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Older Adult Perspectives on Life Expectancy in Cancer Screening Decision Making: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
Older Adult Perspectives on Life Expectancy in Cancer Screening Decision Making: A Mixed-M...
Older Adult Perspectives on Life Expectancy in Cancer Screening Decision Making: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105633
ISBN  
9798297644601
DDC  
614
저자명  
Brotzman, Laura E.
서명/저자  
Older Adult Perspectives on Life Expectancy in Cancer Screening Decision Making: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
208 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Life expectancy estimates for older adults can inform preventive care decisions such as cancer screening by helping weigh potential risks, harms, benefits, and lag time to benefit tradeoffs that change as people age. Guidelines increasingly recommend that cancer screening decisions for older adults be based on life expectancy to help determine whether screening is appropriate. Despite this, use of life expectancy as a decision-making metric depends on acceptance from both clinicians and older adults. This dissertation used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study design to investigate US older adults' perspectives on life expectancy estimates to guide cancer screening recommendations and decisions. Study 1 used data from the National Poll on Healthy Aging, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey (n=1298) to quantitatively characterize older adults' (aged 65-80) attitudes and beliefs about life expectancy information and the acceptability of its use in clinical contexts. Studies 2 and 3 used in-depth qualitative interviews with older adults aged 65 and up (n=22; mean age = 74) to investigate their conceptual understanding of life expectancy and assess beliefs about the relevance of life expectancy in cancer screening decision making. Study 2 identified patterns and relationships in the data to develop a visual representation of how older adults conceptualize life expectancy and the utility of life expectancy estimates. Study 3 mapped older adult mental models of cancer screening decision making and compared it to an expert model to assess how older adults' screening decisions differ from current cancer screening guidelines. Findings from Study 1 suggest most older adults are interested in knowing their life expectancy, but very few are having conversations about it with clinicians to inform healthcare decisions. Despite interest in personal life expectancy, older adults disagree with the use of life expectancy in guidelines and certain care recommendations, and use of life expectancy appeared to be more acceptable to justify care rather than discontinue care. Study 2 found older adults have varied understandings of what life expectancy is and some have confusion and concerns about life expectancy conceptually. As a result, older adults held varied beliefs about whether and how life expectancy estimates should be used in medical decision making. Study 3 found that older adults look at cancer screening decisions through a fundamentally different lens than screening guidelines, one that overemphasizes benefits of screening and does not always believe life expectancy is appropriate or relevant to consider in cancer screening decisions. It is clear from this research that older adults in the US do not think about life expectancy in the same way as guidelines, clinicians, or even each other. As a result, they face considerable conceptual barriers to using life expectancy as a decision-making metric for cancer screening or other care decisions. Overall, findings caution against using life expectancy as an oversimplified metric, threshold, or all-inclusive indicator of health and aging for older adults in cancer screening decision making and strongly suggest the need for intentionality whenever the topic of life expectancy is brought up with older adults. Furthermore, insights from this dissertation provide justification for refining and improving clinician communication with patients about life expectancy and cancer screening to better consider the preferences and decisional factors that matter most to older adults.
일반주제명  
Public health
일반주제명  
Oncology
일반주제명  
Medicine
일반주제명  
Medical imaging
키워드  
Life expectancy
키워드  
Medical decision making
키워드  
Cancer screening
키워드  
Healthcare decisions
기타저자  
University of Michigan Hlth Behavior & Hlth Equit PhD
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aLife  expectancy  estimates  for  older  adults  can  inform  preventive  care  decisions  such  as  cancer  screening  by  helping  weigh  potential  risks,  harms,  benefits,  and  lag  time  to  benefit  tradeoffs  that  change  as  people  age.  Guidelines  increasingly  recommend  that  cancer  screening  decisions  for  older  adults  be  based  on  life  expectancy  to  help  determine  whether  screening  is  appropriate.  Despite  this,  use  of  life  expectancy  as  a  decision-making  metric  depends  on  acceptance  from  both  clinicians  and  older  adults.  This  dissertation  used  an  explanatory  sequential  mixed-methods  study  design  to  investigate  US  older  adults'  perspectives  on  life  expectancy  estimates  to  guide  cancer  screening  recommendations  and  decisions.  Study  1  used  data  from  the  National  Poll  on  Healthy  Aging,  a  cross-sectional,  nationally  representative  survey  (n=1298)  to  quantitatively  characterize  older  adults'  (aged  65-80)  attitudes  and  beliefs  about  life  expectancy  information  and  the  acceptability  of  its  use  in  clinical  contexts.  Studies  2  and  3  used  in-depth  qualitative  interviews  with  older  adults  aged  65  and  up  (n=22;  mean  age  =  74)  to  investigate  their  conceptual  understanding  of  life  expectancy  and  assess  beliefs  about  the  relevance  of  life  expectancy  in  cancer  screening  decision  making.  Study  2  identified  patterns  and  relationships  in  the  data  to  develop  a  visual  representation  of  how  older  adults  conceptualize  life  expectancy  and  the  utility  of  life  expectancy  estimates.  Study  3  mapped  older  adult  mental  models  of  cancer  screening  decision  making  and  compared  it  to  an  expert  model  to  assess  how  older  adults'  screening  decisions  differ  from  current  cancer  screening  guidelines.      Findings  from  Study  1  suggest  most  older  adults  are  interested  in  knowing  their  life  expectancy,  but  very  few  are  having  conversations  about  it  with  clinicians  to  inform  healthcare  decisions.  Despite  interest  in  personal  life  expectancy,  older  adults  disagree  with  the  use  of  life  expectancy  in  guidelines  and  certain  care  recommendations,  and  use  of  life  expectancy  appeared  to  be  more  acceptable  to  justify  care  rather  than  discontinue  care.  Study  2  found  older  adults  have  varied  understandings  of  what  life  expectancy  is  and  some  have  confusion  and  concerns  about  life  expectancy  conceptually.  As  a  result,  older  adults  held  varied  beliefs  about  whether  and  how  life  expectancy  estimates  should  be  used  in  medical  decision  making.  Study  3  found  that  older  adults  look  at  cancer  screening  decisions  through  a  fundamentally  different  lens  than  screening  guidelines,  one  that  overemphasizes  benefits  of  screening  and  does  not  always  believe  life  expectancy  is  appropriate  or  relevant  to  consider  in  cancer  screening  decisions.    It  is  clear  from  this  research  that  older  adults  in  the  US  do  not  think  about  life  expectancy  in  the  same  way  as  guidelines,  clinicians,  or  even  each  other.  As  a  result,  they  face  considerable  conceptual  barriers  to  using  life  expectancy  as  a  decision-making  metric  for  cancer  screening  or  other  care  decisions.  Overall,  findings  caution  against  using  life  expectancy  as  an  oversimplified  metric,  threshold,  or  all-inclusive  indicator  of  health  and  aging  for  older  adults  in  cancer  screening  decision  making  and  strongly  suggest  the  need  for  intentionality  whenever  the  topic  of  life  expectancy  is  brought  up  with  older  adults.  Furthermore,  insights  from  this  dissertation  provide  justification  for  refining  and  improving  clinician  communication  with  patients  about  life  expectancy  and  cancer  screening  to  better  consider  the  preferences  and  decisional  factors  that  matter  most  to  older  adults.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■650  4▼aOncology
■650  4▼aMedicine
■650  4▼aMedical  imaging
■653    ▼aLife  expectancy
■653    ▼aMedical  decision  making
■653    ▼aCancer  screening
■653    ▼aHealthcare  decisions
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■690    ▼a0574
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■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bHlth  Behavior  &  Hlth  Equit  PhD.
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