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Timekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments
Timekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments
Timekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103050
ISBN  
9798286424115
DDC  
152
저자명  
Duyar, Aysun.
서명/저자  
Timekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments
발행사항  
[Sl] : New York University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
173 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Carrasco, Marisa.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약At a simple scale, visual information at any fixed location changes over time. Yet, even when keeping eyes fixed on a location, one cannot process all temporal information there. Despite this, humans effortlessly perceive complex scenes and navigate daily environments. This dissertation addresses a fundamental question in human perception: How does the brain selectively process sensory information over time with limited resources under environmental uncertainty? Attention and expectation are core cognitive processes that help optimize perception under such constraints. Temporal attention enables the selection and prioritization of behaviorally relevant moments, while temporal expectation allows to predict the timing of future events. Both enhance visual performance and gaze stability, but their distinct roles have only recently been differentiated, with studies focusing on temporal attention at expected moments. However, real-world events rarely occur at fully predictable moments, and strategic allocation of attention relies on anticipating behaviorally relevant events. Therefore understanding how these processes work together amid uncertainty is crucial. This dissertation bridges this gap by systematically manipulating both temporal attention and temporal expectation independently and concurrently, and investigating how involuntary (exogenous) and voluntary (endogenous) components of temporal attention interact with temporal expectation. The first chapter shows that visual performance can be automatically enhanced with involuntary temporal attention under low uncertainty. However, this benefit incurs performance costs at unattended moments. The second chapter reveals voluntary attention's interaction with distinct types of expectation-temporal precision (inverse variability) and hazard rate (probability accumulation over time): Attentional benefits increase with temporal precision but decrease with hazard rate. While perception and eye movements often co-occur, gaze behavior does not always reflect attention or performance. The third chapter investigates attention and expectation-temporal precision and hazard rate- at the oculomotor level, and demonstrates that hazard-based expectations are reflected in oculomotor responses, whereas precision-based responses only emerge when attention is deployed. This reveals a dissociation between perception and eye movements, in addition to a parallelism, as attentional benefits on performance coincided with its oculomotor modulations. The fourth chapter examines whether temporal expectation and attentional deployment are influenced by the timing of preceding events. It shows that, while the timing of preceding events can serve as a source of temporal expectation for subsequent trials in gaze stability, it does not necessarily determine or guide attention. Additionally, the flexibility of the oculomotor system does not translate to modulations in performance. The first four chapters examine responses to highly visible stimuli, but perception varies non-linearly with contrast. Thus, it is important to investigate the combined effects of temporal attention and expectation as a function of contrast. Addressing this gap, the fifth chapter reveals that attention improves contrast responses through a response gain, primarily boosting the maximum performance, while temporal precision does so via a contrast gain, modulating the performance within the dynamic range of the contrast response function. Together, this dissertation highlights that temporal attention and expectation are different but complementary processes that improve perception by enhancing visual performance and stabilizing gaze at critical moments under temporal uncertainty, filling an important gap in our understanding of the interplay among human perception, cognition and the environment.
일반주제명  
Experimental psychology
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
일반주제명  
Psychology
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
키워드  
Visual performance
키워드  
Cognitive processes
키워드  
Sensory information
키워드  
Oculomotor modulations
기타저자  
New York University Psychology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aDuyar,  Aysun.
■24510▼aTimekeepers  of  the  Eyes:  Temporal  Attention  at  Un/Anticipated  Moments
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNew  York  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a173  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Carrasco,  Marisa.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--New  York  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aAt  a  simple  scale,  visual  information  at  any  fixed  location  changes  over  time.  Yet,  even  when  keeping  eyes  fixed  on  a  location,  one  cannot  process  all  temporal  information  there.  Despite  this,  humans  effortlessly  perceive  complex  scenes  and  navigate  daily  environments.  This  dissertation  addresses  a  fundamental  question  in  human  perception:  How  does  the  brain  selectively  process  sensory  information  over  time  with  limited  resources  under  environmental  uncertainty?  Attention  and  expectation  are  core  cognitive  processes  that  help  optimize  perception  under  such  constraints.  Temporal  attention  enables  the  selection  and  prioritization  of  behaviorally  relevant  moments,  while  temporal  expectation  allows  to  predict  the  timing  of  future  events.  Both  enhance  visual  performance  and  gaze  stability,  but  their  distinct  roles  have  only  recently  been  differentiated,  with  studies  focusing  on  temporal  attention  at  expected  moments.  However,  real-world  events  rarely  occur  at  fully  predictable  moments,  and  strategic  allocation  of  attention  relies  on  anticipating  behaviorally  relevant  events.  Therefore  understanding  how  these  processes  work  together  amid  uncertainty  is  crucial.  This  dissertation  bridges  this  gap  by  systematically  manipulating  both  temporal  attention  and  temporal  expectation  independently  and  concurrently,  and  investigating  how  involuntary  (exogenous)  and  voluntary  (endogenous)  components  of  temporal  attention  interact  with  temporal  expectation.  The  first  chapter  shows  that  visual  performance  can  be  automatically  enhanced  with  involuntary  temporal  attention  under  low  uncertainty.  However,  this  benefit  incurs  performance  costs  at  unattended  moments.  The  second  chapter  reveals  voluntary  attention's  interaction  with  distinct  types  of  expectation-temporal  precision  (inverse  variability)  and  hazard  rate  (probability  accumulation  over  time):  Attentional  benefits  increase  with  temporal  precision  but  decrease  with  hazard  rate.  While  perception  and  eye  movements  often  co-occur,  gaze  behavior  does  not  always  reflect  attention  or  performance.  The  third  chapter  investigates  attention  and  expectation-temporal  precision  and  hazard  rate-  at  the  oculomotor  level,  and  demonstrates  that  hazard-based  expectations  are  reflected  in  oculomotor  responses,  whereas  precision-based  responses  only  emerge  when  attention  is  deployed.  This  reveals  a  dissociation  between  perception  and  eye  movements,  in  addition  to  a  parallelism,  as  attentional  benefits  on  performance  coincided  with  its  oculomotor  modulations.  The  fourth  chapter  examines  whether  temporal  expectation  and  attentional  deployment  are  influenced  by  the  timing  of  preceding  events.  It  shows  that,  while  the  timing  of  preceding  events  can  serve  as  a  source  of  temporal  expectation  for  subsequent  trials  in  gaze  stability,  it  does  not  necessarily  determine  or  guide  attention.  Additionally,  the  flexibility  of  the  oculomotor  system  does  not  translate  to  modulations  in  performance.  The  first  four  chapters  examine  responses  to  highly  visible  stimuli,  but  perception  varies  non-linearly  with  contrast.  Thus,  it  is  important  to  investigate  the  combined  effects  of  temporal  attention  and  expectation  as  a  function  of  contrast.  Addressing  this  gap,  the  fifth  chapter  reveals  that  attention  improves  contrast  responses  through  a  response  gain,  primarily  boosting  the  maximum  performance,  while  temporal  precision  does  so  via  a  contrast  gain,  modulating  the  performance  within  the  dynamic  range  of  the  contrast  response  function.  Together,  this  dissertation  highlights  that  temporal  attention  and  expectation  are  different  but  complementary  processes  that  improve  perception  by  enhancing  visual  performance  and  stabilizing  gaze  at  critical  moments  under  temporal  uncertainty,  filling  an  important  gap  in  our  understanding  of  the  interplay  among  human  perception,  cognition  and  the  environment.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0146.
■650  4▼aExperimental  psychology
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■650  4▼aPsychology
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■653    ▼aVisual  performance
■653    ▼aCognitive  processes
■653    ▼aSensory  information
■653    ▼aOculomotor  modulations
■690    ▼a0623
■690    ▼a0633
■690    ▼a0621
■690    ▼a0317
■71020▼aNew  York  University▼bPsychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0146
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356859▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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