflation  of  ventricular  structures  in  organoids  delays  neurogenesis,  favoring  proliferative  divisions  of  neural  progenitors  at  the  expense  of  differentiation.  Conversely,  pressure  release  is  rapidly  followed  by  an  increase  in  neuronal  differentiation.  This  finding  suggests  that  mechanical  forces  naturally  present  in  the  early  brain  could  play  a  key  role  in  regulating  the  timing  and  extent  of  stem  cell  proliferation  relative  to  differentiation,  serving  as  a  previously  unrecognized  driver  of  final  cortex  size  and  cellular  composition.  As  a  step  towards  future  models  that  could  enable  experimental  exposure  of  biomimetic  human  neuroepithelia  to  realistic  polarized  biochemical  signals,  I  also  completed  the  design  and  pilot  experiments  for  a  microfluidically  perfused  neural  tube  model.  Together,  my  results  show  that  organoid-derived  neural  stem  cells  retain  the  ability  to  form  large-scale  tissues  with  high  fidelity  to  in  vivo  histology  when  provided  with  appropriate  mechanical  cues,  and  illustrate  the  potential  for  bioengineered  brain  models  to  investigate  fundamental  questions  in  developmental  neurobiology.
■546    ▼aEnglish
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  biology
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■653    ▼aNeurobiology
■653    ▼aEmbryonic  cortex
■653    ▼aTissue  architecture
■653    ▼aNeural  progenitors
■653    ▼aHuman  neuroepithelia
■7102  ▼aHarvard  University▼bBiological  and  Biomedical  Sciences.▼edegree  granting  institution.
■7201  ▼aArlotta,  Paola▼edegree  supervisor.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357830▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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