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Essays on Historical International Conflict
Essays on Historical International Conflict
Essays on Historical International Conflict

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105628
ISBN  
9798265428691
DDC  
355.02
저자명  
Tchaouchev, Denis Ahmed.
서명/저자  
Essays on Historical International Conflict
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
194 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Fearon, James.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation studies the causes and consequences of international conflict in historical perspective. It consists of one paper that examines the relationship between mass warfare and popular demands for redistribution, and two papers that propose and test a theory linking technological change to the frequency of war.The first chapter examines whether exposure to war fatalities created demands for redistribution and progressive taxation in post-World War I Britain. To study this question, I constructed a geocoded dataset of the home addresses of 839,626 British soldiers who died in combat during WWI. I combine this dataset with over 39 million records from 1911 UK census to estimate the WWI fatality rate of conscripted soldiers for all 509 parliamentary constituencies in England and Wales. To measure support for redistribution, I collect data on UK general election outcomes and House of Commons roll-call votes related to redistributive legislation between 1918 and 1939. I find that candidates representing economically left-wing parties received larger vote shares in constituencies with greater WWI fatality rates. In addition, legislators representing high fatality constituencies were more likely to vote in favor of progressive taxation, regardless of party affiliation. Past research on mass warfare and tax progressivity relied upon highly aggregated cross-national comparisons of tax rates between participants and non-participants in the World Wars and is thus unable to isolate the mechanism behind that shift. By using sub-national variation in exposure to the human costs of mass warfare, this paper offers the first quantitative evidence linking the creation of progressive taxation schemes in Western democracies to popular discontent over mass warfare.In the second chapter, I argue that that technological change can increase the risk of war by introducing uncertainty about the balance of power. Specifically, I claim that uncertainty about the effectiveness of new technologies can distort states' private assessments of military capabilities, creating the possibility that states in a dispute arrive at contrasting estimates of their relative military power, thus engendering bargaining failure. I develop this argument by constructing a formal model of crisis bargaining with two-sided incomplete information. The model shows that technological change is more likely to lead to war when disputing states are moderately confident about the balance of power and have relatively equal observable capabilities. In addition, I describe three mechanisms by which these contrasting private assessments may arise: inherent technical challenges in evaluating new technologies, rapid doctrinal shifts, and bureaucratic competition between military services over resources. I illustrate these mechanisms using technological developments drawn from the interwar period. Unlike most prior work, which has sought to link new technologies to war via their attributes (i.e., detectability, potential for dual use) or their effect on specific capabilities (i.e., offensive advantage), I argue that new technology need not produce a shift in military capabilities to generate conflict. It is enough that two states may come to differing conclusions about what the effect of the new technology is. In doing so, my paper presents a more parsimonious theory of the relationship between technological change and the frequency of conflict that has different implications than offense-defense theory.The final chapter empirically tests if resolving uncertainty about the effectiveness of new military technologies makes conflict less likely. Using Late Medieval Europe as a case study, I investigate whether greater awareness of the effectiveness of new bombards against existing fortifications led to a decrease in the frequency of siege warfare. To do so, I use the Fall of Constantinople as a natural experiment that conveyed information about the effectiveness of cannons to Western Europeans at different times. Due to the era's slow pace of travel, settlements located further from Constantinople obtained detailed reports of siege later than settlements located nearer. Using a difference-in-differences design and an original dataset of Western European sieges, I find that locations more exposed to information about the Ottomans' use of cannons at Constantinople experienced fewer sieges in the decade after the city's fall. In addition to empirically testing a new mechanism through which technological change can generate conflict, this paper also provides some of the first causal support for the prominent theory that uncertainty about military capabilities is a cause of war.The empirical chapters of this dissertation illustrate how historical data can be used to test general theories of international politics. More generally, these papers highlight how historical political economy approaches, presently underutilized in the field of international relations, can serve as a fruitful source of both empirical evidence and new research questions.
일반주제명  
War
일반주제명  
Fatalities
일반주제명  
Legislation
일반주제명  
Political science
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aTchaouchev,  Denis  Ahmed.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Historical  International  Conflict
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a194  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Fearon,  James.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  studies  the  causes  and  consequences  of  international  conflict  in  historical  perspective.  It  consists  of  one  paper  that  examines  the  relationship  between  mass  warfare  and  popular  demands  for  redistribution,  and  two  papers  that  propose  and  test  a  theory  linking  technological  change  to  the  frequency  of  war.The  first  chapter  examines  whether  exposure  to  war  fatalities  created  demands  for  redistribution  and  progressive  taxation  in  post-World  War  I  Britain.  To  study  this  question,  I  constructed  a  geocoded  dataset  of  the  home  addresses  of  839,626  British  soldiers  who  died  in  combat  during  WWI.  I  combine  this  dataset  with  over  39  million  records  from  1911  UK  census  to  estimate  the  WWI  fatality  rate  of  conscripted  soldiers  for  all  509  parliamentary  constituencies  in  England  and  Wales.  To  measure  support  for  redistribution,  I  collect  data  on  UK  general  election  outcomes  and  House  of  Commons  roll-call  votes  related  to  redistributive  legislation  between  1918  and  1939.  I  find  that  candidates  representing  economically  left-wing  parties  received  larger  vote  shares  in  constituencies  with  greater  WWI  fatality  rates.  In  addition,  legislators  representing  high  fatality  constituencies  were  more  likely  to  vote  in  favor  of  progressive  taxation,  regardless  of  party  affiliation.  Past  research  on  mass  warfare  and  tax  progressivity  relied  upon  highly  aggregated  cross-national  comparisons  of  tax  rates  between  participants  and  non-participants  in  the  World  Wars  and  is  thus  unable  to  isolate  the  mechanism  behind  that  shift.  By  using  sub-national  variation  in  exposure  to  the  human  costs  of  mass  warfare,  this  paper  offers  the  first  quantitative  evidence  linking  the  creation  of  progressive  taxation  schemes  in  Western  democracies  to  popular  discontent  over  mass  warfare.In  the  second  chapter,  I  argue  that  that  technological  change  can  increase  the  risk  of  war  by  introducing  uncertainty  about  the  balance  of  power.  Specifically,  I  claim  that  uncertainty  about  the  effectiveness  of  new  technologies  can  distort  states'  private  assessments  of  military  capabilities,  creating  the  possibility  that  states  in  a  dispute  arrive  at  contrasting  estimates  of  their  relative  military  power,  thus  engendering  bargaining  failure.  I  develop  this  argument  by  constructing  a  formal  model  of  crisis  bargaining  with  two-sided  incomplete  information.  The  model  shows  that  technological  change  is  more  likely  to  lead  to  war  when  disputing  states  are  moderately  confident  about  the  balance  of  power  and  have  relatively  equal  observable  capabilities.  In  addition,  I  describe  three  mechanisms  by  which  these  contrasting  private  assessments  may  arise:  inherent  technical  challenges  in  evaluating  new  technologies,  rapid  doctrinal  shifts,  and  bureaucratic  competition  between  military  services  over  resources.  I  illustrate  these  mechanisms  using  technological  developments  drawn  from  the  interwar  period.  Unlike  most  prior  work,  which  has  sought  to  link  new  technologies  to  war  via  their  attributes  (i.e.,  detectability,  potential  for  dual  use)  or  their  effect  on  specific  capabilities  (i.e.,  offensive  advantage),  I  argue  that  new  technology  need  not  produce  a  shift  in  military  capabilities  to  generate  conflict.  It  is  enough  that  two  states  may  come  to  differing  conclusions  about  what  the  effect  of  the  new  technology  is.  In  doing  so,  my  paper  presents  a  more  parsimonious  theory  of  the  relationship  between  technological  change  and  the  frequency  of  conflict  that  has  different  implications  than  offense-defense  theory.The  final  chapter  empirically  tests  if  resolving  uncertainty  about  the  effectiveness  of  new  military  technologies  makes  conflict  less  likely.  Using  Late  Medieval  Europe  as  a  case  study,  I  investigate  whether  greater  awareness  of  the  effectiveness  of  new  bombards  against  existing  fortifications  led  to  a  decrease  in  the  frequency  of  siege  warfare.  To  do  so,  I  use  the  Fall  of  Constantinople  as  a  natural  experiment  that  conveyed  information  about  the  effectiveness  of  cannons  to  Western  Europeans  at  different  times.  Due  to  the  era's  slow  pace  of  travel,  settlements  located  further  from  Constantinople  obtained  detailed  reports  of  siege  later  than  settlements  located  nearer.  Using  a  difference-in-differences  design  and  an  original  dataset  of  Western  European  sieges,  I  find  that  locations  more  exposed  to  information  about  the  Ottomans'  use  of  cannons  at  Constantinople  experienced  fewer  sieges  in  the  decade  after  the  city's  fall.  In  addition  to  empirically  testing  a  new  mechanism  through  which  technological  change  can  generate  conflict,  this  paper  also  provides  some  of  the  first  causal  support  for  the  prominent  theory  that  uncertainty  about  military  capabilities  is  a  cause  of  war.The  empirical  chapters  of  this  dissertation  illustrate  how  historical  data  can  be  used  to  test  general  theories  of  international  politics.  More  generally,  these  papers  highlight  how  historical  political  economy  approaches,  presently  underutilized  in  the  field  of  international  relations,  can  serve  as  a  fruitful  source  of  both  empirical  evidence  and  new  research  questions.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aWar
■650  4▼aFatalities
■650  4▼aLegislation
■650  4▼aPolitical  science
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0501
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05A.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360852▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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