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Towards a More Precise Cosmology From 21 cm Delay Power Spectrum Measurements
Towards a More Precise Cosmology From 21 cm Delay Power Spectrum Measurements
Towards a More Precise Cosmology From 21 cm Delay Power Spectrum Measurements

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103043
ISBN  
9798280757615
DDC  
520
저자명  
Tan, Jianrong.
서명/저자  
Towards a More Precise Cosmology From 21 cm Delay Power Spectrum Measurements
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
177 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Aguirre, James.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is the period when the universe transitioned from neutral to ionized, as the first stars and galaxies reionized the hydrogen atoms in the intergalactic medium. This period is challenging to observe directly and remains one of the most exciting frontiers in modern astrophysics and cosmology.The 21 cm hydrogen line arises from the "spin-flip" transition in the hyperfine structure of hydrogen atoms, which occurs due to differences in energy between the two states when the spins of the electron and proton are parallel or antiparallel. This line serves as a direct probe for tracing the distribution of neutral hydrogen in the universe and is a promising tool to provide us with a comprehensive three-dimensional evolutionary picture of cosmic reionization.With various ongoing and upcoming radio telescopes targeting the 21 cm signal from EoR, precise measurements of the 21 cm brightness temperature power spectrum are crucial. The 21 cm cosmological signal suffers from contamination by much brighter foregrounds. To address this, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) utilizes the delay spectrum approach to measure the power spectrum, aiming for a "foreground-avoidance" strategy. By dividing the delay space into distinct "foreground-dominated" and "noise-dominated" regions, a unified error estimation pipeline becomes essential for robust measurements.As supporting material to published HERA upper limits, we conduct a critical examination of different error estimation methodologies available for 21 cm delay power spectrum measurements in HERA. This involves synthesizing analytic work, simulations of toy models, and tests on small amounts of real data, and comparing results across different methods. We find that different error bar methodologies, although computed independently, are in good agreement with each other, and also demonstrate the advantage of the methodology used for error bars in the HERA public data release.The cosmological 21 cm signal is thought to be unpolarized, and the 21 cm power spectrum is measured from the total sky intensity, specifically the Stokes I field of the sky. Due to miscalibration and instrumental effects, polarized foregrounds can leak into the unpolarized measurement, a phenomenon known as "polarization leakage". If we cannot disentangle the polarized components, we risk misestimating the true total intensity, which could hinder our ability to cleanly measure the EoR signal. Addressing this issue requires fully polarized calibration, which is currently lacking in the HERA data processing pipeline.We test the Smirnov-Tasse algorithm to apply further polarized calibration to a small part of the HERA-19 commissioning array dataset, significantly improving the characterization of polarization leakage compared to the original simple image-based calibration. There is still ample future work needed to test this method on more recent HERA data.With improvements in sensitivity and analysis techniques, precise 21 cm measurements hold great potential for cosmology. The most important cosmological parameter that 21 cm observations can measure directly is τ , the Thomson-scattering optical depth of CMB photons due to free electrons from reionization. This is one of the six base parameters in ΛCDM. However, in CMB measurements, it is degenerate with another important parameter, As, the amplitude of primordial density fluctuations, which weakens the constraints. The potential for EoR 21 cm measurements to accurately measure τ and treat it as a nuisance parameter when extracting other cosmological parameters from CMB is an exciting prospect.We focus on methodologies for inferring τ from 21 cm observations. Previous works have demonstrated a method that first forecasts astrophysical and cosmological parameters from the evolution of the 21 cm power spectrum, and then runs a simulator to produce τ once those underlying parameters have been determined. However, the path from power spectra to τ is not straightforward, as it relies on the specifics of intermediate simulators, posing a risk of model-dependent interpretation. We extend these works by testing the consistency among various simulators in recovering τ from the same mock data, which includes noise, redshift coverage, and wave-numbers appropriate for HERA measurements. We also examine which wave-numbers and redshifts contribute the most to the constraints on τ , enhancing our understanding of the connection between the evolution of power spectra and τ . This will help achieve more robust cosmological measurements from 21 cm data.
일반주제명  
Astronomy
일반주제명  
Astrophysics
일반주제명  
Physics
키워드  
Cosmology
키워드  
Radio astronomy
키워드  
Epoch of Reionization
키워드  
Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Physics and Astronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aTan,  Jianrong.
■24510▼aTowards  a  More  Precise  Cosmology  From  21  cm  Delay  Power  Spectrum  Measurements
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  Epoch  of  Reionization  (EoR)  is  the  period  when  the  universe  transitioned  from  neutral  to  ionized,  as  the  first  stars  and  galaxies  reionized  the  hydrogen  atoms  in  the  intergalactic  medium.  This  period  is  challenging  to  observe  directly  and  remains  one  of  the  most  exciting  frontiers  in  modern  astrophysics  and  cosmology.The  21  cm  hydrogen  line  arises  from  the  "spin-flip"  transition  in  the  hyperfine  structure  of  hydrogen  atoms,  which  occurs  due  to  differences  in  energy  between  the  two  states  when  the  spins  of  the  electron  and  proton  are  parallel  or  antiparallel.  This  line  serves  as  a  direct  probe  for  tracing  the  distribution  of  neutral  hydrogen  in  the  universe  and  is  a  promising  tool  to  provide  us  with  a  comprehensive  three-dimensional  evolutionary  picture  of  cosmic  reionization.With  various  ongoing  and  upcoming  radio  telescopes  targeting  the  21  cm  signal  from  EoR,  precise  measurements  of  the  21  cm  brightness  temperature  power  spectrum  are  crucial.  The  21  cm  cosmological  signal  suffers  from  contamination  by  much  brighter  foregrounds.  To  address  this,  the  Hydrogen  Epoch  of  Reionization  Array  (HERA)  utilizes  the  delay  spectrum  approach  to  measure  the  power  spectrum,  aiming  for  a  "foreground-avoidance"  strategy.  By  dividing  the  delay  space  into  distinct  "foreground-dominated"  and  "noise-dominated"  regions,  a  unified  error  estimation  pipeline  becomes  essential  for  robust  measurements.As  supporting  material  to  published  HERA  upper  limits,  we  conduct  a  critical  examination  of  different  error  estimation  methodologies  available  for  21  cm  delay  power  spectrum  measurements  in  HERA.  This  involves  synthesizing  analytic  work,  simulations  of  toy  models,  and  tests  on  small  amounts  of  real  data,  and  comparing  results  across  different  methods.  We  find  that  different  error  bar  methodologies,  although  computed  independently,  are  in  good  agreement  with  each  other,  and  also  demonstrate  the  advantage  of  the  methodology  used  for  error  bars  in  the  HERA  public  data  release.The  cosmological  21  cm  signal  is  thought  to  be  unpolarized,  and  the  21  cm  power  spectrum  is  measured  from  the  total  sky  intensity,  specifically  the  Stokes  I  field  of  the  sky.  Due  to  miscalibration  and  instrumental  effects,  polarized  foregrounds  can  leak  into  the  unpolarized  measurement,  a  phenomenon  known  as  "polarization  leakage".  If  we  cannot  disentangle  the  polarized  components,  we  risk  misestimating  the  true  total  intensity,  which  could  hinder  our  ability  to  cleanly  measure  the  EoR  signal.  Addressing  this  issue  requires  fully  polarized  calibration,  which  is  currently  lacking  in  the  HERA  data  processing  pipeline.We  test  the  Smirnov-Tasse  algorithm  to  apply  further  polarized  calibration  to  a  small  part  of  the  HERA-19  commissioning  array  dataset,  significantly  improving  the  characterization  of  polarization  leakage  compared  to  the  original  simple  image-based  calibration.  There  is  still  ample  future  work  needed  to  test  this  method  on  more  recent  HERA  data.With  improvements  in  sensitivity  and  analysis  techniques,  precise  21  cm  measurements  hold  great  potential  for  cosmology.  The  most  important  cosmological  parameter  that  21  cm  observations  can  measure  directly  is  τ  ,  the  Thomson-scattering  optical  depth  of  CMB  photons  due  to  free  electrons  from  reionization.  This  is  one  of  the  six  base  parameters  in  ΛCDM.  However,  in  CMB  measurements,  it  is  degenerate  with  another  important  parameter,  As,  the  amplitude  of  primordial  density  fluctuations,  which  weakens  the  constraints.  The  potential  for  EoR  21  cm  measurements  to  accurately  measure  τ  and  treat  it  as  a  nuisance  parameter  when  extracting  other  cosmological  parameters  from  CMB  is  an  exciting  prospect.We  focus  on  methodologies  for  inferring  τ  from  21  cm  observations.  Previous  works  have  demonstrated  a  method  that  first  forecasts  astrophysical  and  cosmological  parameters  from  the  evolution  of  the  21  cm  power  spectrum,  and  then  runs  a  simulator  to  produce  τ  once  those  underlying  parameters  have  been  determined.  However,  the  path  from  power  spectra  to  τ  is  not  straightforward,  as  it  relies  on  the  specifics  of  intermediate  simulators,  posing  a  risk  of  model-dependent  interpretation.  We  extend  these  works  by  testing  the  consistency  among  various  simulators  in  recovering  τ  from  the  same  mock  data,  which  includes  noise,  redshift  coverage,  and  wave-numbers  appropriate  for  HERA  measurements.  We  also  examine  which  wave-numbers  and  redshifts  contribute  the  most  to  the  constraints  on  τ  ,  enhancing  our  understanding  of  the  connection  between  the  evolution  of  power  spectra  and  τ  .  This  will  help  achieve  more  robust  cosmological  measurements  from  21  cm  data.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aAstronomy
■650  4▼aAstrophysics
■650  4▼aPhysics
■653    ▼aCosmology
■653    ▼aRadio  astronomy
■653    ▼aEpoch  of  Reionization
■653    ▼aHydrogen  Epoch  of  Reionization  Array
■690    ▼a0606
■690    ▼a0596
■690    ▼a0605
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bPhysics  and  Astronomy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356825▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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