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The Molecular Logic of Lamellipodia Formation
The Molecular Logic of Lamellipodia Formation
The Molecular Logic of Lamellipodia Formation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103144
ISBN  
9798293851317
DDC  
574
저자명  
Wu, Muziyue.
서명/저자  
The Molecular Logic of Lamellipodia Formation
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, San Francisco, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
122 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Weiner, Orion.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Cells manipulate the shapes of their plasma membrane to execute different cellular functions, ranging from endocytosis, developmental morphogenesis to the protrusions that drive cell migration. All those processes are dependent on the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, whose patterns of organization are controlled by proteins known as nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs). Cells use different NPFs to orchestrate dramatically different actin networks. For example, N-WASP controls the finger-like actin networks that comprise invadopodia, filopodia, and sites of endocytosis. In contrast, the WAVE regulatory complex organizes sheet-like protrusions known as lamellipodia that are ancient highly conserved engines of cell motility. The multivalent interactions that generate N-WASP organization are relatively well-understood and have been reconstituted with purified proteins in vitro. But how the WAVE complex oligomerizes into lines is not understood and has not proven amenable to biochemical reconstitution. This thesis project seeks to probe the rules of NPF organization that underlie lamellipodia formation and cell morphogenesis.In Chapter 2, we leveraged in vivo biochemical approaches to investigate how the native WAVE complex instructs the formation of sheet-like lamellipodia. We show that the WAVE complex is a core constituent of a linear multilayered protein array at the plasma membrane, expected for an NPF that builds sheet-like actin-based protrusions. Negative membrane curvature is both necessary and sufficient for WAVE complex linear membrane association in the presence of upstream activators(Rac, Arf1/6, PIP3) and the PRD domains of both WAVE2 and Abi2, providing a potential mechanistic basis for templating of lamellipodia and their emergent behaviors, including barrier avoidance. Through computational modeling we demonstrate that the WAVE complex's linear organization and preference for negative curvature both play important roles in robust lamellipodia formation. Our data reveal key features of mesoscale WAVE complex patterning and highlight an integral relation between NPF self-organization and cell morphogenesis.In Chapter 3, we leveraged synthetic biology to systematically probe how NPF organization leads to the emergent behaviors of cell morphogenesis and movement. We engineered synthetic NPFs that could mimic the organization pattern and function of the native NPFs. Those synthetic NPFs were designed to contain three modular parts: a protein scaffold that mimics the organization pattern of the native NPFs, a membrane binding motif to target to cell membrane, and an actin polymerization domain to build actin networks and initiate membrane morphogenesis. We tested the expression of a variety of de novo designed or native protein scaffolds in living cells, including the SPARK-ON droplets, microtubules, iPAK fibers, coiled coil sheets, and pseudobars, and observed desired localization and organization for some of those candidates. From there, we functionalized those protein scaffolds with actin polymerization domain, as well as incorporating optogenetic modules to achieve spatiotemporal control of actin polymerization and membrane morphogenesis. This synthetic approach enables us to test a much wider range of possible parameter spaces of NPF organization to probe how these biophysical properties link to function.In Chapter 4, I described my pilot work exploring and developing a variety of techniques and tools (nanotopography, DNA origami, polarized microscopy, and proximity labeling) that could be used to study the biophysical properties of native WAVE complex assembly as well as for validating and testing synthetic NPFs in the future.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
일반주제명  
Biochemistry
일반주제명  
Biophysics
키워드  
Cell motility
키워드  
Cytoskeleton
키워드  
Membrane morphogenesis
키워드  
Synthetic biology
키워드  
Plasma membrane
기타저자  
University of California, San Francisco Biophysics
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  San  Francisco▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  B.
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  San  Francisco,  2025.
■520    ▼aCells  manipulate  the  shapes  of  their  plasma  membrane  to  execute  different  cellular  functions,  ranging  from  endocytosis,  developmental  morphogenesis  to  the  protrusions  that  drive  cell  migration.  All  those  processes  are  dependent  on  the  rearrangement  of  the  actin  cytoskeleton,  whose  patterns  of  organization  are  controlled  by  proteins  known  as  nucleation-promoting  factors  (NPFs).  Cells  use  different  NPFs  to  orchestrate  dramatically  different  actin  networks.  For  example,  N-WASP  controls  the  finger-like  actin  networks  that  comprise  invadopodia,  filopodia,  and  sites  of  endocytosis.  In  contrast,  the  WAVE  regulatory  complex  organizes  sheet-like  protrusions  known  as  lamellipodia  that  are  ancient  highly  conserved  engines  of  cell  motility.  The  multivalent  interactions  that  generate  N-WASP  organization  are  relatively  well-understood  and  have  been  reconstituted  with  purified  proteins  in  vitro.  But  how  the  WAVE  complex  oligomerizes  into  lines  is  not  understood  and  has  not  proven  amenable  to  biochemical  reconstitution.  This  thesis  project  seeks  to  probe  the  rules  of  NPF  organization  that  underlie  lamellipodia  formation  and  cell  morphogenesis.In  Chapter  2,  we  leveraged  in  vivo  biochemical  approaches  to  investigate  how  the  native  WAVE  complex  instructs  the  formation  of  sheet-like  lamellipodia.  We  show  that  the  WAVE  complex  is  a  core  constituent  of  a  linear  multilayered  protein  array  at  the  plasma  membrane,  expected  for  an  NPF  that  builds  sheet-like  actin-based  protrusions.  Negative  membrane  curvature  is  both  necessary  and  sufficient  for  WAVE  complex  linear  membrane  association  in  the  presence  of  upstream  activators(Rac,  Arf1/6,  PIP3)  and  the  PRD  domains  of  both  WAVE2  and  Abi2,  providing  a  potential  mechanistic  basis  for  templating  of  lamellipodia  and  their  emergent  behaviors,  including  barrier  avoidance.  Through  computational  modeling  we  demonstrate  that  the  WAVE  complex's  linear  organization  and  preference  for  negative  curvature  both  play  important  roles  in  robust  lamellipodia  formation.  Our  data  reveal  key  features  of  mesoscale  WAVE  complex  patterning  and  highlight  an  integral  relation  between  NPF  self-organization  and  cell  morphogenesis.In  Chapter  3,  we  leveraged  synthetic  biology  to  systematically  probe  how  NPF  organization  leads  to  the  emergent  behaviors  of  cell  morphogenesis  and  movement.  We  engineered  synthetic  NPFs  that  could  mimic  the  organization  pattern  and  function  of  the  native  NPFs.  Those  synthetic  NPFs  were  designed  to  contain  three  modular  parts:  a  protein  scaffold  that  mimics  the  organization  pattern  of  the  native  NPFs,  a  membrane  binding  motif  to  target  to  cell  membrane,  and  an  actin  polymerization  domain  to  build  actin  networks  and  initiate  membrane  morphogenesis.  We  tested  the  expression  of  a  variety  of  de  novo  designed  or  native  protein  scaffolds  in  living  cells,  including  the  SPARK-ON  droplets,  microtubules,  iPAK  fibers,  coiled  coil  sheets,  and  pseudobars,  and  observed  desired  localization  and  organization  for  some  of  those  candidates.  From  there,  we  functionalized  those  protein  scaffolds  with  actin  polymerization  domain,  as  well  as  incorporating  optogenetic  modules  to  achieve  spatiotemporal  control  of  actin  polymerization  and  membrane  morphogenesis.  This  synthetic  approach  enables  us  to  test  a  much  wider  range  of  possible  parameter  spaces  of  NPF  organization  to  probe  how  these  biophysical  properties  link  to  function.In  Chapter  4,  I  described  my  pilot  work  exploring  and  developing  a  variety  of  techniques  and  tools  (nanotopography,  DNA  origami,  polarized  microscopy,  and  proximity  labeling)  that  could  be  used  to  study  the  biophysical  properties  of  native  WAVE  complex  assembly  as  well  as  for  validating  and  testing  synthetic  NPFs  in  the  future.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0034.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■650  4▼aBiochemistry
■650  4▼aBiophysics
■653    ▼aCell  motility
■653    ▼aCytoskeleton
■653    ▼aMembrane  morphogenesis
■653    ▼aSynthetic  biology
■653    ▼aPlasma  membrane
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0786
■690    ▼a0487
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  San  Francisco▼bBiophysics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03B.
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■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357184▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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