서브메뉴
검색
Essays on Bias and Disparate Treatment
Essays on Bias and Disparate Treatment
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103040
- ISBN
- 9798286424238
- DDC
- 614
- 저자명
- Philip, Minu.
- 서명/저자
- Essays on Bias and Disparate Treatment
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : New York University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 213 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Ray, Debraj;Rotemberg, Martin.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약This dissertation examines how bias shapes decision-making across varied contexts. The three chapters apply distinct empirical methods in the contexts of healthcare provision, fertility choice, and social behavior, to detect bias in decision-making and uncover the mechanisms driving it.In "Disparate Treatment and Outcomes in Emergency Departments: Evidence from Florida," Ozde Ozkaya and I study racial disparity in stroke diagnosis in emergency departments. Strokes are roughly twice more likely to be missed among Black patients compared to non-Black patients, with most of the disparity arising from physicians testing Black patients less often. To quantify the role of disparate treatment in driving this difference in testing, we leverage a unique feature of strokes: whether a patient actually had a stroke can be inferred retrospectively even if initially misdiagnosed. This allows us to benchmark testing decisions against racially objective predictions of stroke risk made by a machine learning model trained on the true underlying stroke states. We then decompose disparate treatment into two forces: an unjustified skill gap, where physicians make noisier risk assessments for Black patients; and racial prejudice, where physicians are less likely to test Black patients conditional on their risk assessment."Who is Sex-Selecting, and When?" offers another lens into how biases affect decision-making. It studies fertility choices of parents in India who typically have a strong preferential bias for sons over daughters. Such parents are known to engineer the sex-composition of their children using prenatal sex-selective abortions or continued childbearing until their desired number of sons are born. I propose and empirically validate a general heuristic that describes when parents decide to sex-select. Using data on mothers' birth history and self-reported ideal number of children, I define relative birth orders for each child indicating how far each birth is from the mother's ideal number of children. Examining birth sex-ratios at various relative orders, I find the ratio of male-to-female births to be the highest when mothers' are at their ideal number of children. This suggests a heuristic whereby parents sex-select when at their ideal number, to avoid exceeding it. I empirically validate this heuristic by exploiting the natural orthogonality between sex assigned at birth and the preceding birth interval. This orthogonality breaks down with sex-selective abortion that results in artificially longer intervals before male births. Following birth histories with few or no sons, I find intervals preceding male births to be longer among mothers who are at their ideal parity-just as the heuristic suggests.The final chapter, "Group-Bias in Interpersonal Interactions," explores what generates group-bias. Is it an effect of salience in group categorization, or is what appears to be group-bias merely a consequence of strategic behavior to gain from the interdependence of payoffs? Using groups induced in the lab, I experimentally manipulate payoff structures to find subjects favoring their assigned in-group even when their respective in-groups cannot affect their payoffs. Categorization is hence a sufficient source of group bias that operates even in the absence of any expectations of generalized reciprocity or other strategic pecuniary interests. Crucially, individuals care about how they're perceived by their in-group, indicating that group bias stems not merely from the salience of group categories but from meaningful group identification grounded in the non-pecuniary value of affiliation, as proposed by group identity theory. Positive evaluation by the in-group reinforces group bias, while negative evaluation leads to disidentification and disregard for group categorization.
- 일반주제명
- Public health
- 일반주제명
- Medicine
- 키워드
- Bias
- 키워드
- Machine learning
- 키워드
- Son-preference
- 기타저자
- New York University Economics
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
008260126s2025 us c eng d■001000017356812
■00520260202103040
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798286424238
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31847662
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a614
■1001 ▼aPhilip, Minu.
■24510▼aEssays on Bias and Disparate Treatment
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNew York University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a213 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Ray, Debraj;Rotemberg, Martin.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
■520 ▼aThis dissertation examines how bias shapes decision-making across varied contexts. The three chapters apply distinct empirical methods in the contexts of healthcare provision, fertility choice, and social behavior, to detect bias in decision-making and uncover the mechanisms driving it.In "Disparate Treatment and Outcomes in Emergency Departments: Evidence from Florida," Ozde Ozkaya and I study racial disparity in stroke diagnosis in emergency departments. Strokes are roughly twice more likely to be missed among Black patients compared to non-Black patients, with most of the disparity arising from physicians testing Black patients less often. To quantify the role of disparate treatment in driving this difference in testing, we leverage a unique feature of strokes: whether a patient actually had a stroke can be inferred retrospectively even if initially misdiagnosed. This allows us to benchmark testing decisions against racially objective predictions of stroke risk made by a machine learning model trained on the true underlying stroke states. We then decompose disparate treatment into two forces: an unjustified skill gap, where physicians make noisier risk assessments for Black patients; and racial prejudice, where physicians are less likely to test Black patients conditional on their risk assessment."Who is Sex-Selecting, and When?" offers another lens into how biases affect decision-making. It studies fertility choices of parents in India who typically have a strong preferential bias for sons over daughters. Such parents are known to engineer the sex-composition of their children using prenatal sex-selective abortions or continued childbearing until their desired number of sons are born. I propose and empirically validate a general heuristic that describes when parents decide to sex-select. Using data on mothers' birth history and self-reported ideal number of children, I define relative birth orders for each child indicating how far each birth is from the mother's ideal number of children. Examining birth sex-ratios at various relative orders, I find the ratio of male-to-female births to be the highest when mothers' are at their ideal number of children. This suggests a heuristic whereby parents sex-select when at their ideal number, to avoid exceeding it. I empirically validate this heuristic by exploiting the natural orthogonality between sex assigned at birth and the preceding birth interval. This orthogonality breaks down with sex-selective abortion that results in artificially longer intervals before male births. Following birth histories with few or no sons, I find intervals preceding male births to be longer among mothers who are at their ideal parity-just as the heuristic suggests.The final chapter, "Group-Bias in Interpersonal Interactions," explores what generates group-bias. Is it an effect of salience in group categorization, or is what appears to be group-bias merely a consequence of strategic behavior to gain from the interdependence of payoffs? Using groups induced in the lab, I experimentally manipulate payoff structures to find subjects favoring their assigned in-group even when their respective in-groups cannot affect their payoffs. Categorization is hence a sufficient source of group bias that operates even in the absence of any expectations of generalized reciprocity or other strategic pecuniary interests. Crucially, individuals care about how they're perceived by their in-group, indicating that group bias stems not merely from the salience of group categories but from meaningful group identification grounded in the non-pecuniary value of affiliation, as proposed by group identity theory. Positive evaluation by the in-group reinforces group bias, while negative evaluation leads to disidentification and disregard for group categorization.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0146.
■650 4▼aPublic health
■650 4▼aMedicine
■653 ▼aBias
■653 ▼aDisparate treatment
■653 ▼aMachine learning
■653 ▼aSon-preference
■653 ▼aEmergency departments
■690 ▼a0501
■690 ▼a0573
■690 ▼a0564
■690 ▼a0800
■690 ▼a0769
■71020▼aNew York University▼bEconomics.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-12B.
■790 ▼a0146
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356812▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
Preview
Export
ChatGPT Discussion
AI Recommended Related Books
Подробнее информация.
- Бронирование
- не существует
- моя папка
- Первый запрос зрения
- Non-Book Loan Application
- Nighttime Book Loan Application
Available after logging in.


