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Exploration of Resilient Divertors in Stellarators
Exploration of Resilient Divertors in Stellarators
Exploration of Resilient Divertors in Stellarators

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104721
ISBN  
9798286497461
DDC  
530
저자명  
Garcia, Kelly Adriana.
서명/저자  
Exploration of Resilient Divertors in Stellarators
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
176 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Schmitz, Oliver;Bader, Aaron.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약A stable divertor concept is of significant importance for stellarator-based fusion energy. Optimized stellarator configurations will need stable divertors to withstand equilibrium changes which arise as plasma pressure is built up. The main focus of this work is the non-resonant divertor (NRD) as it is an alternative divertor solution to current stellarator divertors used in practice. NRDs separate the confined plasma from surrounding material structures. The intersection pattern of field lines with material surfaces, or divertor targets, is considered to be almost insensitive to plasma equilibrium effects. However, a complex scrape-off layer (SOL), which is created by a chaotic plasma boundary within the NRD geometry, connects the core plasma domain to the plasma facing surfaces (PFCs) through magnetic flux tubes of varying orders of magnitude length scales.The Compact Toroidal Hybrid (CTH) serves as a test-bed to explore NRD features in a simple circular wall geometry. This is done by scanning across several inductive current levels driven by the central solenoid of the device. Simulations observed a significant change of the chaotic magnetic edge structure along with an effective distance between the confined plasma region and the instrumented divertor wall target. At the same time, the helical intersection pattern of the field lines that strike the wall are contained within an overall narrow helical band. We identify this as a resilient strike line pattern. Within this pattern there are signatures of homoclinic and heteroclinic tangles that connect the interior island chains to the wall. These magnetic field structures are seen in heat flux modeling with the EMC3-EIRENE code to be governed by the long connection length LC of the field lines. At low inductive currents, the excursion of these field lines from the confined plasma is small and the configuration resembles a limited plasma wall scenario where a closed flux surface is intercepted by the PFC. For high inductive current levels of ≥ 6 kA, the helical strike line pattern splits into two bands and establishes a private magnetic flux region in between them. These bands act as divertor legs for the strike line pattern with distinct parallel particle flow SOL channels. These results demonstrate the NRD strike line pattern resiliency within CTH where the underlying chaotic field lines within the plasma boundary determine if the plasma wall scenario is diverted or limited.As CTH had a simple vessel geometry, we consider the Helically Symmetric eXperiment (HSX) to investigate the impact plasma shaping on resilient NRD divertor features in an optimized quasihelically symmetric (QHS) device. An expanded vessel wall was considered that would give space for implementation of a physical divertor target structure. The analysis was done for four different magnetic configurations with very different plasma edge behavior. A resilient strike line pattern was identified across all configurations by sampling the field lines' LC along the wall. This magnetic footprint calculation showed that the field lines along this helical intersection pattern have long LC. Further investigation into the details of the magnetic footprint's resilient helical band linked the magnetic structures in the edge with the field lines' radial penetration depth into the plasma. This analysis was carried out by introducing a new metric, the minimum radial connection of a field line from the last closed flux surface (LCFS) δN. The relationship, namely the deviation from an empirical scaling law, between the field lines' δN and LC suggested if field lines interacting with the wall are associated with structures such as resonant islands, cantori, and turnstiles. This helps determine the relevant magnetic flux channels based on the radial location of these chaotic edge structures and the divertor target footprint.The next step taken in HSX with this expanded wall was simulation of the basic plasma transport behavior with EMC3-EIRENE. We assessed SOL behavior to see if detachment, which is a desirable SOL regime for divertor performance, could be achieved on the bare wall and especially in the presence of open chaotic structures. By performing a scan of the upstream density nu, the modeled downstream quantities of temperature and density were connected to the overall power balance behavior as a function of nu. These quantities together suggest access into energy dissipative detachment. The high-recycling regime, however, was not obtained due to a lack of volumetric particle recombination and the simulated particle flux remained attached to the wall. Similar behavior of no observed high-recycling occurs in other stellarator devices and is, in general, a major research interest for NRD divertor performance. The simulated heat and particle flux on the wall location was also studied and found to be resilient on the wall. This is consistent with the results of field line following modeling. The EMC3-EIRENE work serves as a basis for future work into grid improvements for a deeper analysis into what is needed for a physical resilient divertor structure. For detachment access, this is important not only for identifying a mechanical structure(s) to improve volumetric particle recombination for detachment, but also for understanding other physics parameters necessary for detachment.Finally, the metrics developed and tested for CTH and HSX were applied to W7-X which is a quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarator. The magnetic configurations studied in W7-X are high-performance scenarios which were found by changing the rotational transform and shifting the $5/5$ island chain inward with respect to the standard island divertor configuration. The current in-vessel island divertor components were removed in order to explore the open field line behavior of these magnetic configurations with the wall as the main PFC. This analysis was also performed to scope out a resilient NRD-like mechanical structure. Despite both configurations not featuring an open chaotic layer like was observed in HSX, the field lines of the chosen magnetic configurations at the wall followed the empirical relationship consistent with the HSX investigation's findings. This was also the case when one of the configuration's plasma wall scenario was a limiter. The field line following analysis in W7-X demonstrates the importance in identifying a high-performance equilibria with NRD magnetic edge features. Moreover, this is relevant for low magnetic shear QI stellarators like W7-X which are susceptible to equilibrium effects that alter the magnetic edge structure and hence the divertor setup.
일반주제명  
Plasma physics
일반주제명  
Physics
일반주제명  
Nuclear engineering
일반주제명  
Electromagnetics
키워드  
Divertors
키워드  
Fusion
키워드  
Magnetic fields
키워드  
Scrape-off layer
키워드  
Stellarators
기타저자  
The University of Wisconsin - Madison Nuclear Engineering & Engineering Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aGarcia,  Kelly  Adriana.
■24510▼aExploration  of  Resilient  Divertors  in  Stellarators
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a176  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Schmitz,  Oliver;Bader,  Aaron.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison,  2025.
■520    ▼aA  stable  divertor  concept  is  of  significant  importance  for  stellarator-based  fusion  energy.  Optimized  stellarator  configurations  will  need  stable  divertors  to  withstand  equilibrium  changes  which  arise  as  plasma  pressure  is  built  up.  The  main  focus  of  this  work  is  the  non-resonant  divertor  (NRD)  as  it  is  an  alternative  divertor  solution  to  current  stellarator  divertors  used  in  practice.  NRDs  separate  the  confined  plasma  from  surrounding  material  structures.  The  intersection  pattern  of  field  lines  with  material  surfaces,  or  divertor  targets,  is  considered  to  be  almost  insensitive  to  plasma  equilibrium  effects.  However,  a  complex  scrape-off  layer  (SOL),  which  is  created  by  a  chaotic  plasma  boundary  within  the  NRD  geometry,  connects  the  core  plasma  domain  to  the  plasma  facing  surfaces  (PFCs)  through  magnetic  flux  tubes  of  varying  orders  of  magnitude  length  scales.The  Compact  Toroidal  Hybrid  (CTH)  serves  as  a  test-bed  to  explore  NRD  features  in  a  simple  circular  wall  geometry.  This  is  done  by  scanning  across  several  inductive  current  levels  driven  by  the  central  solenoid  of  the  device.  Simulations  observed  a  significant  change  of  the  chaotic  magnetic  edge  structure  along  with  an  effective  distance  between  the  confined  plasma  region  and  the  instrumented  divertor  wall  target.  At  the  same  time,  the  helical  intersection  pattern  of  the  field  lines  that  strike  the  wall  are  contained  within  an  overall  narrow  helical  band.  We  identify  this  as  a  resilient  strike  line  pattern.  Within  this  pattern  there  are  signatures  of  homoclinic  and  heteroclinic  tangles  that  connect  the  interior  island  chains  to  the  wall.  These  magnetic  field  structures  are  seen  in  heat  flux  modeling  with  the  EMC3-EIRENE  code  to  be  governed  by  the  long  connection  length  LC  of  the  field  lines.  At  low  inductive  currents,  the  excursion  of  these  field  lines  from  the  confined  plasma  is  small  and  the  configuration  resembles  a  limited  plasma  wall  scenario  where  a  closed  flux  surface  is  intercepted  by  the  PFC.  For  high  inductive  current  levels  of  ≥  6  kA,  the  helical  strike  line  pattern  splits  into  two  bands  and  establishes  a  private  magnetic  flux  region  in  between  them.  These  bands  act  as  divertor  legs  for  the  strike  line  pattern  with  distinct  parallel  particle  flow  SOL  channels.  These  results  demonstrate  the  NRD  strike  line  pattern  resiliency  within  CTH  where  the  underlying  chaotic  field  lines  within  the  plasma  boundary  determine  if  the  plasma  wall  scenario  is  diverted  or  limited.As  CTH  had  a  simple  vessel  geometry,  we  consider  the  Helically  Symmetric  eXperiment  (HSX)  to  investigate  the  impact  plasma  shaping  on  resilient  NRD  divertor  features  in  an  optimized  quasihelically  symmetric  (QHS)  device.  An  expanded  vessel  wall  was  considered  that  would  give  space  for  implementation  of  a  physical  divertor  target  structure.  The  analysis  was  done  for  four  different  magnetic  configurations  with  very  different  plasma  edge  behavior.  A  resilient  strike  line  pattern  was  identified  across  all  configurations  by  sampling  the  field  lines'  LC  along  the  wall.  This  magnetic  footprint  calculation  showed  that  the  field  lines  along  this  helical  intersection  pattern  have  long  LC.  Further  investigation  into  the  details  of  the  magnetic  footprint's  resilient  helical  band  linked  the  magnetic  structures  in  the  edge  with  the  field  lines'  radial  penetration  depth  into  the  plasma.  This  analysis  was  carried  out  by  introducing  a  new  metric,  the  minimum  radial  connection  of  a  field  line  from  the  last  closed  flux  surface  (LCFS)  δN.  The  relationship,  namely  the  deviation  from  an  empirical  scaling  law,  between  the  field  lines'  δN  and  LC  suggested  if  field  lines  interacting  with  the  wall  are  associated  with  structures  such  as  resonant  islands,  cantori,  and  turnstiles.  This  helps  determine  the  relevant  magnetic  flux  channels  based  on  the  radial  location  of  these  chaotic  edge  structures  and  the  divertor  target  footprint.The  next  step  taken  in  HSX  with  this  expanded  wall  was  simulation  of  the  basic  plasma  transport  behavior  with  EMC3-EIRENE.  We  assessed  SOL  behavior  to  see  if  detachment,  which  is  a  desirable  SOL  regime  for  divertor  performance,  could  be  achieved  on  the  bare  wall  and  especially  in  the  presence  of  open  chaotic  structures.  By  performing  a  scan  of  the  upstream  density  nu,  the  modeled  downstream  quantities  of  temperature  and  density  were  connected  to  the  overall  power  balance  behavior  as  a  function  of  nu.  These  quantities  together  suggest  access  into  energy  dissipative  detachment.  The  high-recycling  regime,  however,  was  not  obtained  due  to  a  lack  of  volumetric  particle  recombination  and  the  simulated  particle  flux  remained  attached  to  the  wall.  Similar  behavior  of  no  observed  high-recycling  occurs  in  other  stellarator  devices  and  is,  in  general,  a  major  research  interest  for  NRD  divertor  performance.  The  simulated  heat  and  particle  flux  on  the  wall  location  was  also  studied  and  found  to  be  resilient  on  the  wall.  This  is  consistent  with  the  results  of  field  line  following  modeling.  The  EMC3-EIRENE  work  serves  as  a  basis  for  future  work  into  grid  improvements  for  a  deeper  analysis  into  what  is  needed  for  a  physical  resilient  divertor  structure.  For  detachment  access,  this  is  important  not  only  for  identifying  a  mechanical  structure(s)  to  improve  volumetric  particle  recombination  for  detachment,  but  also  for  understanding  other  physics  parameters  necessary  for  detachment.Finally,  the  metrics  developed  and  tested  for  CTH  and  HSX  were  applied  to  W7-X  which  is  a  quasi-isodynamic  (QI)  stellarator.  The  magnetic  configurations  studied  in  W7-X  are  high-performance  scenarios  which  were  found  by  changing  the  rotational  transform  and  shifting  the  $5/5$  island  chain  inward  with  respect  to  the  standard  island  divertor  configuration.  The  current  in-vessel  island  divertor  components  were  removed  in  order  to  explore  the  open  field  line  behavior  of  these  magnetic  configurations  with  the  wall  as  the  main  PFC.  This  analysis  was  also  performed  to  scope  out  a  resilient  NRD-like  mechanical  structure.  Despite  both  configurations  not  featuring  an  open  chaotic  layer  like  was  observed  in  HSX,  the  field  lines  of  the  chosen  magnetic  configurations  at  the  wall  followed  the  empirical  relationship  consistent  with  the  HSX  investigation's  findings.  This  was  also  the  case  when  one  of  the  configuration's  plasma  wall  scenario  was  a  limiter.  The  field  line  following  analysis  in  W7-X  demonstrates  the  importance  in  identifying  a  high-performance  equilibria  with  NRD  magnetic  edge  features.  Moreover,  this  is  relevant  for  low  magnetic  shear  QI  stellarators  like  W7-X  which  are  susceptible  to  equilibrium  effects  that  alter  the  magnetic  edge  structure  and  hence  the  divertor  setup.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0262.
■650  4▼aPlasma  physics
■650  4▼aPhysics
■650  4▼aNuclear  engineering
■650  4▼aElectromagnetics
■653    ▼aDivertors
■653    ▼aFusion
■653    ▼aMagnetic  fields
■653    ▼aScrape-off  layer
■653    ▼aStellarators
■690    ▼a0759
■690    ▼a0605
■690    ▼a0552
■690    ▼a0607
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Wisconsin  -  Madison▼bNuclear  Engineering  &  Engineering  Physics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0262
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358576▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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