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Transport and Energization of Heavy Ions in Earth's High Latitude Ionosphere
Transport and Energization of Heavy Ions in Earth's High Latitude Ionosphere
Transport and Energization of Heavy Ions in Earth's High Latitude Ionosphere

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105247
ISBN  
9798291574614
DDC  
530
저자명  
Lin, Mei-Yun.
서명/저자  
Transport and Energization of Heavy Ions in Earths High Latitude Ionosphere
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
313 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ilie, Raluca.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약Changes in the plasma composition in the terrestrial environment regulate the interactions between the Earth's electromagnetic environment and the solar wind. Ions with larger masses but low-charge states play a crucial role in controlling the mass and energy flow from the low-altitude atmosphere and significantly impact the dynamics and morphology of near-Earth current systems. The presence of heavy ions alters the mass loading of the plasma, affects wave generation and propagation, and impacts the formation and transport of other energetic ion populations. Identifying the processes responsible for particle energization is one of the open questions in Heliophysics research, whether it pertains to coronal heating, polar wind outflow, or magnetospheric transport. Furthermore, it holds the key to understanding the response of the Earth's terrestrial environment to solar wind driving.Atomic N+ and O+, as well as molecular N2+, NO+ and O2+ ions, are the major species in the Earth's low-altitude atmosphere. While numerous studies have focused on the dynamics of the ionospheric O+ ions, the relative contribution of outflowing N+ and molecular ion species to the ionospheric outflow is not understood at this time due to the limiting capabilities of instruments flying in space to distinguish between the two species. Albeit limited, the existing observational records suggest that outflowing N+ are constant companions of O+ ions at all times. Moreover, during geomagnetically active times, the presence of outflowing molecular ions was often accompanied by a high ratio of N+/O+ in the near-Earth plasma. However, the transport and energization of N+ and molecular ions from a few hundred to hundreds of thousands of kilometers have yet to be discovered, and limited knowledge of their circulations in the terrestrial environment is currently available.This thesis presents the first physics-based numerical model, the Seven ions Polar Wind Outflow Model (7iPWOM), that solves and tracks the evolution of all relevant ion species (H+, He+, N+, O+, N2+, NO+, and O2+) in the ionosphere. Numerical simulations based on this newly developed model provided insight into what controls the global and local dynamical changes in the ionospheric plasma composition and determined the energization mechanisms responsible for their vertical transport from the high latitude atmosphere to the near-Earth space. The 7iPWOM solves the gyrotropic transport equations from two hundred to a thousand kilometers in the ionosphere and transitions to a kinetic approach in the high-altitude regions. To account for and describe the dynamics of N+ N2+, NO+, and O2+ ions in the high latitude ionosphere, advanced schemes for production and energization mechanisms, including ion-electron-neutral chemistry and collisions, suprathermal electron impact, and resonance wave heating, have been developed and implemented in the model. Moreover, a global solution of the ionospheric outflow was obtained by modeling the transport and energization of this cold plasma, both across the polar cap and from low to high altitudes along magnetic flux tubes involving thousands of magnetic field lines.To assess the contribution of N+ to the ionospheric outflow, a series of numerical simulations was designed to probe the influence of season, solar activity, and various geomagnetic activity conditions. These simulations demonstrated the critical role N+ ions play in the ionospheric outflow for all conditions: independent of illumination, season, and solar conditions, the presence of N+ ions in the polar wind significantly alters the solution of all other species while providing an excellent prediction of the polar wind solution as compared with observations. Furthermore, the results of a parameter study using the kinetic version of 7iPWOM have revealed place bounds on the efficacy of resonant wave-particle interaction. These numerical experiments suggest that heavier ion species are highly sensitive to the wave spectrum and display the so-called "valve" effect: a minimum threshold in wave energy is needed to loft the molecular ions against the Earth's gravitational potential. Due to the limited supply of molecular ions from the ionosphere, their abundance and fluxes are regulated by the timescale of production and loss at lower altitudes as well as the composition of the ionospheric plasma, while the wave energy mainly controls how far up molecular ions are transported.Finally, this thesis is complemented by a series of studies that contribute to promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion within the Space Science community. The preceding research endeavors encompass an exploration of the challenges faced by underrepresented gender groups in STEM fields and a comprehensive review of potential remedies. Furthermore, a survey was conducted within an engineering department at a U.S. university, and a pilot study was implemented to evaluate the impact of a DEI initiative on the motivation of gender-minority students to pursue research careers.
일반주제명  
Plasma physics
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Geophysics
일반주제명  
Astronomy
키워드  
Ion outflow
키워드  
Atmospheric escape
키워드  
Polar wind
키워드  
Heavy ions
키워드  
Molecular ions
기타저자  
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Electrical & Computer Eng
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aLin,  Mei-Yun.
■24510▼aTransport  and  Energization  of  Heavy  Ions  in  Earth's  High  Latitude  Ionosphere
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a313  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ilie,  Raluca.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign,  2023.
■520    ▼aChanges  in  the  plasma  composition  in  the  terrestrial  environment  regulate  the  interactions  between  the  Earth's  electromagnetic  environment  and  the  solar  wind.  Ions  with  larger  masses  but  low-charge  states  play  a  crucial  role  in  controlling  the  mass  and  energy  flow  from  the  low-altitude  atmosphere  and  significantly  impact  the  dynamics  and  morphology  of  near-Earth  current  systems.  The  presence  of  heavy  ions  alters  the  mass  loading  of  the  plasma,  affects  wave  generation  and  propagation,  and  impacts  the  formation  and  transport  of  other  energetic  ion  populations.  Identifying  the  processes  responsible  for  particle  energization  is  one  of  the  open  questions  in  Heliophysics  research,  whether  it  pertains  to  coronal  heating,  polar  wind  outflow,  or  magnetospheric  transport.  Furthermore,  it  holds  the  key  to  understanding  the  response  of  the  Earth's  terrestrial  environment  to  solar  wind  driving.Atomic  N+  and  O+,  as  well  as  molecular  N2+,  NO+  and  O2+  ions,  are  the  major  species  in  the  Earth's  low-altitude  atmosphere.  While  numerous  studies  have  focused  on  the  dynamics  of  the  ionospheric  O+  ions,  the  relative  contribution  of  outflowing  N+  and  molecular  ion  species  to  the  ionospheric  outflow  is  not  understood  at  this  time  due  to  the  limiting  capabilities  of  instruments  flying  in  space  to  distinguish  between  the  two  species.  Albeit  limited,  the  existing  observational  records  suggest  that  outflowing  N+  are  constant  companions  of  O+  ions  at  all  times.  Moreover,  during  geomagnetically  active  times,  the  presence  of  outflowing  molecular  ions  was  often  accompanied  by  a  high  ratio  of  N+/O+  in  the  near-Earth  plasma.  However,  the  transport  and  energization  of  N+  and  molecular  ions  from  a  few  hundred  to  hundreds  of  thousands  of  kilometers  have  yet  to  be  discovered,  and  limited  knowledge  of  their  circulations  in  the  terrestrial  environment  is  currently  available.This  thesis  presents  the  first  physics-based  numerical  model,  the  Seven  ions  Polar  Wind  Outflow  Model  (7iPWOM),  that  solves  and  tracks  the  evolution  of  all  relevant  ion  species  (H+,  He+,  N+,  O+,  N2+,  NO+,  and  O2+)  in  the  ionosphere.  Numerical  simulations  based  on  this  newly  developed  model  provided  insight  into  what  controls  the  global  and  local  dynamical  changes  in  the  ionospheric  plasma  composition  and  determined  the  energization  mechanisms  responsible  for  their  vertical  transport  from  the  high  latitude  atmosphere  to  the  near-Earth  space.  The  7iPWOM  solves  the  gyrotropic  transport  equations  from  two  hundred  to  a  thousand  kilometers  in  the  ionosphere  and  transitions  to  a  kinetic  approach  in  the  high-altitude  regions.  To  account  for  and  describe  the  dynamics  of  N+  N2+,  NO+,  and  O2+  ions  in  the  high  latitude  ionosphere,  advanced  schemes  for  production  and  energization  mechanisms,  including  ion-electron-neutral  chemistry  and  collisions,  suprathermal  electron  impact,  and  resonance  wave  heating,  have  been  developed  and  implemented  in  the  model.  Moreover,  a  global  solution  of  the  ionospheric  outflow  was  obtained  by  modeling  the  transport  and  energization  of  this  cold  plasma,  both  across  the  polar  cap  and  from  low  to  high  altitudes  along  magnetic  flux  tubes  involving  thousands  of  magnetic  field  lines.To  assess  the  contribution  of  N+  to  the  ionospheric  outflow,  a  series  of  numerical  simulations  was  designed  to  probe  the  influence  of  season,  solar  activity,  and  various  geomagnetic  activity  conditions.  These  simulations  demonstrated  the  critical  role  N+  ions  play  in  the  ionospheric  outflow  for  all  conditions:  independent  of  illumination,  season,  and  solar  conditions,  the  presence  of  N+  ions  in  the  polar  wind  significantly  alters  the  solution  of  all  other  species  while  providing  an  excellent  prediction  of  the  polar  wind  solution  as  compared  with  observations.  Furthermore,  the  results  of  a  parameter  study  using  the  kinetic  version  of  7iPWOM  have  revealed  place  bounds  on  the  efficacy  of  resonant  wave-particle  interaction.  These  numerical  experiments  suggest  that  heavier  ion  species  are  highly  sensitive  to  the  wave  spectrum  and  display  the  so-called  "valve"  effect:  a  minimum  threshold  in  wave  energy  is  needed  to  loft  the  molecular  ions  against  the  Earth's  gravitational  potential.  Due  to  the  limited  supply  of  molecular  ions  from  the  ionosphere,  their  abundance  and  fluxes  are  regulated  by  the  timescale  of  production  and  loss  at  lower  altitudes  as  well  as  the  composition  of  the  ionospheric  plasma,  while  the  wave  energy  mainly  controls  how  far  up  molecular  ions  are  transported.Finally,  this  thesis  is  complemented  by  a  series  of  studies  that  contribute  to  promoting  Diversity,  Equity,  and  Inclusion  within  the  Space  Science  community.  The  preceding  research  endeavors  encompass  an  exploration  of  the  challenges  faced  by  underrepresented  gender  groups  in  STEM  fields  and  a  comprehensive  review  of  potential  remedies.  Furthermore,  a  survey  was  conducted  within  an  engineering  department  at  a  U.S.  university,  and  a  pilot  study  was  implemented  to  evaluate  the  impact  of  a  DEI  initiative  on  the  motivation  of  gender-minority  students  to  pursue  research  careers.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0090.
■650  4▼aPlasma  physics
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■650  4▼aAstronomy
■653    ▼aIon  outflow
■653    ▼aAtmospheric  escape
■653    ▼aPolar  wind
■653    ▼aHeavy  ions
■653    ▼aMolecular  ions
■690    ▼a0759
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0373
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Illinois  at  Urbana-Champaign▼bElectrical  &  Computer  Eng.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
■790    ▼a0090
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359991▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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