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Stereotypes That Dumbfound: Comprehensive Investigations Across Content, Methods, and Demography
Stereotypes That Dumbfound: Comprehensive Investigations Across Content, Methods, and Demo...
Stereotypes That Dumbfound: Comprehensive Investigations Across Content, Methods, and Demography

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103547
ISBN  
9798280720657
DDC  
150
저자명  
Morehouse, Kirsten.
서명/저자  
Stereotypes That Dumbfound: Comprehensive Investigations Across Content, Methods, and Demography
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
233 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Banaji, Mahzarin.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Stereotypes help humans navigate a complex social world by offering heuristics about the characteristics of social groups. Nevertheless, stereotypes can hinder decision-making along two paths. First, even when stereotypes are accurate at the group-level, meaning they reflect statistically significant differences between groups (e.g., height differences between men and women), stereotypes can prevent accurate inferences at the individual-level. Second, when stereotypes are inaccurate at the group-level, all inferences that follow - at the group-level and individual-level - are necessarily inaccurate. Across five chapters, I examine stereotypes with group-level accuracy and group-level inaccuracy to obtain general insights about their magnitude (how robust is the stereotype?), pervasiveness (which groups or places exhibit the stereotype most strongly or weakly?), mechanisms (what features drive the effect?), and malleability (can even entrenched stereotypes change?). In doing so, I show how both types of stereotypes can dumbfound because they (a) impede accurate inferences, (b) conflict with ground-truth data and/or (c) contradict participants' own stated beliefs and values.Chapter I (Morehouse et al., 2022; CRESP) presents 7 experiments (N 7,000) probing the nature of a stereotype with group-level accuracy: surgeon=male. In particular, I examine the magnitude, prevalence, mechanisms, and malleability of this gender-occupation stereotype, and whether it is sufficiently strong to prevent logical inferences. A Supplemental Chapter (Morehouse, Pan, Contreras, & Banaji, 2024; ICML) extends this work by exploring whether a Large Language Model - GPT-4 - similarly exhibits gender-occupation stereotypes across a set of 1,016 diverse occupations. Additionally, I tested whether systematic changes to the input prompt influence the degree of observed bias.Chapter II (Morehouse et al., 2025; Scientific Reports) leverages an archival dataset with over 600,000 respondents to interrogate the "American=White" stereotype. Although the US has been historically majority-White, this stereotype lacks group-level accuracy because all Americans, regardless of ethnic ancestry, are American. Beyond benchmarking stereotype strength at the societal-level, I uncover individual-level and regional-level predictors of this American=White effect and use time-series models to examine whether it has changed over the past 17 years (2007-2023).Chapter III (Morehouse, Maddox & Banaji, PNAS) reports 13 experiments (N 60,000) to test a stereotype that dumbfounds by defying biological fact and participants' explicitly held beliefs: "Human=White." In addition to probing its existence, I examine whether this stereotype is pervasive across U.S. demographic groups (e.g., gender and political ideology) and conduct exploratory analyses to assess its emergence in non-US countries. Finally, Chapter IV (Morehouse, Ueda, Saiki, & Banaji, in prep) investigates whether these findings are unique to dominant groups in Western contexts or represent a more universal "Human=Own (Dominant) Group" effect. Specifically, four samples of Japanese participants (tested in two Japanese writing systems, Katakana and Kanji) were recruited to test the magnitude and prevalence of a "Human=Japanese" effect in Japan.Together, these five chapters harness data from ~700,000 respondents across 37 experiments to demonstrate that (1) even stereotypes with group-level accuracy prevent simple inferences; (2) implicit stereotypes with group-level inaccuracy are surprisingly robust and pervasive across groups and geography; (3) certain demographic characteristics consistently predict stereotype strength; and (4) even widely held stereotypes are malleable; they are sensitive to targeted interventions and the passage of time. In doing so, this body of work illuminates the features that create, maintain, and change stereotypes that dumbfound.
일반주제명  
Psychology
일반주제명  
Behavioral psychology
일반주제명  
Social psychology
키워드  
Implicit bias
키워드  
Implicit social cognition
키워드  
Implicit stereotypes
키워드  
Intergroup bias
키워드  
Stereotypes
기타저자  
Harvard University Psychology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■24510▼aStereotypes  That  Dumbfound:  Comprehensive  Investigations  Across  Content,  Methods,  and  Demography
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bHarvard  University▼c2025
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■300    ▼a233  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-12,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Banaji,  Mahzarin.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aStereotypes  help  humans  navigate  a  complex  social  world  by  offering  heuristics  about  the  characteristics  of  social  groups.  Nevertheless,  stereotypes  can  hinder  decision-making  along  two  paths.  First,  even  when  stereotypes  are  accurate  at  the  group-level,  meaning  they  reflect  statistically  significant  differences  between  groups  (e.g.,  height  differences  between  men  and  women),  stereotypes  can  prevent  accurate  inferences  at  the  individual-level.  Second,  when  stereotypes  are  inaccurate  at  the  group-level,  all  inferences  that  follow  -  at  the  group-level  and  individual-level  -  are  necessarily  inaccurate.  Across  five  chapters,  I  examine  stereotypes  with  group-level  accuracy  and  group-level  inaccuracy  to  obtain  general  insights  about  their  magnitude  (how  robust  is  the  stereotype?),  pervasiveness  (which  groups  or  places  exhibit  the  stereotype  most  strongly  or  weakly?),  mechanisms  (what  features  drive  the  effect?),  and  malleability  (can  even  entrenched  stereotypes  change?).  In  doing  so,  I  show  how  both  types  of  stereotypes  can  dumbfound  because  they  (a)  impede  accurate  inferences,  (b)  conflict  with  ground-truth  data  and/or  (c)  contradict  participants'  own  stated  beliefs  and  values.Chapter  I  (Morehouse  et  al.,  2022;  CRESP)  presents  7  experiments  (N    7,000)  probing  the  nature  of  a  stereotype  with  group-level  accuracy:  surgeon=male.  In  particular,  I  examine  the  magnitude,  prevalence,  mechanisms,  and  malleability  of  this  gender-occupation  stereotype,  and  whether  it  is  sufficiently  strong  to  prevent  logical  inferences.  A  Supplemental  Chapter  (Morehouse,  Pan,  Contreras,  &  Banaji,  2024;  ICML)  extends  this  work  by  exploring  whether  a  Large  Language  Model  -  GPT-4  -  similarly  exhibits  gender-occupation  stereotypes  across  a  set  of  1,016  diverse  occupations.  Additionally,  I  tested  whether  systematic  changes  to  the  input  prompt  influence  the  degree  of  observed  bias.Chapter  II  (Morehouse  et  al.,  2025;  Scientific  Reports)  leverages  an  archival  dataset  with  over  600,000  respondents  to  interrogate  the  "American=White"  stereotype.  Although  the  US  has  been  historically  majority-White,  this  stereotype  lacks  group-level  accuracy  because  all  Americans,  regardless  of  ethnic  ancestry,  are  American.  Beyond  benchmarking  stereotype  strength  at  the  societal-level,  I  uncover  individual-level  and  regional-level  predictors  of  this  American=White  effect  and  use  time-series  models  to  examine  whether  it  has  changed  over  the  past  17  years  (2007-2023).Chapter  III  (Morehouse,  Maddox  &  Banaji,  PNAS)  reports  13  experiments  (N    60,000)  to  test  a  stereotype  that  dumbfounds  by  defying  biological  fact  and  participants'  explicitly  held  beliefs:  "Human=White."  In  addition  to  probing  its  existence,  I  examine  whether  this  stereotype  is  pervasive  across  U.S.  demographic  groups  (e.g.,  gender  and  political  ideology)  and  conduct  exploratory  analyses  to  assess  its  emergence  in  non-US  countries.  Finally,  Chapter  IV  (Morehouse,  Ueda,  Saiki,  &  Banaji,  in  prep)  investigates  whether  these  findings  are  unique  to  dominant  groups  in  Western  contexts  or  represent  a  more  universal  "Human=Own  (Dominant)  Group"  effect.  Specifically,  four  samples  of  Japanese  participants  (tested  in  two  Japanese  writing  systems,  Katakana  and  Kanji)  were  recruited  to  test  the  magnitude  and  prevalence  of  a  "Human=Japanese"  effect  in  Japan.Together,  these  five  chapters  harness  data  from  ~700,000  respondents  across  37  experiments  to  demonstrate  that  (1)  even  stereotypes  with  group-level  accuracy  prevent  simple  inferences;  (2)  implicit  stereotypes  with  group-level  inaccuracy  are  surprisingly  robust  and  pervasive  across  groups  and  geography;  (3)  certain  demographic  characteristics  consistently  predict  stereotype  strength;  and  (4)  even  widely  held  stereotypes  are  malleable;  they  are  sensitive  to  targeted  interventions  and  the  passage  of  time.  In  doing  so,  this  body  of  work  illuminates  the  features  that  create,  maintain,  and  change  stereotypes  that  dumbfound.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aPsychology
■650  4▼aBehavioral  psychology
■650  4▼aSocial  psychology
■653    ▼aImplicit  bias
■653    ▼aImplicit  social  cognition
■653    ▼aImplicit  stereotypes
■653    ▼aIntergroup  bias
■653    ▼aStereotypes
■690    ▼a0621
■690    ▼a0451
■690    ▼a0384
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bPsychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357695▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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