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Differential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes
Differential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes
Differential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105626
ISBN  
9798265428721
DDC  
576.8
저자명  
Gellman, Rebecca.
서명/저자  
Differential Carbohydrate Metabolism Shapes Gut Colonization By Bacteroidetes
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2023
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
형태사항  
121 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Sonnenburg, Erica;Sonnenburg, Justin.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.
초록/해제  
요약The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in multiple aspects of human health. Microbes begin to colonize the intestinal tract at birth and help prime the immune system (1 -3 ). Throughout our lives they serve as living protection against invasion by pathogenic organisms(4 -7 ), process components of our diets that we cannot break down(8 -10 ), and communicate with the host via direct interactions with the immune system(11 -15 ), by secreting metabolites into the blood(16 , 17 ), and through interactions with the nervous system(18 -20 ). While it is known that gut bacteria are important for maintaining homeostasis in the gut as well as host health overall, we are just beginning to get a sense of the many biological interactions occurring between various species of bacteria and the host they inhabit(21 -24 )The composition of the human gut microbiota changes in response to shifts in host lifestyle. Populations around the world exhibit microbial signatures indicative of the extent of industrialization, defined as the product of the specialization and individualization of skills over time, leading to 1) diets that are low in fiber and highly processed, high rates of 2) antibiotic administration, and 3) Cesarean section and use of baby formula, 4) sanitation of the living environment, and 5) reduced physical contact with animals and soil(25 -27 ). The industrialized gut microbiota is therefore a product of a series of extinctions, where once-dominant microbes disappear from the community and are replaced by less dominant or new taxa(21 ). The process of industrialization has transformed the gut as an ecological landscape, likely through a number of factors including diet, antibiotics, and sanitation (e.g., decreased access to natural microbial reservoirs).As human populations adopt an industrialized lifestyle, their microbiotas show a decrease in the prevalence of Prevotella and an increase in prevalence of Bacteroides(28 , 29 ). Underlying this change in prevalence at the population level is a pattern of changes in individuals-people experiencing industrialization show a lower relative abundance of Prevotella, and a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides(25 , 27 , 30 ) A tradeoff between Prevotella and Bacteroides-defined as the decline in Prevotella and increase in Bacteroides - is a key signature of the shift to an industrialized microbiota.A key question is what environmental factors associated with industrialization tilt the balance in favor of Bacteroides at the expense of Prevotella. Explorations of this question have historically been one-sided; Bacteroides are one of the most well-studied genera within the gut microbiome(31 , 32 ).Prevotella, in comparison, is relatively understudied. First described in 1990, it has not received the same scientific attention as Bacteroides(33 ). This is due at least in part to its prevalence patterns-Prevotella is more prevalent and abundant in populations that are under-sampled and under-sequenced(34 )-but it is also due to a lack of scientific tools developed to work with them. Relative to Bacteroides, Prevotella is more fastidious, more sensitive to oxygen and pH, its genomes are harder to assemble(35 ), its genetic tools are in their infancy(36 ), and it is resistant to colonization in mice. I have overcome this last challenge, which has allowed me to explore Prevotella-host interactions in vivo. Here we employ a number of approaches including a gnotobiotic mouse model to investigate the relationship between gut Prevotella and their host environment.
일반주제명  
Phylogenetics
일반주제명  
Salmonella
일반주제명  
Carbohydrates
일반주제명  
Bacteria
일반주제명  
Fatty acids
일반주제명  
Hunter-gatherers
일반주제명  
Diet
일반주제명  
Genomes
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
E coli
일반주제명  
Metabolism
일반주제명  
Genetic diversity
일반주제명  
Gastrointestinal surgery
일반주제명  
Antibiotics
일반주제명  
Gut microbiota
일반주제명  
Dietary fiber
일반주제명  
Taxonomy
일반주제명  
Metabolites
일반주제명  
Genetics
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Microbiology
일반주제명  
Nutrition
일반주제명  
Pharmaceutical sciences
일반주제명  
Surgery
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■24510▼aDifferential  Carbohydrate  Metabolism  Shapes  Gut  Colonization  By  Bacteroidetes
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■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Sonnenburg,  Erica;Sonnenburg,  Justin.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2023.
■520    ▼aThe  gut  microbiota  plays  a  crucial  role  in  multiple  aspects  of  human  health.  Microbes  begin  to  colonize  the  intestinal  tract  at  birth  and  help  prime  the  immune  system  (1  -3  ).  Throughout  our  lives  they  serve  as  living  protection  against  invasion  by  pathogenic  organisms(4  -7  ),  process  components  of  our  diets  that  we  cannot  break  down(8  -10  ),  and  communicate  with  the  host  via  direct  interactions  with  the  immune  system(11  -15  ),  by  secreting  metabolites  into  the  blood(16  ,  17  ),  and  through  interactions  with  the  nervous  system(18  -20  ).  While  it  is  known  that  gut  bacteria  are  important  for  maintaining  homeostasis  in  the  gut  as  well  as  host  health  overall,  we  are  just  beginning  to  get  a  sense  of  the  many  biological  interactions  occurring  between  various  species  of  bacteria  and  the  host  they  inhabit(21  -24  )The  composition  of  the  human  gut  microbiota  changes  in  response  to  shifts  in  host  lifestyle.  Populations  around  the  world  exhibit  microbial  signatures  indicative  of  the  extent  of  industrialization,  defined  as  the  product  of  the  specialization  and  individualization  of  skills  over  time,  leading  to  1)  diets  that  are  low  in  fiber  and  highly  processed,  high  rates  of  2)  antibiotic  administration,  and  3)  Cesarean  section  and  use  of  baby  formula,  4)  sanitation  of  the  living  environment,  and  5)  reduced  physical  contact  with  animals  and  soil(25  -27  ).  The  industrialized  gut  microbiota  is  therefore  a  product  of  a  series  of  extinctions,  where  once-dominant  microbes  disappear  from  the  community  and  are  replaced  by  less  dominant  or  new  taxa(21  ).  The  process  of  industrialization  has  transformed  the  gut  as  an  ecological  landscape,  likely  through  a  number  of  factors  including  diet,  antibiotics,  and  sanitation  (e.g.,  decreased  access  to  natural  microbial  reservoirs).As  human  populations  adopt  an  industrialized  lifestyle,  their  microbiotas  show  a  decrease  in  the  prevalence  of  Prevotella  and  an  increase  in  prevalence  of  Bacteroides(28  ,  29  ).  Underlying  this  change  in  prevalence  at  the  population  level  is  a  pattern  of  changes  in  individuals-people  experiencing  industrialization  show  a  lower  relative  abundance  of  Prevotella,  and  a  higher  relative  abundance  of  Bacteroides(25  ,  27  ,  30  )  A  tradeoff  between  Prevotella  and  Bacteroides-defined  as  the  decline  in  Prevotella  and  increase  in  Bacteroides  -  is  a  key  signature  of  the  shift  to  an  industrialized  microbiota.A  key  question  is  what  environmental  factors  associated  with  industrialization  tilt  the  balance  in  favor  of  Bacteroides  at  the  expense  of  Prevotella.  Explorations  of  this  question  have  historically  been  one-sided;  Bacteroides  are  one  of  the  most  well-studied  genera  within  the  gut  microbiome(31  ,  32  ).Prevotella,  in  comparison,  is  relatively  understudied.  First  described  in  1990,  it  has  not  received  the  same  scientific  attention  as  Bacteroides(33  ).  This  is  due  at  least  in  part  to  its  prevalence  patterns-Prevotella  is  more  prevalent  and  abundant  in  populations  that  are  under-sampled  and  under-sequenced(34  )-but  it  is  also  due  to  a  lack  of  scientific  tools  developed  to  work  with  them.  Relative  to  Bacteroides,  Prevotella  is  more  fastidious,  more  sensitive  to  oxygen  and  pH,  its  genomes  are  harder  to  assemble(35  ),  its  genetic  tools  are  in  their  infancy(36  ),  and  it  is  resistant  to  colonization  in  mice.  I  have  overcome  this  last  challenge,  which  has  allowed  me  to  explore  Prevotella-host  interactions  in  vivo.  Here  we  employ  a  number  of  approaches  including  a  gnotobiotic  mouse  model  to  investigate  the  relationship  between  gut  Prevotella  and  their  host  environment.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aPhylogenetics
■650  4▼aSalmonella
■650  4▼aCarbohydrates
■650  4▼aBacteria
■650  4▼aFatty  acids
■650  4▼aHunter-gatherers
■650  4▼aDiet
■650  4▼aGenomes
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aE  coli
■650  4▼aMetabolism
■650  4▼aGenetic  diversity
■650  4▼aGastrointestinal  surgery
■650  4▼aAntibiotics
■650  4▼aGut  microbiota
■650  4▼aDietary  fiber
■650  4▼aTaxonomy
■650  4▼aMetabolites
■650  4▼aGenetics
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aMicrobiology
■650  4▼aNutrition
■650  4▼aPharmaceutical  sciences
■650  4▼aSurgery
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■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360836▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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