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Modern Gate Array Design Methodology and Applications
Modern Gate Array Design Methodology and Applications
Modern Gate Array Design Methodology and Applications

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103145
ISBN  
9798314867662
DDC  
621.3
저자명  
Talbot, Christopher M.
서명/저자  
Modern Gate Array Design Methodology and Applications
발행사항  
[Sl] : Carnegie Mellon University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
187 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Mai, Kenneth.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The drive for electronics to be faster and consume less power motivates Integrated Circuit (IC) foundries to cram more transistors into silicon. As these process nodes have advanced, Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) manufacturing costs have skyrocketed. In high-consequence applications such as industrial controllers, automobiles, aerospace, and defense, the increasingly complex and globalized IC manufacturing supply chain also brings many concerns due to resilience, Intellectual Property (IP) theft, counterfeiting, and tampering of an ASIC. These fixed costs (often millions in USD) and supply chain risks prohibit many companies from taping out in leading edge process nodes. General purpose ICs, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), are popular alternatives to avert high manufacturing costs and supply chain risks. However, FPGAs have high per unit costs, and re-programmability introduces Power, Area, and Performance (PAP) overhead, security concerns, and mutability concerns. A Mask Configurable Gate Array (MCGA) is a gate array configured at manufacturing time via the Back End of Line (BEOL) mask set and can bridge the PAP, up front cost, and per unit cost gap between FPGAs and ASICs. However, MCGAs have not been commercially viable due to design requirements that hamper process node portability.This work proposes a modern MCGA design framework for advanced process nodes. By relying only on an industrial Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool flow for synthesis and Place and Route (PnR) and by constructing the base fabric of the gate array with only foundry verified standard cells, is it portable across process nodes and has minimal PAP overheads compared to an ASIC. We call this a Foundational Cell-Array (FC-Array) design framework.With the FC-Array design framework, we explore the design of a generalized gate array fabric in a 28nm planar CMOS process node and a 16nm FinFET process node. We show that the gate array fabric is compatible across a wide variety of design types. We test PAP of the FC-Array from 100 MHz to 1 GHz. In the 28nm process node at 100 MHz, the FC-Array increases power by 1.34x and area 1.94x on average compared to the standard cell ASIC. At 1 GHz, the FC-Array increases power by 1.85x and area 2.56x on average compared to a standard cell ASIC. In the 16nm process node at 100 MHz, the FC-Array increases average power and average area by 1.68x and 1.72x, respectively, compared to the standard cell ASIC. At 1 GHz, the general application FC-Array increases power by 1.56x and area by 1.85x on average compared to the standard cell ASIC. We compare the FC-Array on the 28nm planar CMOS process node and the 16nm FinFET process node against an embedded FPGA (eFPGA) taped out in a 16nm FinFET process node. The eFPGA occupies 29x more area and consumes 17.8x more power than the 28nm FC-Array and occupies 103x more area and consumes 63x more power than the 16nm FC-Array.With a practical framework for a completely new type of MCGA, we explore practical applications for the FC-Array. The FC-Array can effectively bring down the manufacturing cost per mm2 silicon in a 3nm process node by over 90%. Since the IP is not in a digital form, the FC-Array does not have mutability concerns and IP theft/tampering requires risky circuit editing compared to digital modification with an FPGA. When combined with 3D split manufacturing, the FC-Array Front End of Line (FEOL) base wafer gives no details about the underlying design, enabling an untrusted foundry to manufacture the base wafer without risk of IP theft or tampering. This FEOL base wafer can also be stockpiled, buffering potential supply chain concerns.The FC-Array design framework resolves issues with difficult supply chain issues and high manufacturing costs associated with comparable performing ASICs. At the same time, FC-Array PAP is much closer to an ASIC performance. This ultimately enables a new avenue for taping out secure and high performance ICs with a lower power budget and at a more affordable cost.
일반주제명  
Electrical engineering
일반주제명  
Computer engineering
키워드  
Gate array
키워드  
Hardware security
키워드  
Integrated Circuit
키워드  
Electronic Design Automation
기타저자  
Carnegie Mellon University Electrical and Computer Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■1001  ▼aTalbot,  Christopher  M.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-3513-1815
■24510▼aModern  Gate  Array  Design  Methodology  and  Applications
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCarnegie  Mellon  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a187  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Mai,  Kenneth.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Carnegie  Mellon  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  drive  for  electronics  to  be  faster  and  consume  less  power  motivates  Integrated  Circuit  (IC)  foundries  to  cram  more  transistors  into  silicon.  As  these  process  nodes  have  advanced,  Application  Specific  Integrated  Circuit  (ASIC)  manufacturing  costs  have  skyrocketed.  In  high-consequence  applications  such  as  industrial  controllers,  automobiles,  aerospace,  and  defense,  the  increasingly  complex  and  globalized  IC  manufacturing  supply  chain  also  brings  many  concerns  due  to  resilience,  Intellectual  Property  (IP)  theft,  counterfeiting,  and  tampering  of  an  ASIC.  These  fixed  costs  (often  millions  in  USD)  and  supply  chain  risks  prohibit  many  companies  from  taping  out  in  leading  edge  process  nodes.  General  purpose  ICs,  such  as  Field  Programmable  Gate  Arrays  (FPGAs),  are  popular  alternatives  to  avert  high  manufacturing  costs  and  supply  chain  risks.  However,  FPGAs  have  high  per  unit  costs,  and  re-programmability  introduces  Power,  Area,  and  Performance  (PAP)  overhead,  security  concerns,  and  mutability  concerns.  A  Mask  Configurable  Gate  Array  (MCGA)  is  a  gate  array  configured  at  manufacturing  time  via  the  Back  End  of  Line  (BEOL)  mask  set  and  can  bridge  the  PAP,  up  front  cost,  and  per  unit  cost  gap  between  FPGAs  and  ASICs.  However,  MCGAs  have  not  been  commercially  viable  due  to  design  requirements  that  hamper  process  node  portability.This  work  proposes  a  modern  MCGA  design  framework  for  advanced  process  nodes.  By  relying  only  on  an  industrial  Electronic  Design  Automation  (EDA)  tool  flow  for  synthesis  and  Place  and  Route  (PnR)  and  by  constructing  the  base  fabric  of  the  gate  array  with  only  foundry  verified  standard  cells,  is  it  portable  across  process  nodes  and  has  minimal  PAP  overheads  compared  to  an  ASIC.  We  call  this  a  Foundational  Cell-Array  (FC-Array)  design  framework.With  the  FC-Array  design  framework,  we  explore  the  design  of  a  generalized  gate  array  fabric  in  a  28nm  planar  CMOS  process  node  and  a  16nm  FinFET  process  node.  We  show  that  the  gate  array  fabric  is  compatible  across  a  wide  variety  of  design  types.  We  test  PAP  of  the  FC-Array  from  100  MHz  to  1  GHz.  In  the  28nm  process  node  at  100  MHz,  the  FC-Array  increases  power  by  1.34x  and  area  1.94x  on  average  compared  to  the  standard  cell  ASIC.  At  1  GHz,  the  FC-Array  increases  power  by  1.85x  and  area  2.56x  on  average  compared  to  a  standard  cell  ASIC.  In  the  16nm  process  node  at  100  MHz,  the  FC-Array  increases  average  power  and  average  area  by  1.68x  and  1.72x,  respectively,  compared  to  the  standard  cell  ASIC.  At  1  GHz,  the  general  application  FC-Array  increases  power  by  1.56x  and  area  by  1.85x  on  average  compared  to  the  standard  cell  ASIC.  We  compare  the  FC-Array  on  the  28nm  planar  CMOS  process  node  and  the  16nm  FinFET  process  node  against  an  embedded  FPGA  (eFPGA)  taped  out  in  a  16nm  FinFET  process  node.  The  eFPGA  occupies  29x  more  area  and  consumes  17.8x  more  power  than  the  28nm  FC-Array  and  occupies  103x  more  area  and  consumes  63x  more  power  than  the  16nm  FC-Array.With  a  practical  framework  for  a  completely  new  type  of  MCGA,  we  explore  practical  applications  for  the  FC-Array.  The  FC-Array  can  effectively  bring  down  the  manufacturing  cost  per  mm2  silicon  in  a  3nm  process  node  by  over  90%.  Since  the  IP  is  not  in  a  digital  form,  the  FC-Array  does  not  have  mutability  concerns  and  IP  theft/tampering  requires  risky  circuit  editing  compared  to  digital  modification  with  an  FPGA.  When  combined  with  3D  split  manufacturing,  the  FC-Array  Front  End  of  Line  (FEOL)  base  wafer  gives  no  details  about  the  underlying  design,  enabling  an  untrusted  foundry  to  manufacture  the  base  wafer  without  risk  of  IP  theft  or  tampering.  This  FEOL  base  wafer  can  also  be  stockpiled,  buffering  potential  supply  chain  concerns.The  FC-Array  design  framework  resolves  issues  with  difficult  supply  chain  issues  and  high  manufacturing  costs  associated  with  comparable  performing  ASICs.  At  the  same  time,  FC-Array  PAP  is  much  closer  to  an  ASIC  performance.  This  ultimately  enables  a  new  avenue  for  taping  out  secure  and  high  performance  ICs  with  a  lower  power  budget  and  at  a  more  affordable  cost.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0041.
■650  4▼aElectrical  engineering
■650  4▼aComputer  engineering
■653    ▼aGate  array
■653    ▼aHardware  security
■653    ▼aIntegrated  Circuit
■653    ▼aElectronic  Design  Automation
■690    ▼a0544
■690    ▼a0464
■71020▼aCarnegie  Mellon  University▼bElectrical  and  Computer  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0041
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357187▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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