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Design-Based Causal Inference for Randomized Experiments: A Unified Framework for a Diverging Number of Treatment Arms and Varying Sample Sizes
Design-Based Causal Inference for Randomized Experiments: A Unified Framework for a Diverg...
Design-Based Causal Inference for Randomized Experiments: A Unified Framework for a Diverging Number of Treatment Arms and Varying Sample Sizes

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103543
ISBN  
9798288863554
DDC  
310
저자명  
Shi, Lei.
서명/저자  
Design-Based Causal Inference for Randomized Experiments: A Unified Framework for a Diverging Number of Treatment Arms and Varying Sample Sizes
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
219 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ding, Peng;Wang, Jingshen.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This manuscript includes novel results on design-based causal inference and aim to develop a unifying theoretical/methodological framework for different regimes of randomized experiments. This manuscript contains three self-contained chapters.Chapter 1. [1] introduced the randomization model, which contains the notation of potential outcomes to define causal effects and a framework for large-sample inference based on the design of the experiment. However, the existing theory for this framework is far from complete especially when the number of treatment levels diverges and the treatment group sizes vary. We provide a unified discussion of statistical inference under the randomization model with general treatment group sizes. We formulate the estimator in terms of a linear permutational statistic and use results based on Stein's method to derive various Berry-Esseen bounds on the linear and quadratic functions of the estimator. These new Berry-Esseen bounds serve as basis for design-based causal inference with possibly diverging treatment levels and a diverging number of causal parameters of interest. We also fill an important gap by proposing novel variance estimators for experiments with possibly many treatment levels without replications. Equipped with the newly developed results, design-based causal inference in general settings becomes more convenient with stronger theoretical guarantees.Chapter 2. Ever since the seminal work of R. A. Fisher and F. Yates, factorial designs have been an important experimental tool to simultaneously estimate the effects of multiple treatment factors. In factorial designs, the number of treatment combinations grows exponentially with the number of treatment factors, which motivates the forward selection strategy based on the sparsity, hierarchy, and heredity principles for factorial effects. Although this strategy is intuitive and has been widely used in practice, its rigorous statistical theory has not been formally established. To fill this gap, we establish design-based theory for forward factor selection in factorial designs based on the potential outcome framework. We not only prove a consistency property for the factor selection procedure but also discuss statistical inference after factor selection. In particular, with selection consistency, we quantify the advantages of forward selection based on asymptotic efficiency gain in estimating factorial effects. With inconsistent selection in higher-order interactions, we propose two strategies and investigate their impact on subsequent inference. Our formulation differs from the existing literature on variable selection and post-selection inference because our theory is based solely on the physical randomization of the factorial design and does not rely on a correctly specified outcome model.Chapter 3. [1]'s seminal work in 1923 has been a milestone in statistics over the century, which has motivated many fundamental statistical concepts and methodology. In this review, we delve into [1]'s groundbreaking contribution and offer technical insights into the design and analysis of randomized experiments. We shall review the basic setup of completely randomized experiments and the classical approaches for inferring the average treatment effects. We shall in particular review more efficient design and analysis of randomized experiments by utilizing pretreatment covariates, which move beyond Neyman's original work without involving any covariate. We then summarize several technical ingredients regarding randomizations and permutations that have been developed over the century, such as permutational central limit theorems and Berry--Esseen bounds, and elaborate on how these technical results facilitate the understanding of randomized experiments. The discussion is also extended to other randomized experiments including rerandomization, stratified randomized experiments, matched pair experiments, cluster randomized experiments, etc.
일반주제명  
Statistics
일반주제명  
Biostatistics
일반주제명  
Applied mathematics
키워드  
Causal inference
키워드  
Central limit theorem
키워드  
Permutations
키워드  
Potential outcome
키워드  
Randomized experiment
키워드  
Stein's method
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Biostatistics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■24510▼aDesign-Based  Causal  Inference  for  Randomized  Experiments:  A  Unified  Framework  for  a  Diverging  Number  of  Treatment  Arms  and  Varying  Sample  Sizes
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a219  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ding,  Peng;Wang,  Jingshen.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  manuscript  includes  novel  results  on  design-based  causal  inference  and  aim  to  develop  a  unifying  theoretical/methodological  framework  for  different  regimes  of  randomized  experiments.  This  manuscript  contains  three  self-contained  chapters.Chapter  1.  [1]  introduced  the  randomization  model,  which  contains  the  notation  of  potential  outcomes  to  define  causal  effects  and  a  framework  for  large-sample  inference  based  on  the  design  of  the  experiment.  However,  the  existing  theory  for  this  framework  is  far  from  complete  especially  when  the  number  of  treatment  levels  diverges  and  the  treatment  group  sizes  vary.  We  provide  a  unified  discussion  of  statistical  inference  under  the  randomization  model  with  general  treatment  group  sizes.  We  formulate  the  estimator  in  terms  of  a  linear  permutational  statistic  and  use  results  based  on  Stein's  method  to  derive  various  Berry-Esseen  bounds  on  the  linear  and  quadratic  functions  of  the  estimator.  These  new  Berry-Esseen  bounds  serve  as  basis  for  design-based  causal  inference  with  possibly  diverging  treatment  levels  and  a  diverging  number  of  causal  parameters  of  interest.  We  also  fill  an  important  gap  by  proposing  novel  variance  estimators  for  experiments  with  possibly  many  treatment  levels  without  replications.  Equipped  with  the  newly  developed  results,  design-based  causal  inference  in  general  settings  becomes  more  convenient  with  stronger  theoretical  guarantees.Chapter  2.  Ever  since  the  seminal  work  of  R.  A.  Fisher  and  F.  Yates,  factorial  designs  have  been  an  important  experimental  tool  to  simultaneously  estimate  the  effects  of  multiple  treatment  factors.  In  factorial  designs,  the  number  of  treatment  combinations  grows  exponentially  with  the  number  of  treatment  factors,  which  motivates  the  forward  selection  strategy  based  on  the  sparsity,  hierarchy,  and  heredity  principles  for  factorial  effects.  Although  this  strategy  is  intuitive  and  has  been  widely  used  in  practice,  its  rigorous  statistical  theory  has  not  been  formally  established.  To  fill  this  gap,  we  establish  design-based  theory  for  forward  factor  selection  in  factorial  designs  based  on  the  potential  outcome  framework.  We  not  only  prove  a  consistency  property  for  the  factor  selection  procedure  but  also  discuss  statistical  inference  after  factor  selection.  In  particular,  with  selection  consistency,  we  quantify  the  advantages  of  forward  selection  based  on  asymptotic  efficiency  gain  in  estimating  factorial  effects.  With  inconsistent  selection  in  higher-order  interactions,  we  propose  two  strategies  and  investigate  their  impact  on  subsequent  inference.  Our  formulation  differs  from  the  existing  literature  on  variable  selection  and  post-selection  inference  because  our  theory  is  based  solely  on  the  physical  randomization  of  the  factorial  design  and  does  not  rely  on  a  correctly  specified  outcome  model.Chapter  3.  [1]'s  seminal  work  in  1923  has  been  a  milestone  in  statistics  over  the  century,  which  has  motivated  many  fundamental  statistical  concepts  and  methodology.  In  this  review,  we  delve  into  [1]'s  groundbreaking  contribution  and  offer  technical  insights  into  the  design  and  analysis  of  randomized  experiments.  We  shall  review  the  basic  setup  of  completely  randomized  experiments  and  the  classical  approaches  for  inferring  the  average  treatment  effects.  We  shall  in  particular  review  more  efficient  design  and  analysis  of  randomized  experiments  by  utilizing  pretreatment  covariates,  which  move  beyond  Neyman's  original  work  without  involving  any  covariate.  We  then  summarize  several  technical  ingredients  regarding  randomizations  and  permutations  that  have  been  developed  over  the  century,  such  as  permutational  central  limit  theorems  and  Berry--Esseen  bounds,  and  elaborate  on  how  these  technical  results  facilitate  the  understanding  of  randomized  experiments.  The  discussion  is  also  extended  to  other  randomized  experiments  including  rerandomization,  stratified  randomized  experiments,  matched  pair  experiments,  cluster  randomized  experiments,  etc.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aStatistics
■650  4▼aBiostatistics
■650  4▼aApplied  mathematics
■653    ▼aCausal  inference
■653    ▼aCentral  limit  theorem
■653    ▼aPermutations
■653    ▼aPotential  outcome
■653    ▼aRandomized  experiment
■653    ▼aStein's  method
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■690    ▼a0308
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■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bBiostatistics.
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■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357663▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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