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Essays in Mechanism Design
Essays in Mechanism Design
Essays in Mechanism Design

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103144
ISBN  
9798280756960
DDC  
658
저자명  
Wolff, Ilan.
서명/저자  
Essays in Mechanism Design
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Pennsylvania, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
159 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Azevedo, Eduardo.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation is comprised of 3 papers. Here are the abstracts for the 3 papers.Welfare Properties of the Taiwan Mechanism: This paper analyzes the welfare properties of the mechanism Taiwan uses to match students to high schools. I study the Taiwan mechanism under a theoretical model where students share the same ordinal rankings, and a single lottery determines schools' preferences. In this setting, all Taiwan mechanisms ex ante weakly Pareto dominate deferred acceptance for strategizing students. Additionally, in my model, there always exists a Taiwan mechanism that provides greater welfare than deferred acceptance to students who do not strategize. Using Cambridge Public School data, I demonstrate that the Taiwan mechanism outperforms deferred acceptance for a range of deduction rules.Broad Validity of the First-Order Approach in Moral Hazard: The first-order approach (FOA) is the main tool in the study of the pure moral hazard principal-agent problem. Although many existing results rely on the FOA, its validity has been established only under relatively restrictive assumptions. We contribute three main findings.First, we demonstrate in a broad array of examples that the FOA frequently fails when the agent's reservation utility is low (such as in principal-optimal contracts). However, the FOA holds when the agent's reservation utility is at least moderately high (such as in competitive settings where agents receive high rents).Second, our main theorem formally shows that the FOA is valid in a standard limited liability model when the agent's reservation utility is sufficiently high. The theorem also establishes existence and uniqueness of the optimal contract.Third, we use the FOA to derive tractable optimal contracts across a broad array of settings. These contracts are both simple and intuitive, and under log utility, they are piecewise linear for numerous common output distributions (including Gaussian, exponential, binomial, Gamma, and Laplace).Heterogeneous value-added for priority design in New York City high schools: School districts that use centralized matching markets can design the schools' admissions criteria to prioritize students who benefit the most from attending the school. I study heterogeneous value-added in New York City high schools to determine which students have high value-added from attending which types of schools. Students with high middle school standardized test scores benefit the most from attending academically competitive high schools. Weaker students, as well as students with disabilities and English language learners, perform better in less competitive high schools. My results suggest that NYC could increase aggregate value-added by adopting a less coarse academic priority structure at the top high schools, so that more students with high heterogeneous value-added can attend those schools.
일반주제명  
Finance
키워드  
Contract theory
키워드  
Welfare properties
키워드  
Mechanism design
키워드  
First-order approach
기타저자  
University of Pennsylvania Applied Economics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■24510▼aEssays  in  Mechanism  Design
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■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a159  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Azevedo,  Eduardo.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  is  comprised  of  3  papers.  Here  are  the  abstracts  for  the  3  papers.Welfare  Properties  of  the  Taiwan  Mechanism:  This  paper  analyzes  the  welfare  properties  of  the  mechanism  Taiwan  uses  to  match  students  to  high  schools.  I  study  the  Taiwan  mechanism  under  a  theoretical  model  where  students  share  the  same  ordinal  rankings,  and  a  single  lottery  determines  schools'  preferences.  In  this  setting,  all  Taiwan  mechanisms  ex  ante  weakly  Pareto  dominate  deferred  acceptance  for  strategizing  students.  Additionally,  in  my  model,  there  always  exists  a  Taiwan  mechanism  that  provides  greater  welfare  than  deferred  acceptance  to  students  who  do  not  strategize.  Using  Cambridge  Public  School  data,  I  demonstrate  that  the  Taiwan  mechanism  outperforms  deferred  acceptance  for  a  range  of  deduction  rules.Broad  Validity  of  the  First-Order  Approach  in  Moral  Hazard:  The  first-order  approach  (FOA)  is  the  main  tool  in  the  study  of  the  pure  moral  hazard  principal-agent  problem.  Although  many  existing  results  rely  on  the  FOA,  its  validity  has  been  established  only  under  relatively  restrictive  assumptions.  We  contribute  three  main  findings.First,  we  demonstrate  in  a  broad  array  of  examples  that  the  FOA  frequently  fails  when  the  agent's  reservation  utility  is  low  (such  as  in  principal-optimal  contracts).  However,  the  FOA  holds  when  the  agent's  reservation  utility  is  at  least  moderately  high  (such  as  in  competitive  settings  where  agents  receive  high  rents).Second,  our  main  theorem  formally  shows  that  the  FOA  is  valid  in  a  standard  limited  liability  model  when  the  agent's  reservation  utility  is  sufficiently  high.  The  theorem  also  establishes  existence  and  uniqueness  of  the  optimal  contract.Third,  we  use  the  FOA  to  derive  tractable  optimal  contracts  across  a  broad  array  of  settings.  These  contracts  are  both  simple  and  intuitive,  and  under  log  utility,  they  are  piecewise  linear  for  numerous  common  output  distributions  (including  Gaussian,  exponential,  binomial,  Gamma,  and  Laplace).Heterogeneous  value-added  for  priority  design  in  New  York  City  high  schools:  School  districts  that  use  centralized  matching  markets  can  design  the  schools'  admissions  criteria  to  prioritize  students  who  benefit  the  most  from  attending  the  school.  I  study  heterogeneous  value-added  in  New  York  City  high  schools  to  determine  which  students  have  high  value-added  from  attending  which  types  of  schools.  Students  with  high  middle  school  standardized  test  scores  benefit  the  most  from  attending  academically  competitive  high  schools.  Weaker  students,  as  well  as  students  with  disabilities  and  English  language  learners,  perform  better  in  less  competitive  high  schools.  My  results  suggest  that  NYC  could  increase  aggregate  value-added  by  adopting  a  less  coarse  academic  priority  structure  at  the  top  high  schools,  so  that  more  students  with  high  heterogeneous  value-added  can  attend  those  schools.
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■650  4▼aFinance
■653    ▼aContract  theory
■653    ▼aWelfare  properties
■653    ▼aMechanism  design
■653    ▼aFirst-order  approach
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■690    ▼a0511
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■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bApplied  Economics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12A.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357183▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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