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Time-Varying Noise of Electric Multirotor Aircraft
Time-Varying Noise of Electric Multirotor Aircraft
Time-Varying Noise of Electric Multirotor Aircraft

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104732
ISBN  
9798290650470
DDC  
300
저자명  
Gan, Ze Feng.
서명/저자  
Time-Varying Noise of Electric Multirotor Aircraft
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
122 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Brentner, Kenneth S.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation quantified time-varying noise levels of multirotor electric aircraft such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and manned electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Signal processing of flight tests and anechoic chamber measurements of hexacopter UAVs found the amplitudes of multirotor broadband noise modulation to be significant. This modulation amplitude of noise levels was strongly affected by small-amplitude stochastic fluctuations in rotor rotation speeds commanded by the flight controller, which are not typically considered in rotorcraft noise predictions. Measured rotor rotation speeds were found to follow Gaussian distributions about the set point commanded by the flight controller, resulting in measured blade azimuthal phase offsets between rotors following a uniform random distribution. These state variable variations caused noise variations not only in time, but between repeated measurements under the same conditions. Accordingly, a noise prediction methodology was developed to characterize these noise variations for multirotor aircraft, given the probability distribution of input states and the time-varying noise of a single rotor.Closely-spaced rotation speeds of different rotors caused acoustic interactions known as beats. Beating effects were found to be significant for multirotor aircraft in repeated measurements. Although beats occurred in all trials, since rotor rotation speeds varied between repeated trials, the resulting noise modulation frequencies and amplitudes also varied between repeated trials. Amplitude-modulated broadband noise signals with closely-spaced modulation frequencies caused significantly audible beating effects, even though only tonal beats are considered in the literature. Tonal beats of more than two rotors generated significant values for the sound quality metric of fluctuation strength. These multirotor tonal beats were characterized using the highest beat frequency when considering differences in blade passage frequency between all rotor pair combinations. The resulting variation of modulation amplitude between consecutive beat periods was characterized over the fundamental period of the modulation, which consisted of the least common multiple of all beat periods.Synchronizing the phase offsets between rotors significantly reduced the amplitude of broadband noise modulation, as well as beating effects. If such synchrophasing control is not implemented, the work in this dissertation demonstrated that rotorcraft aeroacoustic analysis should consider not only time variation of noise levels, but also effects of the flight controller and the resulting variations in the noise modulation between repeated flights.
일반주제명  
Monte Carlo simulation
일반주제명  
Russia-Ukraine War
일반주제명  
Helicopters
일반주제명  
Fourier transforms
일반주제명  
Bandwidths
일반주제명  
Controllers
일반주제명  
Aviation
일반주제명  
Unmanned aerial vehicles
일반주제명  
Spectrum allocation
일반주제명  
Noise control
일반주제명  
Acoustics
일반주제명  
Probability distribution
일반주제명  
Certification
기타저자  
The Pennsylvania State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aGan,  Ze  Feng.
■24510▼aTime-Varying  Noise  of  Electric  Multirotor  Aircraft
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a122  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Brentner,  Kenneth  S.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  quantified  time-varying  noise  levels  of  multirotor  electric  aircraft  such  as  unmanned  aerial  vehicles  (UAVs)  and  manned  electric  vertical  take-off  and  landing  (eVTOL)  aircraft.  Signal  processing  of  flight  tests  and  anechoic  chamber  measurements  of  hexacopter  UAVs  found  the  amplitudes  of  multirotor  broadband  noise  modulation  to  be  significant.  This  modulation  amplitude  of  noise  levels  was  strongly  affected  by  small-amplitude  stochastic  fluctuations  in  rotor  rotation  speeds  commanded  by  the  flight  controller,  which  are  not  typically  considered  in  rotorcraft  noise  predictions.  Measured  rotor  rotation  speeds  were  found  to  follow  Gaussian  distributions  about  the  set  point  commanded  by  the  flight  controller,  resulting  in  measured  blade  azimuthal  phase  offsets  between  rotors  following  a  uniform  random  distribution.  These  state  variable  variations  caused  noise  variations  not  only  in  time,  but  between  repeated  measurements  under  the  same  conditions.  Accordingly,  a  noise  prediction  methodology  was  developed  to  characterize  these  noise  variations  for  multirotor  aircraft,  given  the  probability  distribution  of  input  states  and  the  time-varying  noise  of  a  single  rotor.Closely-spaced  rotation  speeds  of  different  rotors  caused  acoustic  interactions  known  as  beats.  Beating  effects  were  found  to  be  significant  for  multirotor  aircraft  in  repeated  measurements.  Although  beats  occurred  in  all  trials,  since  rotor  rotation  speeds  varied  between  repeated  trials,  the  resulting  noise  modulation  frequencies  and  amplitudes  also  varied  between  repeated  trials.  Amplitude-modulated  broadband  noise  signals  with  closely-spaced  modulation  frequencies  caused  significantly  audible  beating  effects,  even  though  only  tonal  beats  are  considered  in  the  literature.  Tonal  beats  of  more  than  two  rotors  generated  significant  values  for  the  sound  quality  metric  of  fluctuation  strength.  These  multirotor  tonal  beats  were  characterized  using  the  highest  beat  frequency  when  considering  differences  in  blade  passage  frequency  between  all  rotor  pair  combinations.  The  resulting  variation  of  modulation  amplitude  between  consecutive  beat  periods  was  characterized  over  the  fundamental  period  of  the  modulation,  which  consisted  of  the  least  common  multiple  of  all  beat  periods.Synchronizing  the  phase  offsets  between  rotors  significantly  reduced  the  amplitude  of  broadband  noise  modulation,  as  well  as  beating  effects.  If  such  synchrophasing  control  is  not  implemented,  the  work  in  this  dissertation  demonstrated  that  rotorcraft  aeroacoustic  analysis  should  consider  not  only  time  variation  of  noise  levels,  but  also  effects  of  the  flight  controller  and  the  resulting  variations  in  the  noise  modulation  between  repeated  flights.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aMonte  Carlo  simulation
■650  4▼aRussia-Ukraine  War
■650  4▼aHelicopters
■650  4▼aFourier  transforms
■650  4▼aBandwidths
■650  4▼aControllers
■650  4▼aAviation
■650  4▼aUnmanned  aerial  vehicles
■650  4▼aSpectrum  allocation
■650  4▼aNoise  control
■650  4▼aAcoustics
■650  4▼aProbability  distribution
■650  4▼aCertification
■690    ▼a0986
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358654▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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