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Changes in Vitamin B12 Biomarkers and Plasma Volume in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Females
Changes in Vitamin B12 Biomarkers and Plasma Volume in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Females
Changes in Vitamin B12 Biomarkers and Plasma Volume in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Females

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104730
ISBN  
9798290650296
DDC  
610
저자명  
Martin, Leigh.
서명/저자  
Changes in Vitamin B12 Biomarkers and Plasma Volume in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Females
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
135 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Gernand, Alison D.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential micronutrient crucial for processes like one-carbon metabolism and red blood cell formation, and its deficiency during pregnancy can lead to maternal and fetal complications, such as neural tube defects and anemia. Holotranscobalamin (holoTC) and total B12 are the most commonly measured biomarkers for B12 status across life stages, including pregnancy, and across the menstrual cycle in nonpregnant individuals. Plasma is essential for transporting nutrients in nonpregnant and pregnant individuals, and plasma volume (PV) increases by 45-60% during pregnancy to provide for the growing fetus. Despite previous, yet separate, studies in PV in pregnancy and the menstrual cycle, little is known about the relationship between PV and B12 biomarkers in these timespans. The overall goal of this dissertation was to examine the relationship between PV and vitamin B12 biomarkers in pregnant and nonpregnant populations.The first objective was to examine the change in concentration of holoTC across human pregnancy. We conducted a systematic review of 12 published longitudinal pregnancy studies, using a narrative synthesis approach to collate available holoTC and total B12 concentrations across pregnancy. We found that from the first to the second trimester, holoTC concentrations decreased (5-28%) in 7 studies, increased (2%) in 1 study, and remained unchanged in 1 study. From the second to the third trimester, holoTC concentrations decreased (6-16%) in 3 studies, increased (1-31%) in 4 studies, and did not change in 1 study. Overall, from the first to third trimesters, holoTC concentrations decreased (4-22%) in 4 studies and increased by 7% in 1 study.The second objective was to investigate the relationship between PV and biomarkers related to vitamin B12 status (holoTC and total B12), anemia (hemoglobin and hematocrit), hydration, and blood pressure in pregnant individuals in Tanzania. We conducted secondary data analysis from a single-blinded, stratified, multiple ascending dose trial of vitamin B12 supplementation conducted in 40 pregnant individuals. Participants completed a 4-week inpatient clinical phase, during which we measured all biomarkers on days 1 and 22. We estimated PV on days 1 and 22 using an estimation equation method. We found that PV increased by less than 100 mL across the study period, and it had a significant positive correlation with holoTC mass at day 1. Correlations between PV, holoTC, and total B12 concentrations were positive but small at both timepoints. We found meaningful positive correlations between PV and Hgb and Hct, but not with urine specific gravity or blood pressure.Our third objective was to investigate the relationship between PV and holoTC across the menstrual cycle in healthy individuals of reproductive age in the United States. We conducted a longitudinal study, in which we timed 3 study visits to align with the early follicular (visit 1), late follicular (visit 2), and mid-luteal (visit 3) phases. PV was previously estimated using ICG at each study visit, and we measured holoTC concentration and calculated mass in previously collected baseline serum samples using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). HoloTC concentration decreased by 3.1%, and mass decreased by 5.2% (all p0.05) between the early follicular and late follicular phase. There was an approximate 3% increase in both concentration and mass between the late follicular and midluteal phase (all p 0.05). Between visit 1 and visit 3, there was an approximate 0.3% and 2.5% decrease in concentration and mass, respectively (all p 0.05). Serum holoTC concentration and mass decreased from the early to late follicular phase and subsequently increased from the late follicular to midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. There was a small yet meaningful positive relationship between holoTC biomarker mass, but not concentration, and plasma volume at visits 1 and 3, but not visit 2. Overall, we found that holoTC concentrations decreased from the first to second trimesters and the first to third trimesters, but there was an inconsistent pattern from second to third trimesters. When we estimated PV expansion in late pregnancy using an equation, we found that it increased minimally across 3 weeks and was positively correlated with holoTC mass at baseline. In nonpregnant individuals, we found that holoTC concentration and mass decreased from the early follicular to the late follicular phase and subsequently increased from the late follicular to the midluteal phase. There was a small yet positive relationship between holoTC biomarker mass, but not concentration, and PV in the early follicular and midluteal phases. Our results show that B12 biomarkers may change across pregnancy and the menstrual cycle, despite unclear patterns, and future research should work to account for the timing of blood draws during these periods. Additional research is needed to further quantify the relationship between PV and these biomarkers in both nonpregnant and pregnant individuals.
일반주제명  
Biomarkers
일반주제명  
Hormones
일반주제명  
Womens health
일반주제명  
Womens studies
일반주제명  
Nutrition
키워드  
Vitamin B12
키워드  
Pregnancy
기타저자  
The Pennsylvania State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aMartin,  Leigh.
■24510▼aChanges  in  Vitamin  B12  Biomarkers  and  Plasma  Volume  in  Pregnant  and  Nonpregnant  Females
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a135  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gernand,  Alison  D.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aVitamin  B12  (B12)  is  an  essential  micronutrient  crucial  for  processes  like  one-carbon  metabolism  and  red  blood  cell  formation,  and  its  deficiency  during  pregnancy  can  lead  to  maternal  and  fetal  complications,  such  as  neural  tube  defects  and  anemia.  Holotranscobalamin  (holoTC)  and  total  B12  are  the  most  commonly  measured  biomarkers  for  B12  status  across  life  stages,  including  pregnancy,  and  across  the  menstrual  cycle  in  nonpregnant  individuals.  Plasma  is  essential  for  transporting  nutrients  in  nonpregnant  and  pregnant  individuals,  and  plasma  volume  (PV)  increases  by  45-60%  during  pregnancy  to  provide  for  the  growing  fetus.  Despite  previous,  yet  separate,  studies  in  PV  in  pregnancy  and  the  menstrual  cycle,  little  is  known  about  the  relationship  between  PV  and  B12  biomarkers  in  these  timespans.  The  overall  goal  of  this  dissertation  was  to  examine  the  relationship  between  PV  and  vitamin  B12  biomarkers  in  pregnant  and  nonpregnant  populations.The  first  objective  was  to  examine  the  change  in  concentration  of  holoTC  across  human  pregnancy.  We  conducted  a  systematic  review  of  12  published  longitudinal  pregnancy  studies,  using  a  narrative  synthesis  approach  to  collate  available  holoTC  and  total  B12  concentrations  across  pregnancy.  We  found  that  from  the  first  to  the  second  trimester,  holoTC  concentrations  decreased  (5-28%)  in  7  studies,  increased  (2%)  in  1  study,  and  remained  unchanged  in  1  study.  From  the  second  to  the  third  trimester,  holoTC  concentrations  decreased  (6-16%)  in  3  studies,  increased  (1-31%)  in  4  studies,  and  did  not  change  in  1  study.  Overall,  from  the  first  to  third  trimesters,  holoTC  concentrations  decreased  (4-22%)  in  4  studies  and  increased  by  7%  in  1  study.The  second  objective  was  to  investigate  the  relationship  between  PV  and  biomarkers  related  to  vitamin  B12  status  (holoTC  and  total  B12),  anemia  (hemoglobin  and  hematocrit),  hydration,  and  blood  pressure  in  pregnant  individuals  in  Tanzania.  We  conducted  secondary  data  analysis  from  a  single-blinded,  stratified,  multiple  ascending  dose  trial  of  vitamin  B12  supplementation  conducted  in  40  pregnant  individuals.  Participants  completed  a  4-week  inpatient  clinical  phase,  during  which  we  measured  all  biomarkers  on  days  1  and  22.  We  estimated  PV  on  days  1  and  22  using  an  estimation  equation  method.  We  found  that  PV  increased  by  less  than  100  mL  across  the  study  period,  and  it  had  a  significant  positive  correlation  with  holoTC  mass  at  day  1.  Correlations  between  PV,  holoTC,  and  total  B12  concentrations  were  positive  but  small  at  both  timepoints.  We  found  meaningful  positive  correlations  between  PV  and  Hgb  and  Hct,  but  not  with  urine  specific  gravity  or  blood  pressure.Our  third  objective  was  to  investigate  the  relationship  between  PV  and  holoTC  across  the  menstrual  cycle  in  healthy  individuals  of  reproductive  age  in  the  United  States.  We  conducted  a  longitudinal  study,  in  which  we  timed  3  study  visits  to  align  with  the  early  follicular  (visit  1),  late  follicular  (visit  2),  and  mid-luteal  (visit  3)  phases.  PV  was  previously  estimated  using  ICG  at  each  study  visit,  and  we  measured  holoTC  concentration  and  calculated  mass  in  previously  collected  baseline  serum  samples  using  ELISA  (enzyme-linked  immunosorbent  assay).  HoloTC  concentration  decreased  by  3.1%,  and  mass  decreased  by  5.2%  (all  p0.05)  between  the  early  follicular  and  late  follicular  phase.  There  was  an  approximate  3%  increase  in  both  concentration  and  mass  between  the  late  follicular  and  midluteal  phase  (all  p    0.05).  Between  visit  1  and  visit  3,  there  was  an  approximate  0.3%  and  2.5%  decrease  in  concentration  and  mass,  respectively  (all  p    0.05).  Serum  holoTC  concentration  and  mass  decreased  from  the  early  to  late  follicular  phase  and  subsequently  increased  from  the  late  follicular  to  midluteal  phase  of  the  menstrual  cycle.  There  was  a  small  yet  meaningful  positive  relationship  between  holoTC  biomarker  mass,  but  not  concentration,  and  plasma  volume  at  visits  1  and  3,  but  not  visit  2. Overall,  we  found  that  holoTC  concentrations  decreased  from  the  first  to  second  trimesters  and  the  first  to  third  trimesters,  but  there  was  an  inconsistent  pattern  from  second  to  third  trimesters.  When  we  estimated  PV  expansion  in  late  pregnancy  using  an  equation,  we  found that  it  increased  minimally  across  3  weeks  and  was  positively  correlated  with  holoTC  mass  at  baseline.  In  nonpregnant  individuals,  we  found  that  holoTC  concentration  and  mass  decreased  from  the  early  follicular  to  the  late  follicular  phase  and  subsequently  increased  from  the  late  follicular  to  the  midluteal  phase.  There  was  a  small  yet  positive  relationship  between  holoTC  biomarker  mass,  but  not  concentration,  and  PV  in  the  early  follicular  and  midluteal  phases.  Our  results  show  that  B12  biomarkers  may  change  across  pregnancy  and  the  menstrual  cycle,  despite  unclear  patterns,  and  future  research  should  work  to  account  for  the  timing  of  blood  draws  during  these  periods.  Additional  research  is  needed  to  further  quantify  the  relationship  between  PV  and  these  biomarkers  in  both  nonpregnant  and  pregnant  individuals.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aBiomarkers
■650  4▼aHormones
■650  4▼aWomens  health
■650  4▼aWomens  studies
■650  4▼aNutrition
■653    ▼aVitamin  B12
■653    ▼aPregnancy
■690    ▼a0453
■690    ▼a0570
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03A.
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358643▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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