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Utilizing High-Alkali and High-Sulfur Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Sustainable Concrete Production
Utilizing High-Alkali and High-Sulfur Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Sustainable Concrete Production
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104733
- ISBN
- 9798290650746
- DDC
- 551.57
- 서명/저자
- Utilizing High-Alkali and High-Sulfur Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Sustainable Concrete Production
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 160 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Rajabipour, Farshad.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Clinker substitution with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is a cornerstone of efforts to decarbonize cement and concrete production. SCMs not only reduce concrete's carbon footprint but also enhance its hardened properties and durability, including mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in reactive aggregate-containing concretes. However, supply shortages of traditional SCMs, such as coal fly ash and slag cement, have driven the exploration of alternative SCMs, including natural pozzolans, marginal and off-spec coal ashes, and ground glass. While promising, these alternatives present challenges: high alkali content, which may elevate pore solution alkalinity and raise questions about ASR mitigation, and high sulfur content, which may increase the risk of internal sulfate attack.This dissertation addresses these challenges through four studies: the first three focus on high-alkali SCMs, while the fourth examines high-sulfur SCMs.The first study introduces a new test method for quantifying the soluble fraction of alkalis in SCMs, crucial for understanding their influence on cement pore solution chemistry. Applied to 14 SCMs-including natural pozzolans, coal ashes, and ground glass-the test measured soluble sodium in a 1M KOH host solution and soluble potassium in a 1M NaOH solution over 180 days. Thermodynamic modeling was employed to validate the test results and ensure minimal solid-phase precipitation. The findings revealed that a significant portion of SCM alkalis is soluble, often exceeding levels measured by the ASTM C311 Available Alkali Test.The second study evaluates the impact of the 14 SCMs on cement paste pore solution alkalinity and pH in pastes where 20% of the cement was replaced by SCMs. Cement paste pore solutions were extracted and analyzed over one year. While the first study showed that most SCM alkalis are soluble, their pozzolanic reactions enhanced alkali binding capacity, outweighing the effects of soluble alkali content for most SCMs. Nine SCMs acted as net alkali sinks, one showed minimal impact, and four increased pore solution alkali content. Notably, all 14 SCMs reduced [OH⁻] levels below those of 100% cement pastes. Regression analysis identified that an SCM's ability to alter [OH⁻] in the pore solution depends on its soluble alkali content (measured by the proposed method in the first study), pozzolanic reactivity, and CaO/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃) ratio based on bulk chemistry.The third study examines the effectiveness of these SCMs in mitigating ASR in concrete mixtures using the AASHTO T 380 standard test method. Seven aggregate groups with varying reactivity levels were tested. Results showed SCM effectiveness in ASR mitigation varied across aggregate combinations. Electrical surface resistivity measurements on the same prisms strongly correlated with 56-day ASR expansion, suggesting resistivity as a reliable early indicator of ASR mitigation potential. Regression analysis identified the control mix's 56-day expansion, pozzolanic reactivity, and SCM soluble alkali content as significant predictors of ASR mitigation. The study recommends performance testing using the AASHTO T 380 method for a more accurate assessment of ASR mitigation.The fourth study assesses the risk of internal sulfate attack in concrete containing high-sulfur coal ashes, which often exceed the 5.0% SO₃ limit set by ASTM C618. Findings show that fly ashes with up to 12.0% SO₃ at 20% replacement levels and binders with up to 5.0% SO₃ can be safely used without internal sulfate attack risks.
- 일반주제명
- Precipitation
- 일반주제명
- Sodium
- 일반주제명
- Concrete research
- 일반주제명
- Carbon
- 일반주제명
- Sustainability
- 일반주제명
- Systems development
- 일반주제명
- Aggregates
- 일반주제명
- Sulfur
- 일반주제명
- Potassium
- 일반주제명
- Fly ash
- 일반주제명
- Hydration
- 일반주제명
- Density
- 일반주제명
- Alkalinity
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01A.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)PennState26010mzs6718
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a551.57
■1001 ▼aSharbaf, Mohammadreza.
■24510▼aUtilizing High-Alkali and High-Sulfur Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Sustainable Concrete Production
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bThe Pennsylvania State University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a160 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Rajabipour, Farshad.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
■520 ▼aClinker substitution with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is a cornerstone of efforts to decarbonize cement and concrete production. SCMs not only reduce concrete's carbon footprint but also enhance its hardened properties and durability, including mitigating alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in reactive aggregate-containing concretes. However, supply shortages of traditional SCMs, such as coal fly ash and slag cement, have driven the exploration of alternative SCMs, including natural pozzolans, marginal and off-spec coal ashes, and ground glass. While promising, these alternatives present challenges: high alkali content, which may elevate pore solution alkalinity and raise questions about ASR mitigation, and high sulfur content, which may increase the risk of internal sulfate attack.This dissertation addresses these challenges through four studies: the first three focus on high-alkali SCMs, while the fourth examines high-sulfur SCMs.The first study introduces a new test method for quantifying the soluble fraction of alkalis in SCMs, crucial for understanding their influence on cement pore solution chemistry. Applied to 14 SCMs-including natural pozzolans, coal ashes, and ground glass-the test measured soluble sodium in a 1M KOH host solution and soluble potassium in a 1M NaOH solution over 180 days. Thermodynamic modeling was employed to validate the test results and ensure minimal solid-phase precipitation. The findings revealed that a significant portion of SCM alkalis is soluble, often exceeding levels measured by the ASTM C311 Available Alkali Test.The second study evaluates the impact of the 14 SCMs on cement paste pore solution alkalinity and pH in pastes where 20% of the cement was replaced by SCMs. Cement paste pore solutions were extracted and analyzed over one year. While the first study showed that most SCM alkalis are soluble, their pozzolanic reactions enhanced alkali binding capacity, outweighing the effects of soluble alkali content for most SCMs. Nine SCMs acted as net alkali sinks, one showed minimal impact, and four increased pore solution alkali content. Notably, all 14 SCMs reduced [OH⁻] levels below those of 100% cement pastes. Regression analysis identified that an SCM's ability to alter [OH⁻] in the pore solution depends on its soluble alkali content (measured by the proposed method in the first study), pozzolanic reactivity, and CaO/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃) ratio based on bulk chemistry.The third study examines the effectiveness of these SCMs in mitigating ASR in concrete mixtures using the AASHTO T 380 standard test method. Seven aggregate groups with varying reactivity levels were tested. Results showed SCM effectiveness in ASR mitigation varied across aggregate combinations. Electrical surface resistivity measurements on the same prisms strongly correlated with 56-day ASR expansion, suggesting resistivity as a reliable early indicator of ASR mitigation potential. Regression analysis identified the control mix's 56-day expansion, pozzolanic reactivity, and SCM soluble alkali content as significant predictors of ASR mitigation. The study recommends performance testing using the AASHTO T 380 method for a more accurate assessment of ASR mitigation.The fourth study assesses the risk of internal sulfate attack in concrete containing high-sulfur coal ashes, which often exceed the 5.0% SO₃ limit set by ASTM C618. Findings show that fly ashes with up to 12.0% SO₃ at 20% replacement levels and binders with up to 5.0% SO₃ can be safely used without internal sulfate attack risks.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0176.
■650 4▼aPrecipitation
■650 4▼aSodium
■650 4▼aConcrete research
■650 4▼aCarbon
■650 4▼aSustainability
■650 4▼aSystems development
■650 4▼aAggregates
■650 4▼aSulfur
■650 4▼aPotassium
■650 4▼aFly ash
■650 4▼aHydration
■650 4▼aDensity
■650 4▼aIndustrial plant emissions
■650 4▼aAlkalinity
■690 ▼a0640
■71020▼aThe Pennsylvania State University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01A.
■790 ▼a0176
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358658▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


