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Timekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments
Timekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202103050
- ISBN
- 9798286424115
- DDC
- 152
- 저자명
- Duyar, Aysun.
- 서명/저자
- Timekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : New York University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 173 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Carrasco, Marisa.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약At a simple scale, visual information at any fixed location changes over time. Yet, even when keeping eyes fixed on a location, one cannot process all temporal information there. Despite this, humans effortlessly perceive complex scenes and navigate daily environments. This dissertation addresses a fundamental question in human perception: How does the brain selectively process sensory information over time with limited resources under environmental uncertainty? Attention and expectation are core cognitive processes that help optimize perception under such constraints. Temporal attention enables the selection and prioritization of behaviorally relevant moments, while temporal expectation allows to predict the timing of future events. Both enhance visual performance and gaze stability, but their distinct roles have only recently been differentiated, with studies focusing on temporal attention at expected moments. However, real-world events rarely occur at fully predictable moments, and strategic allocation of attention relies on anticipating behaviorally relevant events. Therefore understanding how these processes work together amid uncertainty is crucial. This dissertation bridges this gap by systematically manipulating both temporal attention and temporal expectation independently and concurrently, and investigating how involuntary (exogenous) and voluntary (endogenous) components of temporal attention interact with temporal expectation. The first chapter shows that visual performance can be automatically enhanced with involuntary temporal attention under low uncertainty. However, this benefit incurs performance costs at unattended moments. The second chapter reveals voluntary attention's interaction with distinct types of expectation-temporal precision (inverse variability) and hazard rate (probability accumulation over time): Attentional benefits increase with temporal precision but decrease with hazard rate. While perception and eye movements often co-occur, gaze behavior does not always reflect attention or performance. The third chapter investigates attention and expectation-temporal precision and hazard rate- at the oculomotor level, and demonstrates that hazard-based expectations are reflected in oculomotor responses, whereas precision-based responses only emerge when attention is deployed. This reveals a dissociation between perception and eye movements, in addition to a parallelism, as attentional benefits on performance coincided with its oculomotor modulations. The fourth chapter examines whether temporal expectation and attentional deployment are influenced by the timing of preceding events. It shows that, while the timing of preceding events can serve as a source of temporal expectation for subsequent trials in gaze stability, it does not necessarily determine or guide attention. Additionally, the flexibility of the oculomotor system does not translate to modulations in performance. The first four chapters examine responses to highly visible stimuli, but perception varies non-linearly with contrast. Thus, it is important to investigate the combined effects of temporal attention and expectation as a function of contrast. Addressing this gap, the fifth chapter reveals that attention improves contrast responses through a response gain, primarily boosting the maximum performance, while temporal precision does so via a contrast gain, modulating the performance within the dynamic range of the contrast response function. Together, this dissertation highlights that temporal attention and expectation are different but complementary processes that improve perception by enhancing visual performance and stabilizing gaze at critical moments under temporal uncertainty, filling an important gap in our understanding of the interplay among human perception, cognition and the environment.
- 일반주제명
- Experimental psychology
- 일반주제명
- Cognitive psychology
- 일반주제명
- Psychology
- 일반주제명
- Neurosciences
- 기타저자
- New York University Psychology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■00520260202103050
■006m o d
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020 ▼a9798286424115
■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31931516
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a152
■1001 ▼aDuyar, Aysun.
■24510▼aTimekeepers of the Eyes: Temporal Attention at Un/Anticipated Moments
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNew York University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a173 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Carrasco, Marisa.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2025.
■520 ▼aAt a simple scale, visual information at any fixed location changes over time. Yet, even when keeping eyes fixed on a location, one cannot process all temporal information there. Despite this, humans effortlessly perceive complex scenes and navigate daily environments. This dissertation addresses a fundamental question in human perception: How does the brain selectively process sensory information over time with limited resources under environmental uncertainty? Attention and expectation are core cognitive processes that help optimize perception under such constraints. Temporal attention enables the selection and prioritization of behaviorally relevant moments, while temporal expectation allows to predict the timing of future events. Both enhance visual performance and gaze stability, but their distinct roles have only recently been differentiated, with studies focusing on temporal attention at expected moments. However, real-world events rarely occur at fully predictable moments, and strategic allocation of attention relies on anticipating behaviorally relevant events. Therefore understanding how these processes work together amid uncertainty is crucial. This dissertation bridges this gap by systematically manipulating both temporal attention and temporal expectation independently and concurrently, and investigating how involuntary (exogenous) and voluntary (endogenous) components of temporal attention interact with temporal expectation. The first chapter shows that visual performance can be automatically enhanced with involuntary temporal attention under low uncertainty. However, this benefit incurs performance costs at unattended moments. The second chapter reveals voluntary attention's interaction with distinct types of expectation-temporal precision (inverse variability) and hazard rate (probability accumulation over time): Attentional benefits increase with temporal precision but decrease with hazard rate. While perception and eye movements often co-occur, gaze behavior does not always reflect attention or performance. The third chapter investigates attention and expectation-temporal precision and hazard rate- at the oculomotor level, and demonstrates that hazard-based expectations are reflected in oculomotor responses, whereas precision-based responses only emerge when attention is deployed. This reveals a dissociation between perception and eye movements, in addition to a parallelism, as attentional benefits on performance coincided with its oculomotor modulations. The fourth chapter examines whether temporal expectation and attentional deployment are influenced by the timing of preceding events. It shows that, while the timing of preceding events can serve as a source of temporal expectation for subsequent trials in gaze stability, it does not necessarily determine or guide attention. Additionally, the flexibility of the oculomotor system does not translate to modulations in performance. The first four chapters examine responses to highly visible stimuli, but perception varies non-linearly with contrast. Thus, it is important to investigate the combined effects of temporal attention and expectation as a function of contrast. Addressing this gap, the fifth chapter reveals that attention improves contrast responses through a response gain, primarily boosting the maximum performance, while temporal precision does so via a contrast gain, modulating the performance within the dynamic range of the contrast response function. Together, this dissertation highlights that temporal attention and expectation are different but complementary processes that improve perception by enhancing visual performance and stabilizing gaze at critical moments under temporal uncertainty, filling an important gap in our understanding of the interplay among human perception, cognition and the environment.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0146.
■650 4▼aExperimental psychology
■650 4▼aCognitive psychology
■650 4▼aPsychology
■650 4▼aNeurosciences
■653 ▼aVisual performance
■653 ▼aCognitive processes
■653 ▼aSensory information
■653 ▼aOculomotor modulations
■690 ▼a0623
■690 ▼a0633
■690 ▼a0621
■690 ▼a0317
■71020▼aNew York University▼bPsychology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g86-12B.
■790 ▼a0146
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17356859▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


