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Embryonic Plasticity Through Evolution and Development in the Acoel Hofstenia miamia
Embryonic Plasticity Through Evolution and Development in the Acoel Hofstenia miamia
Embryonic Plasticity Through Evolution and Development in the Acoel Hofstenia miamia

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105145
ISBN  
9798265410160
DDC  
574
저자명  
Rock, Amber.
서명/저자  
Embryonic Plasticity Through Evolution and Development in the Acoel Hofstenia miamia
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
133 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Srivastava, Mansi.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The single-celled zygote ultimately develops into an adult animal with many diverse terminal cell types and tissues. This totipotency is lost during subsequent cleavages as specification begins in the embryo. In Chapter 1, I reviewed and synthesized literature on the divergent modes of early cleavage across animals. Through this study, it was revealed that many phyla, including Xenacoelomorpha, are understudied in regard to early embryonic plasticity. To investigate the potentials of embryonic cells in xenacoelomorphs, I studied the acoel worm Hofstenia miamia, which enables investigations of embryos in the lab. Though H. miamia adults are known for their tremendous regenerative capacity, no prior study has examined the embryo's capacity to compensate for missing cells. In Chapter 2, I conducted an exhaustive examination of the post-zygotic totipotency and embryonic plasticity of the early embryo, from the 2-cell stage to the 8-cell stage. I isolated blastomeres at the 2- and 4-cell stage and found that both 2-cell blastomeres and the 4-cell stage macromeres were competent to develop into complete adult worms, exhibiting post-zygotic totipotency. Examination of the progeny of the micromeres and macromeres at the 4- and 8-cell stage showed that micromeres are specified upon birth and cannot develop cell types beyond what they endogenously produce in the wild type embryo, whereas isolated macromeres can develop cell types beyond their endogenous fates. A dissociation and reconstitution assay found that all blastomeres at the 8-cell stage can expand their developmental potential and contribute to exogenous cell types in response to the perturbation, despite earlier specification. The H. miamia embryo exhibits extraordinary plasticity despite having an invariant cleavage program with early, fate-specifying cleavages. In Chapter 3, I attempted to uncover differentially expressed transcripts between the micromeres and macromeres of the early-stage H. miamia embryos. I assembled a new version of the H. miamia transcriptome, enriched for embryonic stages, adding an additional 6,839 transcripts to the previous transcriptome assembly. After remapping newly and previously collected data to the updated transcriptome, I was able to identify cell type marker genes that were expressed earlier during embryogenesis. Altogether, my thesis research provides a summation of previous experimental embryology experiments across animals, a characterization of the plasticity in the early embryo of the acoel H. miamia and identified putative mRNA maternal determinants in the early embryo.
일반주제명  
Developmental biology
일반주제명  
Plastics
일반주제명  
Evolution & development
키워드  
Cleavage
키워드  
Embryology
키워드  
Evolution
키워드  
Plasticity
키워드  
Totipotency
기타저자  
Harvard University Biology Organismic and Evolutionary
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aRock,  Amber.
■24510▼aEmbryonic  Plasticity  Through  Evolution  and  Development  in  the  Acoel  Hofstenia  miamia
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
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■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Srivastava,  Mansi.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  single-celled  zygote  ultimately  develops  into  an  adult  animal  with  many  diverse  terminal  cell  types  and  tissues.  This  totipotency  is  lost  during  subsequent  cleavages  as  specification  begins  in  the  embryo.  In  Chapter  1,  I  reviewed  and  synthesized  literature  on  the  divergent  modes  of  early  cleavage  across  animals.  Through  this  study,  it  was  revealed  that  many  phyla,  including  Xenacoelomorpha,  are  understudied  in  regard  to  early  embryonic  plasticity.  To  investigate  the  potentials  of  embryonic  cells  in  xenacoelomorphs,  I  studied  the  acoel  worm  Hofstenia  miamia,  which  enables  investigations  of  embryos  in  the  lab.  Though  H.  miamia  adults  are  known  for  their  tremendous  regenerative  capacity,  no  prior  study  has  examined  the  embryo's  capacity  to  compensate  for  missing  cells.  In  Chapter  2,  I  conducted  an  exhaustive  examination  of  the  post-zygotic  totipotency  and  embryonic  plasticity  of  the  early  embryo,  from  the  2-cell  stage  to  the  8-cell  stage.  I  isolated  blastomeres  at  the  2-  and  4-cell  stage  and  found  that  both  2-cell  blastomeres  and  the  4-cell  stage  macromeres  were  competent  to  develop  into  complete  adult  worms,  exhibiting  post-zygotic  totipotency.  Examination  of  the  progeny  of  the  micromeres  and  macromeres  at  the  4-  and  8-cell  stage  showed  that  micromeres  are  specified  upon  birth  and  cannot  develop  cell  types  beyond  what  they  endogenously  produce  in  the  wild  type  embryo,  whereas  isolated  macromeres  can  develop  cell  types  beyond  their  endogenous  fates.  A  dissociation  and  reconstitution  assay  found  that  all  blastomeres  at  the  8-cell  stage  can  expand  their  developmental  potential  and  contribute  to  exogenous  cell  types  in  response  to  the  perturbation,  despite  earlier  specification.  The  H.  miamia  embryo  exhibits  extraordinary  plasticity  despite  having  an  invariant  cleavage  program  with  early,  fate-specifying  cleavages.  In  Chapter  3,  I  attempted  to  uncover  differentially  expressed  transcripts  between  the  micromeres  and  macromeres  of  the  early-stage  H.  miamia  embryos.  I  assembled  a  new  version  of  the  H.  miamia  transcriptome,  enriched  for  embryonic  stages,  adding  an  additional  6,839 transcripts  to  the  previous  transcriptome  assembly.  After  remapping  newly  and  previously  collected  data  to  the  updated  transcriptome,  I  was  able  to  identify  cell  type  marker  genes  that  were  expressed  earlier  during  embryogenesis.  Altogether,  my  thesis  research  provides  a  summation  of  previous  experimental  embryology  experiments  across  animals,  a  characterization  of  the  plasticity  in  the  early  embryo  of  the  acoel  H.  miamia  and  identified  putative  mRNA  maternal  determinants  in  the  early  embryo.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aDevelopmental  biology
■650  4▼aPlastics
■650  4▼aEvolution  &  development
■653    ▼aCleavage
■653    ▼aEmbryology
■653    ▼aEvolution
■653    ▼aPlasticity
■653    ▼aTotipotency
■690    ▼a0758
■690    ▼a0412
■690    ▼a0795
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bBiology,  Organismic  and  Evolutionary.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359610▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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