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Essays on Housing Policy
Essays on Housing Policy
Essays on Housing Policy

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103540
ISBN  
9798280718685
DDC  
340
저자명  
Kestelman, Stephanie.
서명/저자  
Essays on Housing Policy
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
269 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Glaeser, Edward;Shapiro, Jesse.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약I study the effects of housing policies on housing supply, land use across space, and households' welfare. In Chapter 1, I study the impact of transit-oriented development incentives on multifamily housing development. I leverage the implementation of Los Angeles's Transit-Oriented Communities (TOC) incentive program as a natural experiment. Introduced in 2017, TOC streamlined the entitlement process for and granted density bonuses to qualifying projects near major transit stops. Using novel, project-level data covering applications, approvals, and permits from 2004 to 2023, I document a sharp increase in development proposals following the program's rollout. However, this increase in applications did not translate into a rise in the rate of new housing supply. The program did shift the composition of new development: TOC projects were more likely to include income-restricted units and be located in lower-income, renter-occupied neighborhoods. Using a structural framework and estimated approval probabilities, I show that TOC enabled projects that would have faced lower approval chances or higher appeal risk under the previous discretionary regime. These findings highlight how procedural streamlining can shift the type and location of urban development, even if aggregate supply effects are limited.In Chapter 2, I quantify the environmental externalities of land development at the urban edge. Human activity is the primary cause of wildfires in California, suggesting that land development increases the probability of ignition, thereby creating environmental externalities. Using geospatial data, I estimate a concave relationship between housing development and the probability of wildfire ignition. Converting 2.5 acres of wildland into low-density development at the urban edge increases the annual probability of wildfire ignition by 0.34-0.67 percentage points, compared to an average yearly probability of 1.74 percent. At higher levels of development, additional developed land does not increase the probability of ignition. The probability of ignition decreases at higher rates of land development under weaker drought conditions. Each new housing unit near an ignition site generates up to $23,774 in expected annual suppression costs for small fires. Policy simulations highlight how concavity exacerbates or mitigates the costs of the externality. Limiting greenfield development while relaxing urban supply constraints reduces wildfire-related costs, while restricting supply without offsetting infill development may worsen risk. These results highlight the importance of coordinated land use policy to mitigate wildfire externalities as climate change intensifies fire conditions.In Chapter 3, we study the impact of "right-to-counsel" programs on tenant welfare. "Right-to-counsel" programs provide free legal assistance to tenants in eviction court. Legal assistance can delay or prevent eviction. However, large-scale legal assistance programs can also generate costs for tenants due to equilibrium rental market responses. In this paper, we study how right-to-counsel impacts rental markets when implemented at scale, and quantify the policy's impact on tenant welfare. Leveraging the geographic rollout of New York City's program, we find listed rent prices rose by $22-$38/month within two years of policy implementation, with larger increases in areas with higher baseline eviction rates. We do not find evidence that landlords adjusted on other margins, such as tenant screening or improvements to habitability. Guided by these results, we develop a framework to evaluate the policy's welfare implications for tenants, incorporating the trade-off between protection from eviction and higher rent prices. We quantify the parameters of our framework using linked data on eviction court cases, rental housing listings, and tenant earnings trajectories. Despite the direct benefits and insurance value of stronger eviction protections, the estimated price increases are large enough to generate a small net reduction in ex-ante tenant welfare. 
일반주제명  
Law
일반주제명  
Land use planning
일반주제명  
Public policy
키워드  
Housing
키워드  
Transit-Oriented Communities
키워드  
Urban development
키워드  
Human activity
키워드  
Legal assistance
기타저자  
Harvard University Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Glaeser,  Edward;Shapiro,  Jesse.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aI  study  the  effects  of  housing  policies  on  housing  supply,  land  use  across  space,  and  households'  welfare.  In  Chapter  1,  I  study  the  impact  of  transit-oriented  development  incentives  on  multifamily  housing  development.  I  leverage  the  implementation  of  Los  Angeles's  Transit-Oriented  Communities  (TOC)  incentive  program  as  a  natural  experiment.  Introduced  in  2017,  TOC  streamlined  the  entitlement  process  for  and  granted  density  bonuses  to  qualifying  projects  near  major  transit  stops.  Using  novel,  project-level  data  covering  applications,  approvals,  and  permits  from  2004  to  2023,  I  document  a  sharp  increase  in  development  proposals  following  the  program's  rollout.  However,  this  increase  in  applications  did  not  translate  into  a  rise  in  the  rate  of  new  housing  supply.  The  program  did  shift  the  composition  of  new  development:  TOC  projects  were  more  likely  to  include  income-restricted  units  and  be  located  in  lower-income,  renter-occupied  neighborhoods.  Using  a  structural  framework  and  estimated  approval  probabilities,  I  show  that  TOC  enabled  projects  that  would  have  faced  lower  approval  chances  or  higher  appeal  risk  under  the  previous  discretionary  regime.  These  findings  highlight  how  procedural  streamlining  can  shift  the  type  and  location  of  urban  development,  even  if  aggregate  supply  effects  are  limited.In  Chapter  2,  I  quantify  the  environmental  externalities  of  land  development  at  the  urban  edge.  Human  activity  is  the  primary  cause  of  wildfires  in  California,  suggesting  that  land  development  increases  the  probability  of  ignition,  thereby  creating  environmental  externalities.  Using  geospatial  data,  I  estimate  a  concave  relationship  between  housing  development  and  the  probability  of  wildfire  ignition.  Converting  2.5  acres  of  wildland  into  low-density  development  at  the  urban  edge  increases  the  annual  probability  of  wildfire  ignition  by  0.34-0.67  percentage  points,  compared  to  an  average  yearly  probability  of  1.74  percent.  At  higher  levels  of  development,  additional  developed  land  does  not  increase  the  probability  of  ignition.  The  probability  of  ignition  decreases  at  higher  rates  of  land  development  under  weaker  drought  conditions.  Each  new  housing  unit  near  an  ignition  site  generates  up  to  $23,774  in  expected  annual  suppression  costs  for  small  fires.  Policy  simulations  highlight  how  concavity  exacerbates  or  mitigates  the  costs  of  the  externality.  Limiting  greenfield  development  while  relaxing  urban  supply  constraints  reduces  wildfire-related  costs,  while  restricting  supply  without  offsetting  infill  development  may  worsen  risk.  These  results  highlight  the  importance  of  coordinated  land  use  policy  to  mitigate  wildfire  externalities  as  climate  change  intensifies  fire  conditions.In  Chapter  3,  we  study  the  impact  of  "right-to-counsel"  programs  on  tenant  welfare.  "Right-to-counsel"  programs  provide  free  legal  assistance  to  tenants  in  eviction  court.  Legal  assistance  can  delay  or  prevent  eviction.  However,  large-scale  legal  assistance  programs  can  also  generate  costs  for  tenants  due  to  equilibrium  rental  market  responses.  In  this  paper,  we  study  how  right-to-counsel  impacts  rental  markets  when  implemented  at  scale,  and  quantify  the  policy's  impact  on  tenant  welfare.  Leveraging  the  geographic  rollout  of  New  York  City's  program,  we  find  listed  rent  prices  rose  by  $22-$38/month  within  two  years  of  policy  implementation,  with  larger  increases  in  areas  with  higher  baseline  eviction  rates.  We  do  not  find  evidence  that  landlords  adjusted  on  other  margins,  such  as  tenant  screening  or  improvements  to  habitability.  Guided  by  these  results,  we  develop  a  framework  to  evaluate  the  policy's  welfare  implications  for  tenants,  incorporating  the  trade-off  between  protection  from  eviction  and  higher  rent  prices.  We  quantify  the  parameters  of  our  framework  using  linked  data  on  eviction  court  cases,  rental  housing  listings,  and  tenant  earnings  trajectories.  Despite  the  direct  benefits  and  insurance  value  of  stronger  eviction  protections,  the  estimated  price  increases  are  large  enough  to  generate  a  small  net  reduction  in  ex-ante  tenant  welfare. 
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aLaw
■650  4▼aLand  use  planning
■650  4▼aPublic  policy
■653    ▼aHousing
■653    ▼aTransit-Oriented  Communities
■653    ▼aUrban  development
■653    ▼aHuman  activity  
■653    ▼aLegal  assistance
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■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0536
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12A.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357640▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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