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Towards Neural Magnetic Field Sensing with Vertical Flux Concentrator-Integrated Perpendicular MTJs
Towards Neural Magnetic Field Sensing with Vertical Flux Concentrator-Integrated Perpendic...
Towards Neural Magnetic Field Sensing with Vertical Flux Concentrator-Integrated Perpendicular MTJs

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105623
ISBN  
9798265429476
DDC  
537.62
저자명  
Ali, Ziad.
서명/저자  
Towards Neural Magnetic Field Sensing with Vertical Flux Concentrator-Integrated Perpendicular MTJs
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
129 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Poon, Ada S.Y.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Brain implants that measure neural magnetic fields, rather than electrical potentials, are expected to confer significant clinical advantages related to implant longevity and signal fidelity due to the elimination of the electrode-tissue interface. However, the informational differences between electrical potentials and magnetic fields generated by spiking cortical neurons remain poorly understood. In addition, neural magnetic fields are minuscule, and no technology has yet achieved sufficiently good noise, sensitivity, and scalability to demonstrate single-shot neural magnetic field recording.In this work, we first analytically explore the fundamental properties of neural magnetic fields at the cellular level and then computationally demonstrate that their informational richness facilitates better cell identification and discrimination than electrical potential measurements. We then explore how we can design perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) sensors to detect these fields, motivated by the technological maturity and high scalability of pMTJ memory devices as well as the lack of prior research into measuring out-of-plane neural fields. We redesign the free layer of these memory devices to reconfigure them for linear sensing, rather than switching, and achieve a literature-best tunnel magnetoresistance ratio of 150%. To enhance device detectivity, we introduce a vertical flux concentrator (vFC) architecture. Using finite-element analysis, we demonstrate that the vFC effectively amplifies magnetic fields in the out-of-plane direction, achieving detectivity enhancements comparable to conventional in-plane flux concentrators while occupying over two orders of magnitude less spatial area. To overcome the challenges of fabricating a tall, cantilevered, high aspect ratio structure with single-micron alignment accuracy,we employ a plasma focused ion beam to sculpt our 150 µm2 -footprint flux concentrator from a thin film, lift it out, and weld it to our 1 µm2 -area pMTJ, improving detectivity by ∼ 40x. This work demonstrates the promise of perpendicular MTJs for highly-scalable neural magnetic field sensing and the utility of employing vertical flux concentrators to improve device performance within an area-efficient form factor.
일반주제명  
Dielectric properties
일반주제명  
Neurons
일반주제명  
Transplants & implants
일반주제명  
Electrodes
일반주제명  
Memory
일반주제명  
Permeability
일반주제명  
Magnetic fields
일반주제명  
Plating
일반주제명  
Design
일반주제명  
Ion beams
일반주제명  
Electroencephalography
일반주제명  
Electric currents
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Surgery
일반주제명  
Electromagnetics
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aAli,  Ziad.
■24510▼aTowards  Neural  Magnetic  Field  Sensing  with  Vertical  Flux  Concentrator-Integrated  Perpendicular  MTJs
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a129  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Poon,  Ada  S.Y.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aBrain  implants  that  measure  neural  magnetic  fields,  rather  than  electrical  potentials,  are  expected  to  confer  significant  clinical  advantages  related  to  implant  longevity  and  signal  fidelity  due  to  the  elimination  of  the  electrode-tissue  interface.  However,  the  informational  differences  between  electrical  potentials  and  magnetic  fields  generated  by  spiking  cortical  neurons  remain  poorly  understood.  In  addition,  neural  magnetic  fields  are  minuscule,  and  no  technology  has  yet  achieved  sufficiently  good  noise,  sensitivity,  and  scalability  to  demonstrate  single-shot  neural  magnetic  field  recording.In  this  work,  we  first  analytically  explore  the  fundamental  properties  of  neural  magnetic  fields  at  the  cellular  level  and  then  computationally  demonstrate  that  their  informational  richness  facilitates  better  cell  identification  and  discrimination  than  electrical  potential  measurements.  We  then  explore  how  we  can  design  perpendicular  magnetic  tunnel  junction  (pMTJ)  sensors  to  detect  these  fields,  motivated  by  the  technological  maturity  and  high  scalability  of  pMTJ  memory  devices  as  well  as  the  lack  of  prior  research  into  measuring  out-of-plane  neural  fields.  We  redesign  the  free  layer  of  these  memory  devices  to  reconfigure  them  for  linear  sensing,  rather  than  switching,  and  achieve  a  literature-best  tunnel  magnetoresistance  ratio  of  150%.  To  enhance  device  detectivity,  we  introduce  a  vertical  flux  concentrator  (vFC)  architecture.  Using  finite-element  analysis,  we  demonstrate  that  the  vFC  effectively  amplifies  magnetic  fields  in  the  out-of-plane  direction,  achieving  detectivity  enhancements  comparable  to  conventional  in-plane  flux  concentrators  while  occupying  over  two  orders  of  magnitude  less  spatial  area.  To  overcome  the  challenges  of  fabricating  a  tall,  cantilevered,  high  aspect  ratio  structure  with  single-micron  alignment  accuracy,we  employ  a  plasma  focused  ion  beam  to  sculpt  our  150  µm2  -footprint  flux  concentrator  from  a  thin  film,  lift  it  out,  and  weld  it  to  our  1  µm2  -area  pMTJ,  improving  detectivity  by  ∼  40x.  This  work  demonstrates  the  promise  of  perpendicular  MTJs  for  highly-scalable  neural  magnetic  field  sensing  and  the  utility  of  employing  vertical  flux  concentrators  to  improve  device  performance  within  an  area-efficient  form  factor.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aDielectric  properties
■650  4▼aNeurons
■650  4▼aTransplants  &  implants
■650  4▼aElectrodes
■650  4▼aMemory
■650  4▼aPermeability
■650  4▼aMagnetic  fields
■650  4▼aPlating
■650  4▼aDesign
■650  4▼aIon  beams
■650  4▼aElectroencephalography
■650  4▼aElectric  currents
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aSurgery
■650  4▼aElectromagnetics
■690    ▼a0389
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0576
■690    ▼a0607
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360812▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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