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Defense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Phage and How the Phage Evolves to Overcome Inhibition
Defense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Phage and How the Phage Evolves to Overcome Inhibition
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103538
- ISBN
- 9798288863592
- DDC
- 576
- 서명/저자
- Defense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Phage and How the Phage Evolves to Overcome Inhibition
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 114 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Seed, Kimberley.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Bacteria and their viral predators, or phages, are locked in a co-evolutionary arms race where bacteria gain immune systems to inhibit phages, and phages counter-evolve to avoid inhibition. The bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae is estimated to cause up to 4 million cases of the diarrheal disease cholera yearly across the world, resulting in tens to hundreds of thousands of deaths. Given V. cholerae's global disease burden, studying factors that influence its evolution is imperative. Since the 1920s, scientists have hypothesized that phages drive the evolution of V. cholerae. In particular, the phage ICP1 is recognized as a dominant predator of V. cholerae as it has been co-isolated from cholera-positive stool samples since the early 2000s. Further illustrating their relationship, epidemic strains of V. cholerae have gained multiple bacterial immune systems specific to inhibiting the phage ICP1, which has, in turn, evolved to overcome inhibition.Isolates of V. cholerae from 2008-2009 resisted the phage ICP1 by an unknown mechanism, suggesting that V. cholerae had evolved in a manner previously unseen. Here, we identified two distinct phage immune systems, DarTG and Vc OLD, encoded by these V. cholerae isolates and found that they are solely responsible for preventing phage ICP1 propagation. Additionally, we determined that these immune systems work through different mechanisms and not synergistically. Previous work from Escherichia coli provided insight into how these systems work; however, whether these systems function similarly in V. cholerae and if the phage ICP1 evolves like E. coli phages to counter these immune systems had yet to be determined.In this work, we describe that both DarTG and Vc OLD function to inhibit the genome replication of the phage ICP1, similar to how phages are inhibited by these systems in E. coli. Further, we assess how ICP1 can counter-defend against both immune systems, discovering a novel counter-defense for each system. From our research, we identified AdfB, a protein that allows the phage ICP1 to propagate in the presence of the DarTG immune system by directly binding and inhibiting the effector protein, DarT. Moreover, we identified the protein Oad1, a direct counter-immune protein that prevents Vc OLD from inhibiting ICP1 genome replication.The co-evolutionary arms race between bacteria and phages is an important field of research as it illuminates how bacteria respond to certain environmental pressures. Additionally, discoveries from this field of research led to the discovery of CRISPR-Cas, a bacterial immune system that has revolutionized biotechnology. The studies presented here not only improve our understanding of how the global pathogen V. cholerae is evolving in the face of phages but also cement the phage ICP1 as a driver of its evolution. Furthermore, this research expands our knowledge of how phages overcome these immune systems in novel ways.
- 일반주제명
- Microbiology
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 일반주제명
- Virology
- 키워드
- Bacteriophage
- 키워드
- Vibrio cholerae
- 키워드
- Immune systems
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Public Health
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798288863592
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32040656
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a576
■1001 ▼aPatel, Kishen Mohan.
■24510▼aDefense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Phage and How the Phage Evolves to Overcome Inhibition
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a114 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Seed, Kimberley.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
■520 ▼aBacteria and their viral predators, or phages, are locked in a co-evolutionary arms race where bacteria gain immune systems to inhibit phages, and phages counter-evolve to avoid inhibition. The bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae is estimated to cause up to 4 million cases of the diarrheal disease cholera yearly across the world, resulting in tens to hundreds of thousands of deaths. Given V. cholerae's global disease burden, studying factors that influence its evolution is imperative. Since the 1920s, scientists have hypothesized that phages drive the evolution of V. cholerae. In particular, the phage ICP1 is recognized as a dominant predator of V. cholerae as it has been co-isolated from cholera-positive stool samples since the early 2000s. Further illustrating their relationship, epidemic strains of V. cholerae have gained multiple bacterial immune systems specific to inhibiting the phage ICP1, which has, in turn, evolved to overcome inhibition.Isolates of V. cholerae from 2008-2009 resisted the phage ICP1 by an unknown mechanism, suggesting that V. cholerae had evolved in a manner previously unseen. Here, we identified two distinct phage immune systems, DarTG and Vc OLD, encoded by these V. cholerae isolates and found that they are solely responsible for preventing phage ICP1 propagation. Additionally, we determined that these immune systems work through different mechanisms and not synergistically. Previous work from Escherichia coli provided insight into how these systems work; however, whether these systems function similarly in V. cholerae and if the phage ICP1 evolves like E. coli phages to counter these immune systems had yet to be determined.In this work, we describe that both DarTG and Vc OLD function to inhibit the genome replication of the phage ICP1, similar to how phages are inhibited by these systems in E. coli. Further, we assess how ICP1 can counter-defend against both immune systems, discovering a novel counter-defense for each system. From our research, we identified AdfB, a protein that allows the phage ICP1 to propagate in the presence of the DarTG immune system by directly binding and inhibiting the effector protein, DarT. Moreover, we identified the protein Oad1, a direct counter-immune protein that prevents Vc OLD from inhibiting ICP1 genome replication.The co-evolutionary arms race between bacteria and phages is an important field of research as it illuminates how bacteria respond to certain environmental pressures. Additionally, discoveries from this field of research led to the discovery of CRISPR-Cas, a bacterial immune system that has revolutionized biotechnology. The studies presented here not only improve our understanding of how the global pathogen V. cholerae is evolving in the face of phages but also cement the phage ICP1 as a driver of its evolution. Furthermore, this research expands our knowledge of how phages overcome these immune systems in novel ways.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aMicrobiology
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■650 4▼aVirology
■653 ▼aBacteriophage
■653 ▼aVibrio cholerae
■653 ▼aImmune systems
■690 ▼a0410
■690 ▼a0307
■690 ▼a0720
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bPublic Health.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01B.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357625▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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