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Orienting the Roles of Consumers and Communities in a More Distributed Grid
Orienting the Roles of Consumers and Communities in a More Distributed Grid
Orienting the Roles of Consumers and Communities in a More Distributed Grid

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105633
ISBN  
9798297644670
DDC  
621
저자명  
Wildstein, Pamela.
서명/저자  
Orienting the Roles of Consumers and Communities in a More Distributed Grid
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of Michigan, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
152 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Campbell, Scott D.;Craig, Michael T.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The United States electric grid is undergoing a paradigm shift from a system reliant on the centralized generation of electricity to one increasingly based in distributed generation. These distributed energy resources (DERs), or smaller resources located at the point of consumption, fundamentally alter the grid by enabling individuals to interact with the system differently. When aggregated, they allow consumers to participate in transmission system processes, leading to new questions surrounding the impact of a more distributed system on actors involved with the functionality of the grid and the extent to which consumer behavior can be relied on to increase system reliability. With this dissertation, I seek to understand how the ability of DER aggregations to provide services to the transmission system changes the role of communities and consumers in the grid. Chapters 2 and 3 consider the grid of the present and analyze demand response programs. Chapter 4 looks to the future and engages in a concept development exercise to theorize how DER aggregation participation in wholesale electricity markets changes the role of communities in the grid. Chapter 2 combines household- and power-system level models to quantify the impact of override behavior on the reliability contribution of a summer residential air conditioning direct load control program in California under various program designs. I find that overrides have a minor impact on the reliability value of a program that calls events for one hour, but when events lasted for three or four hours, overrides can lead to a 60% reduction in reliability value. Participant behavior has significant implications for program outcomes and policymakers must consider tradeoffs between override flexibility and savings. Chapter 3 uses statistical methods to estimate the performance of six California residential time of use (TOU) rates during hours with a risk to system reliability from 2020 to 2022. All rates show evidence of the TOU samples consuming statistically significantly less than those on flat rates during high-risk hours, with average changes in consumption ranging from 2.9% more to 44% less. Variability in results across utilities and climate zones indicates that the potential reliability contribution of TOU rates is dependent on location and customer base. TOU rates must be designed with customers and their environment in mind to balance reliability impacts and consumer well-being. Finally, Chapter 4 theorizes about the future of the grid and proposes the concept of "gridmaking" to add social and spatial elements to DER aggregation theories. A combination of the planning concept of placemaking and the energy prosumer, "gridmaking" describes the ways consumers can use DERs to actively "make" and shape the grid that serves them instead of passively purchasing power from their utilities. While DERs empower communities to take a more active role in the system, they may also lead to local bypasses and exacerbate pre-existing energy injustices. This dissertation concludes that DER aggregations have significant implications for the roles of consumers and communities. The performance of demand response programs are dependent on the willingness of participants to respond and an expansion in DER aggregation participation in wholesale electricity markets allow communities to engage in placemaking like actions in the spaces of the grid. The grid of the future will ask more of consumers and conceptualizing the system as consumer-oriented and more place-based is imperative to ensuring reliability and energy justice.
일반주제명  
Energy
일반주제명  
Geography
일반주제명  
Urban planning
일반주제명  
Sustainability
키워드  
Distributed energy resources
키워드  
Demand response
키워드  
Resource adequacy
키워드  
Placemaking
키워드  
Energy geography
기타저자  
University of Michigan Env & Sust & URP PhD
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aWildstein,  Pamela.
■24510▼aOrienting  the  Roles  of  Consumers  and  Communities  in  a  More  Distributed  Grid
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  Michigan▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a152  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Campbell,  Scott  D.;Craig,  Michael  T.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Michigan,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  United  States  electric  grid  is  undergoing  a  paradigm  shift  from  a  system  reliant  on  the  centralized  generation  of  electricity  to  one  increasingly  based  in  distributed  generation.  These  distributed  energy  resources  (DERs),  or  smaller  resources  located  at  the  point  of  consumption,  fundamentally  alter  the  grid  by  enabling  individuals  to  interact  with  the  system  differently.  When  aggregated,  they  allow  consumers  to  participate  in  transmission  system  processes,  leading  to  new  questions  surrounding  the  impact  of  a  more  distributed  system  on  actors  involved  with  the  functionality  of  the  grid  and  the  extent  to  which  consumer  behavior  can  be  relied  on  to  increase  system  reliability.    With  this  dissertation,  I  seek  to  understand  how  the  ability  of  DER  aggregations  to  provide  services  to  the  transmission  system  changes  the  role  of  communities  and  consumers  in  the  grid.  Chapters  2  and  3  consider  the  grid  of  the  present  and  analyze  demand  response  programs.  Chapter  4  looks  to  the  future  and  engages  in  a  concept  development  exercise  to  theorize  how  DER  aggregation  participation  in  wholesale  electricity  markets  changes  the  role  of  communities  in  the  grid.    Chapter  2  combines  household-  and  power-system  level  models  to  quantify  the  impact  of  override  behavior  on  the  reliability  contribution  of  a  summer  residential  air  conditioning  direct  load  control  program  in  California  under  various  program  designs.  I  find  that  overrides  have  a  minor  impact  on  the  reliability  value  of  a  program  that  calls  events  for  one  hour,  but  when  events  lasted  for  three  or  four  hours,  overrides  can  lead  to  a  60%  reduction  in  reliability  value.  Participant  behavior  has  significant  implications  for  program  outcomes  and  policymakers  must  consider  tradeoffs  between  override  flexibility  and  savings.    Chapter  3  uses  statistical  methods  to  estimate  the  performance  of  six  California  residential  time  of  use  (TOU)  rates  during  hours  with  a  risk  to  system  reliability  from  2020  to  2022.  All  rates  show  evidence  of  the  TOU  samples  consuming  statistically  significantly  less  than  those  on  flat  rates  during  high-risk  hours,  with  average  changes  in  consumption  ranging  from  2.9%  more  to  44%  less.  Variability  in  results  across  utilities  and  climate  zones  indicates  that  the  potential  reliability  contribution  of  TOU  rates  is  dependent  on  location  and  customer  base.  TOU  rates  must  be  designed  with  customers  and  their  environment  in  mind  to  balance  reliability  impacts  and  consumer  well-being.    Finally,  Chapter  4  theorizes  about  the  future  of  the  grid  and  proposes  the  concept  of  "gridmaking"  to  add  social  and  spatial  elements  to  DER  aggregation  theories.  A  combination  of  the  planning  concept  of  placemaking  and  the  energy  prosumer,  "gridmaking"  describes  the  ways  consumers  can  use  DERs  to  actively  "make"  and  shape  the  grid  that  serves  them  instead  of  passively  purchasing  power  from  their  utilities.  While  DERs  empower  communities  to  take  a  more  active  role  in  the  system,  they  may  also  lead  to  local  bypasses  and  exacerbate  pre-existing  energy  injustices.    This  dissertation  concludes  that  DER  aggregations  have  significant  implications  for  the  roles  of  consumers  and  communities.  The  performance  of  demand  response  programs  are  dependent  on  the  willingness  of  participants  to  respond  and  an  expansion  in  DER  aggregation  participation  in  wholesale  electricity  markets  allow  communities  to  engage  in  placemaking  like  actions  in  the  spaces  of  the  grid.  The  grid  of  the  future  will  ask  more  of  consumers  and  conceptualizing  the  system  as  consumer-oriented  and  more  place-based  is  imperative  to  ensuring  reliability  and  energy  justice.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0127.
■650  4▼aEnergy
■650  4▼aGeography
■650  4▼aUrban  planning
■650  4▼aSustainability
■653    ▼aDistributed  energy  resources
■653    ▼aDemand  response
■653    ▼aResource  adequacy
■653    ▼aPlacemaking
■653    ▼aEnergy  geography
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0640
■690    ▼a0366
■690    ▼a0999
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Michigan▼bEnv  &  Sust  &  URP  PhD.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04A.
■790    ▼a0127
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360886▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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