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Evaluating the Impact of Different Ventilation Shutdown Methods for Emergency Depopulation
Evaluating the Impact of Different Ventilation Shutdown Methods for Emergency Depopulation
Evaluating the Impact of Different Ventilation Shutdown Methods for Emergency Depopulation

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105629
ISBN  
9798297619463
DDC  
612.8
저자명  
Harding, Kari Lyn.
서명/저자  
Evaluating the Impact of Different Ventilation Shutdown Methods for Emergency Depopulation
발행사항  
[Sl] : North Carolina State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
264 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Anderson, Kenneth E.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has caused major issues within the poultry industry due to its rapid spread and lethality. When poultry test positive for this disease, they must be depopulated within 24-48 hours after confirmation. Depopulation is necessary to rapidly depopulate poultry as quickly and efficiently as possible while taking as much regard to the birds' welfare as possible. These massive outbreaks lead to depletion of depopulation resources highlighting the need for other methods that are just as effective and are accessible.Additional methods are needed and useful especially if they quicken depopulation and reduce bird stress levels. Ventilation shutdown plus (VSD+) is a method that is approved by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) in constrained circumstances. This dissertation evaluated how different depopulation methods affected poultry time of death (TOD), electroencephalograms (EEGs), pre and post core body temperatures, and blood chemistry. The three treatments that were evaluated for laying hens, broilers, and turkeys, were ventilation shutdown plus heat (VSDH), ventilation shutdown plus heat and relative humidity (VSDHRh), and ventilation shutdown plus carbon dioxide (VSDCO2). The last trial evaluated the differences in VSDH, VDSCO2, and ventilation shutdown plus nitrogen gas (VSDN2) in laying hens alone. Each of these trials had three phases with Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3. Phase 1 evaluated the TOD, EEG, core body temperatures, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and blood chemistry in poultry from onset to TOD. Phase 2 evaluated the changes in HSP70 expression and blood chemistry at calculated removal times based on the average time of death from birds in their respective Phase 1. Both Phase 1 and 2 trials were conducted in environmentally controlled chambers. Phase 3 for each trial was scaled up to mimic industry settings conducted in a 19.5 ft. X 15 ft. X 8 ft. room.The laying hen trial evaluating the effects of VSDHRh in Phase 1, VSDCO2 had significantly quicker TOD compared to VSDH or VSDHRh. Both VSDH and VSDHRh had significantly greater levels of HSP70 production, however there were no differences amongst laying hen behaviors or EEGs. For Phase 3, VSDHRh resulted in greater changes in corticosterone compared to the other two treatments. In the broiler trial Phase 1, much like the layers, the TOD was fastest in the VSDCO2. Based on the EEGs, there was a shift toward unconscious behaviors close to the midway point to TOD. High CO2 concentration in VSDCO2 resulted in changes in pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) compared to both VSDH and VSDHRH. In Phase 2, the parameters measured indicated that there was similarity amongst the treatments over time. In Phase 3 VSDH had 0.4% survival rate whereas VSDRH and VSDCO2 had 100% mortality.Hen turkey depopulation was significantly quicker with VSDCO2 compared to the other two treatments. There were no differences in unconscious or conscious behaviors. In VSDCO2 pCO2 was higher than VSDH. There was a greater survivability in VSDH at 25.7% whereas VSDHRh and VSDCO2 had 100%. The layer trial evaluating VSDN2 resulting in similar TOD in VSDN2 and VSDCO2 which were quicker than VSDH. VSDN2 had significantly greater areas under the EEG curves compared to VSDH. Phase 3, VSDN2 had the longest TOD compared to either VSDH or VSDCO2. More research should be conducted to fully determine the effects of each of these treatments on poultry.
일반주제명  
Unconsciousness
일반주제명  
Electroencephalography
일반주제명  
Poultry
일반주제명  
Carbon dioxide
일반주제명  
Animal diseases
일반주제명  
Animal sciences
키워드  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
키워드  
Electroencephalograms
기타저자  
North Carolina State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aHarding,  Kari  Lyn.
■24510▼aEvaluating  the  Impact  of  Different  Ventilation  Shutdown  Methods  for  Emergency  Depopulation
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bNorth  Carolina  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a264  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Anderson,  Kenneth  E.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--North  Carolina  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aHighly  Pathogenic  Avian  Influenza  (HPAI)  has  caused  major  issues  within  the  poultry  industry  due  to  its  rapid  spread  and  lethality.  When  poultry  test  positive  for  this  disease,  they  must  be  depopulated  within  24-48  hours  after  confirmation.  Depopulation  is  necessary  to  rapidly  depopulate  poultry  as  quickly  and  efficiently  as  possible  while  taking  as  much  regard  to  the  birds'  welfare  as  possible.  These  massive  outbreaks  lead  to  depletion  of  depopulation  resources  highlighting  the  need  for  other  methods  that  are  just  as  effective  and  are  accessible.Additional  methods  are  needed  and  useful  especially  if  they  quicken  depopulation  and  reduce  bird  stress  levels.  Ventilation  shutdown  plus  (VSD+)  is  a  method  that  is  approved  by  the  American  Veterinary  Medical  Association  (AVMA)  in  constrained  circumstances.  This  dissertation  evaluated  how  different  depopulation  methods  affected  poultry  time  of  death  (TOD),  electroencephalograms  (EEGs),  pre  and  post  core  body  temperatures,  and  blood  chemistry.  The  three  treatments  that  were  evaluated  for  laying  hens,  broilers,  and  turkeys,  were  ventilation  shutdown  plus  heat  (VSDH),  ventilation  shutdown  plus  heat  and  relative  humidity  (VSDHRh),  and  ventilation  shutdown  plus  carbon  dioxide  (VSDCO2).  The  last  trial  evaluated  the  differences  in  VSDH,  VDSCO2,  and  ventilation  shutdown  plus  nitrogen  gas  (VSDN2)  in  laying  hens  alone.  Each  of  these  trials  had  three  phases  with  Phase  1,  Phase  2,  and  Phase  3.  Phase  1  evaluated  the  TOD,  EEG,  core  body  temperatures,  heat  shock  protein  70  (HSP70)  and  blood  chemistry  in  poultry  from  onset  to  TOD.  Phase  2  evaluated  the  changes  in  HSP70  expression  and  blood  chemistry  at  calculated  removal  times  based  on  the  average  time  of  death  from  birds  in  their  respective  Phase  1.  Both  Phase  1  and  2  trials  were  conducted  in  environmentally  controlled  chambers.  Phase  3  for  each  trial  was  scaled  up  to  mimic  industry  settings  conducted  in  a  19.5  ft.  X  15  ft.  X  8  ft.  room.The  laying  hen  trial  evaluating  the  effects  of  VSDHRh  in  Phase  1,  VSDCO2  had  significantly  quicker  TOD  compared  to  VSDH  or  VSDHRh.  Both  VSDH  and  VSDHRh  had  significantly  greater  levels  of  HSP70  production,  however  there  were  no  differences  amongst  laying  hen  behaviors  or  EEGs.  For  Phase  3,  VSDHRh  resulted  in  greater  changes  in  corticosterone  compared  to  the  other  two  treatments.  In  the  broiler  trial  Phase  1,  much  like  the  layers,  the  TOD  was  fastest  in  the  VSDCO2.  Based  on  the  EEGs,  there  was  a  shift  toward  unconscious  behaviors  close  to  the  midway  point  to  TOD.  High  CO2  concentration  in  VSDCO2  resulted  in  changes  in  pH,  partial  pressure  of  CO2  (pCO2),  and  partial  pressure  of  oxygen  (pO2)  compared  to  both  VSDH  and  VSDHRH.  In  Phase  2,  the  parameters  measured  indicated  that  there  was  similarity  amongst  the  treatments  over  time.  In  Phase  3  VSDH  had  0.4%  survival  rate  whereas  VSDRH  and  VSDCO2  had  100%  mortality.Hen  turkey  depopulation  was  significantly  quicker  with  VSDCO2  compared  to  the  other  two  treatments.  There  were  no  differences  in  unconscious  or  conscious  behaviors.  In  VSDCO2  pCO2  was  higher  than  VSDH.  There  was  a  greater  survivability  in  VSDH  at  25.7%  whereas  VSDHRh  and  VSDCO2  had  100%.  The  layer  trial  evaluating  VSDN2  resulting  in  similar  TOD  in  VSDN2  and  VSDCO2  which  were  quicker  than  VSDH.  VSDN2  had  significantly  greater  areas  under  the  EEG  curves  compared  to  VSDH.  Phase  3,  VSDN2  had  the  longest  TOD  compared  to  either  VSDH  or  VSDCO2.  More  research  should  be  conducted  to  fully  determine  the  effects  of  each  of  these  treatments  on  poultry.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0155.
■650  4▼aUnconsciousness
■650  4▼aElectroencephalography
■650  4▼aPoultry
■650  4▼aCarbon  dioxide
■650  4▼aAnimal  diseases
■650  4▼aAnimal  sciences
■653    ▼aHighly  Pathogenic  Avian  Influenza
■653    ▼aElectroencephalograms
■690    ▼a0475
■690    ▼a0476
■71020▼aNorth  Carolina  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0155
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360860▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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