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Formation, Integration, and Control of Semiconductor Spin-Defects in Electronic and Photonic Devices
Formation, Integration, and Control of Semiconductor Spin-Defects in Electronic and Photon...
Formation, Integration, and Control of Semiconductor Spin-Defects in Electronic and Photonic Devices

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103540
ISBN  
9798280713819
DDC  
530.1
저자명  
Day, Aaron Mitchell.
서명/저자  
Formation, Integration, and Control of Semiconductor Spin-Defects in Electronic and Photonic Devices
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
229 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Hu, Evelyn L.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Can we identify new techniques to better create, control, and understand quantum systems? This is the central question of my thesis, which I explore by focusing on a particular class of quantum system--semiconductor-hosted spin-defects, namely the silicon monovacancy in silicon carbide, and the G center and T center in silicon. In this thesis, I investigate laser-mediated local defect formation in nanophotonics (create - Ch. 3), electrical manipulation of telecom defects in a silicon lateral PIN-diode (control - Ch. 4), and defect-enabled mapping of carrier phase transitions revealing negative differential resistance in silicon (understand - Ch. 5). Together, these results underpin the wealth of insight to be probed at the intersection of semiconductor physics and quantum science, as decades-old solid-state theories can be rediscovered in emergent quantum networking candidates.Detailed:In the recent decade, the ideas of quantum information science (QIS) have begun to become realized through the rapid development of technology which directly rely upon the principles of quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement. Computing, sensing, and communications are the three principal modalities which quantum technology is re-imagining, enabling enhanced capabilities unrivaled by their classical counterparts such as information theoretic security and efficient simulation of quantum phenomena. Fundamentally, a quantum technology platform is constituted by an isolated quantum two-level system (qubit) in which information can be controllably stored, manipulated, and accessed. However, each candidate offers vastly different advantages and challenges toward experimental implementation. The great promise of these technologies has motivated an intense study of quantum engineering to realize platforms ideally suited to their respective QIS task. While atoms, ions, superconducting Josephson-junctions, and photons are all compelling candidate qubits, a class of quantum systems known as solid-state spin-defects (color centers) are particularly exciting due to their natural environmental coupling (quantum sensing) and inherent spin-photon interface with facile deployment in nanofabricated devices which enhance their performance (quantum communications and networking).Spin-defects are imperfections in an otherwise perfect crystal lattice, whereby an electronic structure is localized in the bandgap via the removal or addition of atoms in the crystal, leaving behind some isolated electron system. While imperfections exist in every crystal, their utility toward quantum technology varies drastically--reliant on features such as their possession of: microwave-controllable spin, optically-active charge state, robust spin-photon interface, and host material quality. Considering all of these traits, the current leading solid-state spin defect qubits are the Silicon Vacancy (SiV) and Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) in diamond. However more recently, there has been great interest in evaluating emergent spin defects which may exist in other crystal hosts and offer inherent unique benefits not possessed by these leading diamond candidates. For instance, quantum-grade diamond is highly-specialized and hard to fabricate, the NV and SiV visible-photon emission exhibits tremendous loss in conventional telecom fiber, and the SiV spin requires milliKelvin temperatures to utilize.In contrast, silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) are ubiquitous commercial semiconductors with nearly a century of development in growth, material purity, and nanofabrication techniques--therefore, quantum technology stands to benefit greatly by leveraging the wealth of research and development of semiconductor hosts. Furthermore, a class of carbon-related color centers in Si have been recently re-discovered which emit photons in the low propagation loss (0.3dB/km) telecommunications O-Band (1260-1360nm) of the optical fiber which circles the globe for classical internet, and which possess an optically-addressable spin. The immense practical advantages of material host and emission frequency for these semiconductor spin-defects renders them exciting candidates for scalable quantum networking, however their nascency requires significant investigation to compete with existing leading systems in diamond.In this thesis, I present work on the investigation and device engineering of semiconductor-hosted spin-defects, focusing on the silicon monovacancy (VSi) in silicon carbide (SiC) and the G and T centers in silicon. I first introduce the relevant background information to support this thesis in Chapter 1, from QIS theory to the varied platforms which enable it. In Chapter 2 I introduce solid-state spin defects, analyze the leading host materials and defect qubit trade-offs, then describe the intersection of defect integration with quantum photonics, electronics, acoustics, and nanofabrication techniques. At the conclusion of this section I detail the thin-film SiC platform our group has developed for device nanofabrication of SiC defects. In Chapter 3 I develop a laser-based approach for controllably forming silicon vacancy defects (VSi) within these fabricated nanophotonic crystal cavities in SiC. Chapters 4 and 5 then focus on electrical integration, characterization, and control of silicon color centers in lateral PIN-diodes. Using these principles, chapter 4 presents stark tuning and optical charge state control of a G center ensemble, and chapter 5 reports direct optical observation of carrier phase transitions characteristic of negative differential resistance through the coupling of electrical nonlinearities to a T center ensemble. Finally Chapter 6 describes the outlook for semiconductor spin-defects, detailing the remaining challenges faced by VSi, G centers, and T centers, and discussing exciting new opportunities with color centers such as Vanadium.
일반주제명  
Quantum physics
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Optics
키워드  
Defects
키워드  
Quantum
키워드  
Semiconductors
기타저자  
Harvard University Engineering and Applied Sciences - Applied Physics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32040869
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a530.1
■1001  ▼aDay,  Aaron  Mitchell.▼0(orcid)0000-0003-2973-9434
■24510▼aFormation,  Integration,  and  Control  of  Semiconductor  Spin-Defects  in  Electronic  and  Photonic  Devices
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a229  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Hu,  Evelyn  L.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aCan  we  identify  new  techniques  to  better  create,  control,  and  understand  quantum  systems?  This  is  the  central  question  of  my  thesis,  which  I  explore  by  focusing  on  a  particular  class  of  quantum  system--semiconductor-hosted  spin-defects,  namely  the  silicon  monovacancy  in  silicon  carbide,  and  the  G  center  and  T  center  in  silicon.  In  this  thesis,  I  investigate  laser-mediated  local  defect  formation  in  nanophotonics  (create  -  Ch.  3),  electrical  manipulation  of  telecom  defects  in  a  silicon  lateral  PIN-diode  (control  -  Ch.  4),  and  defect-enabled  mapping  of  carrier  phase  transitions  revealing  negative  differential  resistance  in  silicon  (understand  -  Ch.  5).  Together,  these  results  underpin  the  wealth  of  insight  to  be  probed  at  the  intersection  of  semiconductor  physics  and  quantum  science,  as  decades-old  solid-state  theories  can  be  rediscovered  in  emergent  quantum  networking  candidates.Detailed:In  the  recent  decade,  the  ideas  of  quantum  information  science  (QIS)  have  begun  to  become  realized  through  the  rapid  development  of  technology  which  directly  rely  upon  the  principles  of  quantum  mechanics  such  as  superposition  and  entanglement.  Computing,  sensing,  and  communications  are  the  three  principal  modalities  which  quantum  technology  is  re-imagining,  enabling  enhanced  capabilities  unrivaled  by  their  classical  counterparts  such  as  information  theoretic  security  and  efficient  simulation  of  quantum  phenomena.  Fundamentally,  a  quantum  technology  platform  is  constituted  by  an  isolated  quantum  two-level  system  (qubit)  in  which  information  can  be  controllably  stored,  manipulated,  and  accessed.  However,  each  candidate  offers  vastly  different  advantages  and  challenges  toward  experimental  implementation.  The  great  promise  of  these  technologies  has  motivated  an  intense  study  of  quantum  engineering  to  realize  platforms  ideally  suited  to  their  respective  QIS  task.  While  atoms,  ions,  superconducting  Josephson-junctions,  and  photons  are  all  compelling  candidate  qubits,  a  class  of  quantum  systems  known  as  solid-state  spin-defects  (color  centers)  are  particularly  exciting  due  to  their  natural  environmental  coupling  (quantum  sensing)  and  inherent  spin-photon  interface  with  facile  deployment  in  nanofabricated  devices  which  enhance  their  performance  (quantum  communications  and  networking).Spin-defects  are  imperfections  in  an  otherwise  perfect  crystal  lattice,  whereby  an  electronic  structure  is  localized  in  the  bandgap  via  the  removal  or  addition  of  atoms  in  the  crystal,  leaving  behind  some  isolated  electron  system.  While  imperfections  exist  in  every  crystal,  their  utility  toward  quantum  technology  varies  drastically--reliant  on  features  such  as  their  possession  of:  microwave-controllable  spin,  optically-active  charge  state,  robust  spin-photon  interface,  and  host  material  quality.  Considering  all  of  these  traits,  the  current  leading  solid-state  spin  defect  qubits  are  the  Silicon  Vacancy  (SiV)  and  Nitrogen  Vacancy  (NV)  in  diamond.  However  more  recently,  there  has  been  great  interest  in  evaluating  emergent  spin  defects  which  may  exist  in  other  crystal  hosts  and  offer  inherent  unique  benefits  not  possessed  by  these  leading  diamond  candidates.  For  instance,  quantum-grade  diamond  is  highly-specialized  and  hard  to  fabricate,  the  NV  and  SiV  visible-photon  emission  exhibits  tremendous  loss  in  conventional  telecom  fiber,  and  the  SiV  spin  requires  milliKelvin  temperatures  to  utilize.In  contrast,  silicon  (Si)  and  silicon  carbide  (SiC)  are  ubiquitous  commercial  semiconductors  with  nearly  a  century  of  development  in  growth,  material  purity,  and  nanofabrication  techniques--therefore,  quantum  technology  stands  to  benefit  greatly  by  leveraging  the  wealth  of  research  and  development  of  semiconductor  hosts.  Furthermore,  a  class  of  carbon-related  color  centers  in  Si  have  been  recently  re-discovered  which  emit  photons  in  the  low  propagation  loss  (0.3dB/km)  telecommunications  O-Band  (1260-1360nm)  of  the  optical  fiber  which  circles  the  globe  for  classical  internet,  and  which  possess  an  optically-addressable  spin.  The  immense  practical  advantages  of  material  host  and  emission  frequency  for  these  semiconductor  spin-defects  renders  them  exciting  candidates  for  scalable  quantum  networking,  however  their  nascency  requires  significant  investigation  to  compete  with  existing  leading  systems  in  diamond.In  this  thesis,  I  present  work  on  the  investigation  and  device  engineering  of  semiconductor-hosted  spin-defects,  focusing  on  the  silicon  monovacancy  (VSi)  in  silicon  carbide  (SiC)  and  the  G  and  T  centers  in  silicon.  I  first  introduce  the  relevant  background  information  to  support  this  thesis  in  Chapter  1,  from  QIS  theory  to  the  varied  platforms  which  enable  it.  In  Chapter  2  I  introduce  solid-state  spin  defects,  analyze  the  leading  host  materials  and  defect  qubit  trade-offs,  then  describe  the  intersection  of  defect  integration  with  quantum  photonics,  electronics,  acoustics,  and  nanofabrication  techniques.  At  the  conclusion  of  this  section  I  detail  the  thin-film  SiC  platform  our  group  has  developed  for  device  nanofabrication  of  SiC  defects.  In  Chapter  3  I  develop  a  laser-based  approach  for  controllably  forming  silicon  vacancy  defects  (VSi)  within  these  fabricated  nanophotonic  crystal  cavities  in  SiC.  Chapters  4  and  5  then  focus  on  electrical  integration,  characterization,  and  control  of  silicon  color  centers  in  lateral  PIN-diodes.  Using  these  principles,  chapter  4  presents  stark  tuning  and  optical  charge  state  control  of  a  G  center  ensemble,  and  chapter  5  reports  direct  optical  observation  of  carrier  phase  transitions  characteristic  of  negative  differential  resistance  through  the  coupling  of  electrical  nonlinearities  to  a  T  center  ensemble.  Finally  Chapter  6  describes  the  outlook  for  semiconductor  spin-defects,  detailing  the  remaining  challenges  faced  by  VSi,  G  centers,  and  T  centers,  and  discussing  exciting  new  opportunities  with  color  centers  such  as  Vanadium.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aQuantum  physics
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aOptics
■653    ▼aDefects
■653    ▼aQuantum
■653    ▼aSemiconductors
■690    ▼a0599
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0752
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bEngineering  and  Applied  Sciences  -  Applied  Physics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357642▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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