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Differential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes
Differential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105626
- ISBN
- 9798265428721
- DDC
- 576.8
- 서명/저자
- Differential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : Stanford University, 2023
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
- 형태사항
- 121 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Includes supplementary digital materials.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Sonnenburg, Erica;Sonnenburg, Justin.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
- 초록/해제
- 요약The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in multiple aspects of human health. Microbes begin to colonize the intestinal tract at birth and help prime the immune system (1 -3 ). Throughout our lives they serve as living protection against invasion by pathogenic organisms(4 -7 ), process components of our diets that we cannot break down(8 -10 ), and communicate with the host via direct interactions with the immune system(11 -15 ), by secreting metabolites into the blood(16 , 17 ), and through interactions with the nervous system(18 -20 ). While it is known that gut bacteria are important for maintaining homeostasis in the gut as well as host health overall, we are just beginning to get a sense of the many biological interactions occurring between various species of bacteria and the host they inhabit(21 -24 )The composition of the human gut microbiota changes in response to shifts in host lifestyle. Populations around the world exhibit microbial signatures indicative of the extent of industrialization, defined as the product of the specialization and individualization of skills over time, leading to 1) diets that are low in fiber and highly processed, high rates of 2) antibiotic administration, and 3) Cesarean section and use of baby formula, 4) sanitation of the living environment, and 5) reduced physical contact with animals and soil(25 -27 ). The industrialized gut microbiota is therefore a product of a series of extinctions, where once-dominant microbes disappear from the community and are replaced by less dominant or new taxa(21 ). The process of industrialization has transformed the gut as an ecological landscape, likely through a number of factors including diet, antibiotics, and sanitation (e.g., decreased access to natural microbial reservoirs).As human populations adopt an industrialized lifestyle, their microbiotas show a decrease in the prevalence of Prevotella and an increase in prevalence of Bacteroides(28 , 29 ). Underlying this change in prevalence at the population level is a pattern of changes in individuals-people experiencing industrialization show a lower relative abundance of Prevotella, and a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides(25 , 27 , 30 ) A tradeoff between Prevotella and Bacteroides-defined as the decline in Prevotella and increase in Bacteroides - is a key signature of the shift to an industrialized microbiota.A key question is what environmental factors associated with industrialization tilt the balance in favor of Bacteroides at the expense of Prevotella. Explorations of this question have historically been one-sided; Bacteroides are one of the most well-studied genera within the gut microbiome(31 , 32 ).Prevotella, in comparison, is relatively understudied. First described in 1990, it has not received the same scientific attention as Bacteroides(33 ). This is due at least in part to its prevalence patterns-Prevotella is more prevalent and abundant in populations that are under-sampled and under-sequenced(34 )-but it is also due to a lack of scientific tools developed to work with them. Relative to Bacteroides, Prevotella is more fastidious, more sensitive to oxygen and pH, its genomes are harder to assemble(35 ), its genetic tools are in their infancy(36 ), and it is resistant to colonization in mice. I have overcome this last challenge, which has allowed me to explore Prevotella-host interactions in vivo. Here we employ a number of approaches including a gnotobiotic mouse model to investigate the relationship between gut Prevotella and their host environment.
- 일반주제명
- Phylogenetics
- 일반주제명
- Salmonella
- 일반주제명
- Carbohydrates
- 일반주제명
- Bacteria
- 일반주제명
- Fatty acids
- 일반주제명
- Hunter-gatherers
- 일반주제명
- Diet
- 일반주제명
- Genomes
- 일반주제명
- Biology
- 일반주제명
- E coli
- 일반주제명
- Metabolism
- 일반주제명
- Genetic diversity
- 일반주제명
- Gastrointestinal surgery
- 일반주제명
- Antibiotics
- 일반주제명
- Gut microbiota
- 일반주제명
- Dietary fiber
- 일반주제명
- Taxonomy
- 일반주제명
- Metabolites
- 일반주제명
- Genetics
- 일반주제명
- Medicine
- 일반주제명
- Microbiology
- 일반주제명
- Nutrition
- 일반주제명
- Pharmaceutical sciences
- 일반주제명
- Surgery
- 기타저자
- Stanford University.
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■0820 ▼a576.8
■1001 ▼aGellman, Rebecca.
■24510▼aDifferential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford University▼c2023
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2023
■300 ▼a121 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
■500 ▼aIncludes supplementary digital materials.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Sonnenburg, Erica;Sonnenburg, Justin.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
■520 ▼aThe gut microbiota plays a crucial role in multiple aspects of human health. Microbes begin to colonize the intestinal tract at birth and help prime the immune system (1 -3 ). Throughout our lives they serve as living protection against invasion by pathogenic organisms(4 -7 ), process components of our diets that we cannot break down(8 -10 ), and communicate with the host via direct interactions with the immune system(11 -15 ), by secreting metabolites into the blood(16 , 17 ), and through interactions with the nervous system(18 -20 ). While it is known that gut bacteria are important for maintaining homeostasis in the gut as well as host health overall, we are just beginning to get a sense of the many biological interactions occurring between various species of bacteria and the host they inhabit(21 -24 )The composition of the human gut microbiota changes in response to shifts in host lifestyle. Populations around the world exhibit microbial signatures indicative of the extent of industrialization, defined as the product of the specialization and individualization of skills over time, leading to 1) diets that are low in fiber and highly processed, high rates of 2) antibiotic administration, and 3) Cesarean section and use of baby formula, 4) sanitation of the living environment, and 5) reduced physical contact with animals and soil(25 -27 ). The industrialized gut microbiota is therefore a product of a series of extinctions, where once-dominant microbes disappear from the community and are replaced by less dominant or new taxa(21 ). The process of industrialization has transformed the gut as an ecological landscape, likely through a number of factors including diet, antibiotics, and sanitation (e.g., decreased access to natural microbial reservoirs).As human populations adopt an industrialized lifestyle, their microbiotas show a decrease in the prevalence of Prevotella and an increase in prevalence of Bacteroides(28 , 29 ). Underlying this change in prevalence at the population level is a pattern of changes in individuals-people experiencing industrialization show a lower relative abundance of Prevotella, and a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides(25 , 27 , 30 ) A tradeoff between Prevotella and Bacteroides-defined as the decline in Prevotella and increase in Bacteroides - is a key signature of the shift to an industrialized microbiota.A key question is what environmental factors associated with industrialization tilt the balance in favor of Bacteroides at the expense of Prevotella. Explorations of this question have historically been one-sided; Bacteroides are one of the most well-studied genera within the gut microbiome(31 , 32 ).Prevotella, in comparison, is relatively understudied. First described in 1990, it has not received the same scientific attention as Bacteroides(33 ). This is due at least in part to its prevalence patterns-Prevotella is more prevalent and abundant in populations that are under-sampled and under-sequenced(34 )-but it is also due to a lack of scientific tools developed to work with them. Relative to Bacteroides, Prevotella is more fastidious, more sensitive to oxygen and pH, its genomes are harder to assemble(35 ), its genetic tools are in their infancy(36 ), and it is resistant to colonization in mice. I have overcome this last challenge, which has allowed me to explore Prevotella-host interactions in vivo. Here we employ a number of approaches including a gnotobiotic mouse model to investigate the relationship between gut Prevotella and their host environment.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0212.
■650 4▼aPhylogenetics
■650 4▼aSalmonella
■650 4▼aCarbohydrates
■650 4▼aBacteria
■650 4▼aFatty acids
■650 4▼aHunter-gatherers
■650 4▼aDiet
■650 4▼aGenomes
■650 4▼aBiology
■650 4▼aE coli
■650 4▼aMetabolism
■650 4▼aGenetic diversity
■650 4▼aGastrointestinal surgery
■650 4▼aAntibiotics
■650 4▼aGut microbiota
■650 4▼aDietary fiber
■650 4▼aTaxonomy
■650 4▼aMetabolites
■650 4▼aGenetics
■650 4▼aMedicine
■650 4▼aMicrobiology
■650 4▼aNutrition
■650 4▼aPharmaceutical sciences
■650 4▼aSurgery
■690 ▼a0306
■690 ▼a0369
■690 ▼a0564
■690 ▼a0410
■690 ▼a0570
■690 ▼a0572
■690 ▼a0576
■71020▼aStanford University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-05B.
■790 ▼a0212
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2023
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360836▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


