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Pharmacological Mechanisms for Targeting the Hippo Pathway
Pharmacological Mechanisms for Targeting the Hippo Pathway  / Maya L Bulos
Pharmacological Mechanisms for Targeting the Hippo Pathway

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260311091518.5
ISBN  
9798283479347
DDC  
572.6
저자명  
Bulos, Maya L.
서명/저자  
Pharmacological Mechanisms for Targeting the Hippo Pathway / Maya L Bulos
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Scripps Research Institute, 2025
형태사항  
1 electronic resource (169 pages)
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisors: Bollong, Michael J. Committee members: Erb, Michael A.; Cravatt, Benjamin F.; Lamia, Katja A.; Rape, Michael.
학위논문주기  
- Ph.D. : The Scripps Research Institute, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약A key question in developmental biology is how cellular proliferation and organ size are regulated throughout life. Genetic screens for tumor suppressor genes in Drosophila identified the Hippo signaling pathway as a master regulator of cell proliferation and tissue growth. The pathway can be activated by cell-cell contacts, metabolic changes, and diverse extrinsic inputs to restrict the activity of the downstream effector Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), which therefore prevents overgrowth and abnormal cell proliferation. Despite these foundational findings from over 20 years ago, there is not a complete mechanistic understanding of pathway regulation, and recent work suggests multiple additional signaling nodes regulate the Hippo pathway. These signaling nodes not only reveal fundamental aspects of cell biology but also act as novel druggable targets to control Hippo pathway activity. The Hippo pathway is a desirable drug target, as YAP can mobilize and proliferate endogenous progenitor cells to heal injuries. Indeed, studies on YAP activation through genetic methods indicate this strategy can promote regeneration of organs such as skin, intestine, liver, and heart. Studies like these have suggested that small molecule activators of YAP may have potential therapeutic utility in diseases involving insufficient tissue repair. However, attempts at activating YAP pharmacologically have focused on targeting the core kinases of the pathway, which can lead to undesirable on-target effects due to their activity in cell cycle control and transcription. Therefore, we hypothesize that chemically targeting regulators of the Hippo pathway that specifically relay YAP-inhibitory signals will provide control of YAP activation without affecting other essential biological processes. Here, we show that unbiased high-throughput screening of new and repurposed compounds can identify small molecule activators of YAP. These compounds target proteins involved in Hippo pathway responses to cell polarity and density, which emphasizes the importance of these signals in regulating cellular proliferation.We first explored if known drugs might activate YAP by conducting a reporter-based screen of the Repurposing, Focused Rescue, and Accelerated Medchem (ReFRAME) small molecule library (Chapter 2). Of the 15 identified kinase inhibitors that activate YAP, we focused on SM04690, a compound found to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling. We found that by inhibiting CLK2, SM04690 induces alternative splicing of exons 5 and 9 of AMOTL2, a protein integral to Hippo pathway activity. Alternatively spliced AMOTL2 can no longer localize YAP to the membrane, so YAP is free to enter the nucleus and turn on its transcriptional program. Since SM04690 broadly modulates alternative splicing, it is not desirable as a regenerative therapeutic. However, it is a useful pharmacological tool to better understand and control Hippo pathway activity.We next sought to identify new chemical matter that can activate YAP. A compound with a quinazoline scaffold was selected for a structure activity relationship by supplier inventory study to yield the small molecule hit, sCMF231 (Chapter 3). After confirmation of sCMF231 as a YAP activator, we generated a photo-activatable probe to study its cellular target. We found that our compound targets FUBI, a ubiquitin-like protein with no established connection to the Hippo pathway. Proteomics studies to find covalent targets of FUBI identified ANXA2, a protein our lab previously identified as a central regulator of the Hippo pathway. We found that sCMF231 treatment induces the delocalization of ANXA2 from the plasma membrane, which is necessary for its control of YAP activity. We additionally performed proteomics experiments to identify machinery required for FUBI conjugation to target proteins. In situ co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro fubylation assays revealed UBA1, UBE2C, and APC/C are components of FUBI's conjugation machinery to ANXA2. This work reveals fubylation as a novel Hippo pathway-specific regulation system akin to ubiquitination.
언어주기  
English
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Pharmacology
키워드  
Alternative splicing
키워드  
Chemical genetics
키워드  
Hippo pathway
키워드  
Regenerative medicine
키워드  
Ubiquitin-like modification
기타저자  
The Scripps Research Institute Chemical Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aBulos,  Maya  L.▼eauthor.
■24510▼aPharmacological  Mechanisms  for  Targeting  the  Hippo  Pathway  ▼cMaya  L  Bulos
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Scripps  Research  Institute▼c2025
■264  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a1  electronic  resource  (169  pages)
■336    ▼atext▼btxt▼2rdacontent
■337    ▼acomputer▼bc▼2rdamedia
■338    ▼aonline  resource▼bcr▼2rdacarrier
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisors:  Bollong,  Michael  J.    Committee  members:  Erb,  Michael  A.;  Cravatt,  Benjamin  F.;  Lamia,  Katja  A.;  Rape,  Michael.
■5021  ▼bPh.D.▼cThe  Scripps  Research  Institute▼d2025.
■520    ▼aA  key  question  in  developmental  biology  is  how  cellular  proliferation  and  organ  size  are  regulated  throughout  life.  Genetic  screens  for  tumor  suppressor  genes  in  Drosophila  identified  the  Hippo  signaling  pathway  as  a  master  regulator  of  cell  proliferation  and  tissue  growth.  The  pathway  can  be  activated  by  cell-cell  contacts,  metabolic  changes,  and  diverse  extrinsic  inputs  to  restrict  the  activity  of  the  downstream  effector  Yes-associated  protein  1  (YAP),  which  therefore  prevents  overgrowth  and  abnormal  cell  proliferation.  Despite  these  foundational  findings  from  over  20  years  ago,  there  is  not  a  complete  mechanistic  understanding  of  pathway  regulation,  and  recent  work  suggests  multiple  additional  signaling  nodes  regulate  the  Hippo  pathway.  These  signaling  nodes  not  only  reveal  fundamental  aspects  of  cell  biology  but  also  act  as  novel  druggable  targets  to  control  Hippo  pathway  activity.  The  Hippo  pathway  is  a  desirable  drug  target,  as  YAP  can  mobilize  and  proliferate  endogenous  progenitor  cells  to  heal  injuries.  Indeed,  studies  on  YAP  activation  through  genetic  methods  indicate  this  strategy  can  promote  regeneration  of  organs  such  as  skin,  intestine,  liver,  and  heart.  Studies  like  these  have  suggested  that  small  molecule  activators  of  YAP  may  have  potential  therapeutic  utility  in  diseases  involving  insufficient  tissue  repair.  However,  attempts  at  activating  YAP  pharmacologically  have  focused  on  targeting  the  core  kinases  of  the  pathway,  which  can  lead  to  undesirable  on-target  effects  due  to  their  activity  in  cell  cycle  control  and  transcription.  Therefore,  we  hypothesize  that  chemically  targeting  regulators  of  the  Hippo  pathway  that  specifically  relay  YAP-inhibitory  signals  will  provide  control  of  YAP  activation  without  affecting  other  essential  biological  processes.  Here,  we  show  that  unbiased  high-throughput  screening  of  new  and  repurposed  compounds  can  identify  small  molecule  activators  of  YAP.  These  compounds  target  proteins  involved  in  Hippo  pathway  responses  to  cell  polarity  and  density,  which  emphasizes  the  importance  of  these  signals  in  regulating  cellular  proliferation.We  first  explored  if  known  drugs  might  activate  YAP  by  conducting  a  reporter-based  screen  of  the  Repurposing,  Focused  Rescue,  and  Accelerated  Medchem  (ReFRAME)  small  molecule  library  (Chapter  2).  Of  the  15  identified  kinase  inhibitors  that  activate  YAP,  we  focused  on  SM04690,  a  compound  found  to  inhibit  canonical  Wnt  signaling.  We  found  that  by  inhibiting  CLK2,  SM04690  induces  alternative  splicing  of  exons  5  and  9  of  AMOTL2,  a  protein  integral  to  Hippo  pathway  activity.  Alternatively  spliced  AMOTL2  can  no  longer  localize  YAP  to  the  membrane,  so  YAP  is  free  to  enter  the  nucleus  and  turn  on  its  transcriptional  program.  Since  SM04690  broadly  modulates  alternative  splicing,  it  is  not  desirable  as  a  regenerative  therapeutic.  However,  it  is  a  useful  pharmacological  tool  to  better  understand  and  control  Hippo  pathway  activity.We  next  sought  to  identify  new  chemical  matter  that  can  activate  YAP.  A  compound  with  a  quinazoline  scaffold  was  selected  for  a  structure  activity  relationship  by  supplier  inventory  study  to  yield  the  small  molecule  hit,  sCMF231  (Chapter  3).  After  confirmation  of  sCMF231  as  a  YAP  activator,  we  generated  a  photo-activatable  probe  to  study  its  cellular  target.  We  found  that  our  compound  targets  FUBI,  a  ubiquitin-like  protein  with  no  established  connection  to  the  Hippo  pathway.  Proteomics  studies  to  find  covalent  targets  of  FUBI  identified  ANXA2,  a  protein  our  lab  previously  identified  as  a  central  regulator  of  the  Hippo  pathway.  We  found  that  sCMF231  treatment  induces  the  delocalization  of  ANXA2  from  the  plasma  membrane,  which  is  necessary  for  its  control  of  YAP  activity.  We  additionally  performed  proteomics  experiments  to  identify  machinery  required  for  FUBI  conjugation  to  target  proteins.  In  situ  co-immunoprecipitation  and  in  vitro  fubylation  assays  revealed  UBA1,  UBE2C,  and  APC/C  are  components  of  FUBI's  conjugation  machinery  to  ANXA2.  This  work  reveals  fubylation  as  a  novel  Hippo  pathway-specific  regulation  system  akin  to  ubiquitination.
■546    ▼aEnglish
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  1179
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aPharmacology
■653    ▼aAlternative  splicing
■653    ▼aChemical  genetics
■653    ▼aHippo  pathway
■653    ▼aRegenerative  medicine
■653    ▼aUbiquitin-like  modification
■7102  ▼aThe  Scripps  Research  Institute▼bChemical  Biology.▼edegree  granting  institution.
■7201  ▼aBollong,  Michael  J.▼edegree  supervisor.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357942▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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