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Advanced Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Methods for Spatial Omics
Advanced Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Methods for Spatial Omics
Advanced Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Methods for Spatial Omics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103126
ISBN  
9798315729082
DDC  
574
저자명  
Chen, Jiawen.
서명/저자  
Advanced Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Methods for Spatial Omics
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
160 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Li, Yun;Li, Didong.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology has revolutionized our understanding of biological systems by enabling the simultaneous measurement of gene expression and the preservation of spatial localization within tissues. Given this enriched data source, the central question in spatial omics analysis becomes: How can we efficiently utilize all this information and what important biological question can we answer? In this dissertation, we aim to develop ML and AI methods to address the pressing biological problems in spatial omics data analysis.In the first section, we present POLARIS, a versatile ST analysis method that can perform cell type deconvolution, identify anatomical or functional layer-wise differentially expressed (LDE) genes, and enable cell composition inference from histology images. POLARIS employs transfer learning to extract meaningful features from images of each spot and its surroundings. These features are then input into a deep neural network guided by Bayesian posterior probabilities to estimate cell compositions. This integration significantly enhances accuracy, and allows for predicting cell-type proportions in unmeasured regions and applying to new histology images without corresponding gene expression data.In the second section, we propose StarTrail, a novel ML method that leverage spatial gradients for spatial omics data. StarTrail investigates where and how does the omics feature change through spatial gradients, which map the rate of change of omics features across spatial positions. This approach allows us to identify zones of rapid change, characterized by high spatial gradients, which often correspond to critical biological junctures such as interfaces between lesional/diseased and healthy/normal tissues or regions with distinct functions. StarTrail, filling important gaps in current literature, enables deeper insights into tissue spatial architecture.In the third section, we introduce the Nearest Neighbor Derivative Process (NNDP), a scalable Gaussian Process framework that jointly models spatial processes and their derivatives, resulting a time complexity reduction from O(n3) to O(n). NNDP improves StarTrail in the second section by providing less hyper-parameter tuning, more theoretical support. NNDP robustly and accurately estimates spatial derivatives in various simulated spatial patterns and real data analysis.
일반주제명  
Biostatistics
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Bioinformatics
일반주제명  
Genetics
키워드  
Spatial transcriptomics
키워드  
Gene expression
키워드  
Cell type
키워드  
Histology images
키워드  
StarTrail
기타저자  
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Biostatistics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31938728
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a574
■1001  ▼aChen,  Jiawen.
■24510▼aAdvanced  Machine  Learning  and  Artificial  Intelligence  Methods  for  Spatial  Omics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a160  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Li,  Yun;Li,  Didong.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  2025.
■520    ▼aSpatial  transcriptomics  (ST)  technology  has  revolutionized  our  understanding  of  biological  systems  by  enabling  the  simultaneous  measurement  of  gene  expression  and  the  preservation  of  spatial  localization  within  tissues.  Given  this  enriched  data  source,  the  central  question  in  spatial  omics  analysis  becomes:  How  can  we  efficiently  utilize  all  this  information  and  what  important  biological  question  can  we  answer?  In  this  dissertation,  we  aim  to  develop  ML  and  AI  methods  to  address  the  pressing  biological  problems  in  spatial  omics  data  analysis.In  the  first  section,  we  present  POLARIS,  a  versatile  ST  analysis  method  that  can  perform  cell  type  deconvolution,  identify  anatomical  or  functional  layer-wise  differentially  expressed  (LDE)  genes,  and  enable  cell  composition  inference  from  histology  images.  POLARIS  employs  transfer  learning  to  extract  meaningful  features  from  images  of  each  spot  and  its  surroundings.  These  features  are  then  input  into  a  deep  neural  network  guided  by  Bayesian  posterior  probabilities  to  estimate  cell  compositions.  This  integration  significantly  enhances  accuracy,  and  allows  for  predicting  cell-type  proportions  in  unmeasured  regions  and  applying  to  new  histology  images  without  corresponding  gene  expression  data.In  the  second  section,  we  propose  StarTrail,  a  novel  ML  method  that  leverage  spatial  gradients  for  spatial  omics  data.  StarTrail  investigates  where  and  how  does  the  omics  feature  change  through  spatial  gradients,  which  map  the  rate  of  change  of  omics  features  across  spatial  positions.  This  approach  allows  us  to  identify  zones  of  rapid  change,  characterized  by  high  spatial  gradients,  which  often  correspond  to  critical  biological  junctures  such  as  interfaces  between  lesional/diseased  and  healthy/normal  tissues  or  regions  with  distinct  functions.  StarTrail,  filling  important  gaps  in  current  literature,  enables  deeper  insights  into  tissue  spatial  architecture.In  the  third  section,  we  introduce  the  Nearest  Neighbor  Derivative  Process  (NNDP),  a  scalable  Gaussian  Process  framework  that  jointly  models  spatial  processes  and  their  derivatives,  resulting  a  time  complexity  reduction  from  O(n3)  to  O(n).  NNDP  improves  StarTrail  in  the  second  section  by  providing  less  hyper-parameter  tuning,  more  theoretical  support.  NNDP  robustly  and  accurately  estimates  spatial  derivatives  in  various  simulated  spatial  patterns  and  real  data  analysis.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0153.
■650  4▼aBiostatistics
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aBioinformatics
■650  4▼aGenetics
■653    ▼aSpatial  transcriptomics
■653    ▼aGene  expression
■653    ▼aCell  type
■653    ▼aHistology  images
■653    ▼aStarTrail
■690    ▼a0308
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0369
■690    ▼a0715
■71020▼aThe  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill▼bBiostatistics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0153
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357068▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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