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Reducing Phytotoxic Effects in Engineered Pine Wood Substrates Through Aging and Preconditioning Treatments
Reducing Phytotoxic Effects in Engineered Pine Wood Substrates Through Aging and Preconditioning Treatments
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105630
- ISBN
- 9798297621220
- DDC
- 000
- 서명/저자
- Reducing Phytotoxic Effects in Engineered Pine Wood Substrates Through Aging and Preconditioning Treatments
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : North Carolina State University, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 253 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Jackson, Brian E.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약As demand grows for alternatives to peat in soilless culture, wood-based substrates have emerged as viable options. However, fresh hammer-milled processed tree substrate (PTS), can exhibit phytotoxicity due to naturally occurring chemical compounds within wood. This dissertation investigates the nature, origin, and mitigation of phytotoxic compounds in hammermilled wood substrates of differing coniferous tree species with the goal of improving their utility in greenhouse and nursery crop production.The research focused on three primary areas: (1) identifying and reducing phytotoxic effects in fresh loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) tree substrate, (2) evaluating preplant additive strategies for detoxification, and (3) determining species variability in wood phytotoxicity among five common western U.S. conifers and their suitability for substrate usage.Plant growth trials using wood substrates with and without peat and bioassays incorporating wood leachate extracts were employed to assess the severity and reduction of phytotoxicity over time of aging. Initial trials showed that fresh PTS strongly inhibited seed germination and plant growth, consistent with literature suggesting the presence of allelopathic compounds such as resin acids, phenolics, and fatty acids. These compounds are natural defense agents in wood that can be either water-soluble or volatile and may interfere with plant cellular processes. To mitigate toxicity, four preplant additives were tested for their efficacy in neutralizing harmful compounds: activated carbon, activated alumina, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ammonium carbonate. Among these, activated carbon at 8.9 g·L⁻¹ was highly effective. It significantly improved seed germination and plant biomass accumulation across all tested species and methods, including sand culture and leachate-based germination trials. In contrast, activated alumina and PVP had minimal or no effect at tested rates, while ammonium carbonate proved detrimental at all levels of application.To evaluate phytotoxicity across species, substrates were produced from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), white fir (Abies concolor), Douglas fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii) and California incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). While all exhibited some phytotoxic potential, the degree varied notably by species, suggesting that phytotoxic extractive chemistry and concentration are species-specific. This highlights opportunities for strategic species selection in future substrate development. However, phytotoxicity in each wood species decreased over time as PTS was aged seven weeks after processing.Another major focus of this work was the role of substrate aging. Fresh PTS harvested, milled, and aged in both summer and winter seasons exhibited variable phytotoxicity over time. Three-month aging trials revealed a significant decline in toxicity over time, supporting the hypothesis that microbial degradation and volatilization of extractives reduce phytotoxicity naturally. This finding reinforces aging as a viable remediation strategy in the absence of high-temperature processing methods like common commercial wood substrate manufacturing methods (i.e. disc refining or screw extruding). Phenolic acids, resin acids, and free fatty acids were measured over 12 weeks of aging in both winter and summer processed wood substrates. These chemicals were hypothesized to negatively affect plant growth and development; however, their concentrations did not decrease over time, suggesting that other broad chemical groups such as volatile organic compounds and organic acids are also attributing to phytotoxicity. It is likely that physical wood processing techniques that incorporate heat and/or pre-soaking steps reduce these compounds during manufacturing. In conclusion, this dissertation advances the understanding of phytotoxicity in wood-based substrates and outlines practical, science-based strategies to mitigate it. Activated carbon and aging seem to be the most effective methods for reducing toxicity in fresh hammer-milled pine substrates. These insights contribute directly to the advancement of sustainable horticultural practices and the development of renewable substrate solutions for global growing media markets.
- 일반주제명
- Bioassays
- 일반주제명
- Allelopathy
- 일반주제명
- Pollutants
- 일반주제명
- Flowers & plants
- 일반주제명
- Forestry
- 일반주제명
- Alumina
- 일반주제명
- Winter
- 일반주제명
- Horticulture
- 일반주제명
- Summer
- 일반주제명
- Activated carbon
- 일반주제명
- Nitrogen
- 일반주제명
- Wood products
- 일반주제명
- Phytotoxicity
- 일반주제명
- Additives
- 일반주제명
- Fertilizers
- 일반주제명
- Seeds
- 일반주제명
- Trees
- 일반주제명
- Chemicals
- 일반주제명
- Phenols
- 일반주제명
- Plant growth
- 일반주제명
- Leachates
- 일반주제명
- Harvest
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a000
■1001 ▼aBobo, Jackson Gregory.
■24510▼aReducing Phytotoxic Effects in Engineered Pine Wood Substrates Through Aging and Preconditioning Treatments
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bNorth Carolina State University▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a253 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Jackson, Brian E.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2025.
■520 ▼aAs demand grows for alternatives to peat in soilless culture, wood-based substrates have emerged as viable options. However, fresh hammer-milled processed tree substrate (PTS), can exhibit phytotoxicity due to naturally occurring chemical compounds within wood. This dissertation investigates the nature, origin, and mitigation of phytotoxic compounds in hammermilled wood substrates of differing coniferous tree species with the goal of improving their utility in greenhouse and nursery crop production.The research focused on three primary areas: (1) identifying and reducing phytotoxic effects in fresh loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) tree substrate, (2) evaluating preplant additive strategies for detoxification, and (3) determining species variability in wood phytotoxicity among five common western U.S. conifers and their suitability for substrate usage.Plant growth trials using wood substrates with and without peat and bioassays incorporating wood leachate extracts were employed to assess the severity and reduction of phytotoxicity over time of aging. Initial trials showed that fresh PTS strongly inhibited seed germination and plant growth, consistent with literature suggesting the presence of allelopathic compounds such as resin acids, phenolics, and fatty acids. These compounds are natural defense agents in wood that can be either water-soluble or volatile and may interfere with plant cellular processes. To mitigate toxicity, four preplant additives were tested for their efficacy in neutralizing harmful compounds: activated carbon, activated alumina, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ammonium carbonate. Among these, activated carbon at 8.9 g·L⁻¹ was highly effective. It significantly improved seed germination and plant biomass accumulation across all tested species and methods, including sand culture and leachate-based germination trials. In contrast, activated alumina and PVP had minimal or no effect at tested rates, while ammonium carbonate proved detrimental at all levels of application.To evaluate phytotoxicity across species, substrates were produced from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), white fir (Abies concolor), Douglas fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii) and California incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). While all exhibited some phytotoxic potential, the degree varied notably by species, suggesting that phytotoxic extractive chemistry and concentration are species-specific. This highlights opportunities for strategic species selection in future substrate development. However, phytotoxicity in each wood species decreased over time as PTS was aged seven weeks after processing.Another major focus of this work was the role of substrate aging. Fresh PTS harvested, milled, and aged in both summer and winter seasons exhibited variable phytotoxicity over time. Three-month aging trials revealed a significant decline in toxicity over time, supporting the hypothesis that microbial degradation and volatilization of extractives reduce phytotoxicity naturally. This finding reinforces aging as a viable remediation strategy in the absence of high-temperature processing methods like common commercial wood substrate manufacturing methods (i.e. disc refining or screw extruding). Phenolic acids, resin acids, and free fatty acids were measured over 12 weeks of aging in both winter and summer processed wood substrates. These chemicals were hypothesized to negatively affect plant growth and development; however, their concentrations did not decrease over time, suggesting that other broad chemical groups such as volatile organic compounds and organic acids are also attributing to phytotoxicity. It is likely that physical wood processing techniques that incorporate heat and/or pre-soaking steps reduce these compounds during manufacturing. In conclusion, this dissertation advances the understanding of phytotoxicity in wood-based substrates and outlines practical, science-based strategies to mitigate it. Activated carbon and aging seem to be the most effective methods for reducing toxicity in fresh hammer-milled pine substrates. These insights contribute directly to the advancement of sustainable horticultural practices and the development of renewable substrate solutions for global growing media markets.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0155.
■650 4▼aBioassays
■650 4▼aVolatile organic compounds--VOCs
■650 4▼aAllelopathy
■650 4▼aPollutants
■650 4▼aFlowers & plants
■650 4▼aForestry
■650 4▼aAlumina
■650 4▼aWinter
■650 4▼aHorticulture
■650 4▼aSummer
■650 4▼aActivated carbon
■650 4▼aNitrogen
■650 4▼aWood products
■650 4▼aPhytotoxicity
■650 4▼aAdditives
■650 4▼aFertilizers
■650 4▼aSeeds
■650 4▼aTrees
■650 4▼aChemicals
■650 4▼aPhenols
■650 4▼aPlant growth
■650 4▼aLeachates
■650 4▼aHarvest
■653 ▼aProcessed tree substrate
■653 ▼aPhytotoxic effects
■690 ▼a0471
■690 ▼a0478
■71020▼aNorth Carolina State University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-04B.
■790 ▼a0155
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360863▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


