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Defense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Phage and How the Phage Evolves to Overcome Inhibition
Defense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Ph...
Defense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Phage and How the Phage Evolves to Overcome Inhibition

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103538
ISBN  
9798288863592
DDC  
576
저자명  
Patel, Kishen Mohan.
서명/저자  
Defense and Counter-Defense: How a Genetic Element Encoded by Vibrio cholerae Restricts Phage and How the Phage Evolves to Overcome Inhibition
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
114 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Seed, Kimberley.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Bacteria and their viral predators, or phages, are locked in a co-evolutionary arms race where bacteria gain immune systems to inhibit phages, and phages counter-evolve to avoid inhibition. The bacterial pathogen Vibrio cholerae is estimated to cause up to 4 million cases of the diarrheal disease cholera yearly across the world, resulting in tens to hundreds of thousands of deaths. Given V. cholerae's global disease burden, studying factors that influence its evolution is imperative. Since the 1920s, scientists have hypothesized that phages drive the evolution of V. cholerae. In particular, the phage ICP1 is recognized as a dominant predator of V. cholerae as it has been co-isolated from cholera-positive stool samples since the early 2000s. Further illustrating their relationship, epidemic strains of V. cholerae have gained multiple bacterial immune systems specific to inhibiting the phage ICP1, which has, in turn, evolved to overcome inhibition.Isolates of V. cholerae from 2008-2009 resisted the phage ICP1 by an unknown mechanism, suggesting that V. cholerae had evolved in a manner previously unseen. Here, we identified two distinct phage immune systems, DarTG and Vc OLD, encoded by these V. cholerae isolates and found that they are solely responsible for preventing phage ICP1 propagation. Additionally, we determined that these immune systems work through different mechanisms and not synergistically. Previous work from Escherichia coli provided insight into how these systems work; however, whether these systems function similarly in V. cholerae and if the phage ICP1 evolves like E. coli phages to counter these immune systems had yet to be determined.In this work, we describe that both DarTG and Vc OLD function to inhibit the genome replication of the phage ICP1, similar to how phages are inhibited by these systems in E. coli. Further, we assess how ICP1 can counter-defend against both immune systems, discovering a novel counter-defense for each system. From our research, we identified AdfB, a protein that allows the phage ICP1 to propagate in the presence of the DarTG immune system by directly binding and inhibiting the effector protein, DarT. Moreover, we identified the protein Oad1, a direct counter-immune protein that prevents Vc OLD from inhibiting ICP1 genome replication.The co-evolutionary arms race between bacteria and phages is an important field of research as it illuminates how bacteria respond to certain environmental pressures. Additionally, discoveries from this field of research led to the discovery of CRISPR-Cas, a bacterial immune system that has revolutionized biotechnology. The studies presented here not only improve our understanding of how the global pathogen V. cholerae is evolving in the face of phages but also cement the phage ICP1 as a driver of its evolution. Furthermore, this research expands our knowledge of how phages overcome these immune systems in novel ways.
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Virology
키워드  
Bacteriophage
키워드  
Vibrio cholerae
키워드  
Immune systems
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Public Health
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aPatel,  Kishen  Mohan.
■24510▼aDefense  and  Counter-Defense:  How  a  Genetic  Element  Encoded  by  Vibrio  cholerae  Restricts  Phage  and  How  the  Phage  Evolves  to  Overcome  Inhibition
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a114  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Seed,  Kimberley.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aBacteria  and  their  viral  predators,  or  phages,  are  locked  in  a  co-evolutionary  arms  race  where  bacteria  gain  immune  systems  to  inhibit  phages,  and  phages  counter-evolve  to  avoid  inhibition.  The  bacterial  pathogen  Vibrio  cholerae  is  estimated  to  cause  up  to  4  million  cases  of  the  diarrheal  disease  cholera  yearly  across  the  world,  resulting  in  tens  to  hundreds  of  thousands  of  deaths.  Given  V.  cholerae's  global  disease  burden,  studying  factors  that  influence  its  evolution  is  imperative.  Since  the  1920s,  scientists  have  hypothesized  that  phages  drive  the  evolution  of  V.  cholerae.  In  particular,  the  phage  ICP1  is  recognized  as  a  dominant  predator  of  V.  cholerae  as  it  has  been  co-isolated  from  cholera-positive  stool  samples  since  the  early  2000s.  Further  illustrating  their  relationship,  epidemic  strains  of  V.  cholerae  have  gained  multiple  bacterial  immune  systems  specific  to  inhibiting  the  phage  ICP1,  which  has,  in  turn,  evolved  to  overcome  inhibition.Isolates  of  V.  cholerae  from  2008-2009  resisted  the  phage  ICP1  by  an  unknown  mechanism,  suggesting  that  V.  cholerae  had  evolved  in  a  manner  previously  unseen.  Here,  we  identified  two  distinct  phage  immune  systems,  DarTG  and  Vc  OLD,  encoded  by  these  V.  cholerae  isolates  and  found  that  they  are  solely  responsible  for  preventing  phage  ICP1  propagation.  Additionally,  we  determined  that  these  immune  systems  work  through  different  mechanisms  and  not  synergistically.  Previous  work  from  Escherichia  coli  provided  insight  into  how  these  systems  work;  however,  whether  these  systems  function  similarly  in  V.  cholerae  and  if  the  phage  ICP1  evolves  like  E.  coli  phages  to  counter  these  immune  systems  had  yet  to  be  determined.In  this  work,  we  describe  that  both  DarTG  and  Vc  OLD  function  to  inhibit  the  genome  replication  of  the  phage  ICP1,  similar  to  how  phages  are  inhibited  by  these  systems  in  E.  coli.  Further,  we  assess  how  ICP1  can  counter-defend  against  both  immune  systems,  discovering  a  novel  counter-defense  for  each  system.  From  our  research,  we  identified  AdfB,  a  protein  that  allows  the  phage  ICP1  to  propagate  in  the  presence  of  the  DarTG  immune  system  by  directly  binding  and  inhibiting  the  effector  protein,  DarT.  Moreover,  we  identified  the  protein  Oad1,  a  direct  counter-immune  protein  that  prevents  Vc  OLD  from  inhibiting  ICP1  genome  replication.The  co-evolutionary  arms  race  between  bacteria  and  phages  is  an  important  field  of  research  as  it  illuminates  how  bacteria  respond  to  certain  environmental  pressures.  Additionally,  discoveries  from  this  field  of  research  led  to  the  discovery  of  CRISPR-Cas,  a  bacterial  immune  system  that  has  revolutionized  biotechnology.  The  studies  presented  here  not  only  improve  our  understanding  of  how  the  global  pathogen  V.  cholerae  is  evolving  in  the  face  of  phages  but  also  cement  the  phage  ICP1  as  a  driver  of  its  evolution.  Furthermore,  this  research  expands  our  knowledge  of  how  phages  overcome  these  immune  systems  in  novel  ways.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aVirology
■653    ▼aBacteriophage
■653    ▼aVibrio  cholerae
■653    ▼aImmune  systems
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0307
■690    ▼a0720
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bPublic  Health.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357625▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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