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Essays in the Economics of Gender
Essays in the Economics of Gender
Essays in the Economics of Gender

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104737
ISBN  
9798290649054
DDC  
612
저자명  
Liu, Zhili Lily.
서명/저자  
Essays in the Economics of Gender
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
175 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Niederle, Muriel;Voena, Alessandra.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The chapters in this dissertation use experimental and empirical methods to study topics in the economics of gender.The first chapter focuses on a gender difference in behavior, the gender gap in apologies, and studies how it affects women's labor market outcomes. We use an online experiment to study a behavioral gap that helps explain gender disparities in the labor market: the gender gap in apologies. We hypothesize that women are more likely to apologize than men, conditional on having the same ability. Apologies could be seen as a signal of incompetence, which might hold women back in the labor market. We first provide evidence for the gender apology gap and explore confidence as a reason behind it. We find that while the gender confidence gap plays a role, it cannot fully explain the apology gap. Regarding the labor market consequences of the gender apology gap, we show that employers infer lower ability from workers' apologies and do not take gender differences into account when making ability inferences. As a result, employers tend to judge female workers' abilities more negatively. To test the robustness of the apology gap, we conduct two additional experiments and find that it varies with the wording of the apology and the experimental context. Finally, we complement our experimental findings with external evidence from surveys and congressional speech data.The second chapter studies how men and women are evaluated differently. This chapter investigates gender-based attribution bias-the tendency to attribute men's success to ability and women's failure to a lack of ability-using a controlled principal-agent online experiment. We test for this bias across male- and female-typed tasks. In male-typed tasks, we find evidence of attribution bias after task success: principals are more likely to attribute success to ability when the agent is male. We do not observe such bias following failure. In contrast, in female-typed tasks, we find bias against men following task failure, pointing to the importance of task domain in shaping attribution patterns. Our design allows us to rule out taste-based and statistical discrimination. Attribution bias is stronger among individuals with more regressive gender attitudes, but only for male-typed tasks, suggesting an attitudinal basis for attribution patterns.The third chapter dives into a developing context and studies how an important marriage institution, polygyny, affects developmental outcomes. Polygyny, a historically widespread tradition, is still prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. We test whether polygyny crowds out savings, which could lead to slower development in polygynous communities. Our main hypothesis is that men use marriage as a way of saving. We propose a model and test its predictions using the data from the Hunger Safety Net Programme in Kenya, which provided exogenous income shocks to a subset of the population. We find that the data tends to support predictions of the model, which suggests that men indeed view wives as a form of savings to some degree. In particular, men in communities with higher rates of polygyny marry more wives and save less in cash and livestock after receiving a cash transfer.
일반주제명  
Gender differences
일반주제명  
Marriage
일반주제명  
Speeches
일반주제명  
Confidence
일반주제명  
Age groups
일반주제명  
Apologies
키워드  
Gender difference
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■020    ▼a9798290649054
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32149669
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanfordjm848qz5833
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a612
■1001  ▼aLiu,  Zhili  Lily.
■24510▼aEssays  in  the  Economics  of  Gender
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a175  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-03,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Niederle,  Muriel;Voena,  Alessandra.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  chapters  in  this  dissertation  use  experimental  and  empirical  methods  to  study  topics  in  the  economics  of  gender.The  first  chapter  focuses  on  a  gender  difference  in  behavior,  the  gender  gap  in  apologies,  and  studies  how  it  affects  women's  labor  market  outcomes.  We  use  an  online  experiment  to  study  a  behavioral  gap  that  helps  explain  gender  disparities  in  the  labor  market:  the  gender  gap  in  apologies.  We  hypothesize  that  women  are  more  likely  to  apologize  than  men,  conditional  on  having  the  same  ability.  Apologies  could  be  seen  as  a  signal  of  incompetence,  which  might  hold  women  back  in  the  labor  market.  We  first  provide  evidence  for  the  gender  apology  gap  and  explore  confidence  as  a  reason  behind  it.  We  find  that  while  the  gender  confidence  gap  plays  a  role,  it  cannot  fully  explain  the  apology  gap.  Regarding  the  labor  market  consequences  of  the  gender  apology  gap,  we  show  that  employers  infer  lower  ability  from  workers'  apologies  and  do  not  take  gender  differences  into  account  when  making  ability  inferences.  As  a  result,  employers  tend  to  judge  female  workers'  abilities  more  negatively.  To  test  the  robustness  of  the  apology  gap,  we  conduct  two  additional  experiments  and  find  that  it  varies  with  the  wording  of  the  apology  and  the  experimental  context.  Finally,  we  complement  our  experimental  findings  with  external  evidence  from  surveys  and  congressional  speech  data.The  second  chapter  studies  how  men  and  women  are  evaluated  differently.  This  chapter  investigates  gender-based  attribution  bias-the  tendency  to  attribute  men's  success  to  ability  and  women's  failure  to  a  lack  of  ability-using  a  controlled  principal-agent  online  experiment.  We  test  for  this  bias  across  male-  and  female-typed  tasks.  In  male-typed  tasks,  we  find  evidence  of  attribution  bias  after  task  success:  principals  are  more  likely  to  attribute  success  to  ability  when  the  agent  is  male.  We  do  not  observe  such  bias  following  failure.  In  contrast,  in  female-typed  tasks,  we  find  bias  against  men  following  task  failure,  pointing  to  the  importance  of  task  domain  in  shaping  attribution  patterns.  Our  design  allows  us  to  rule  out  taste-based  and  statistical  discrimination.  Attribution  bias  is  stronger  among  individuals  with  more  regressive  gender  attitudes,  but  only  for  male-typed  tasks,  suggesting  an  attitudinal  basis  for  attribution  patterns.The  third  chapter  dives  into  a  developing  context  and  studies  how  an  important  marriage  institution,  polygyny,  affects  developmental  outcomes.  Polygyny,  a  historically  widespread  tradition,  is  still  prevalent  in  Sub-Saharan  Africa.  We  test  whether  polygyny  crowds  out  savings,  which  could  lead  to  slower  development  in  polygynous  communities.  Our  main  hypothesis  is  that  men  use  marriage  as  a  way  of  saving.  We  propose  a  model  and  test  its  predictions  using  the  data  from  the  Hunger  Safety  Net  Programme  in  Kenya,  which  provided  exogenous  income  shocks  to  a  subset  of  the  population.  We  find  that  the  data  tends  to  support  predictions  of  the  model,  which  suggests  that  men  indeed  view  wives  as  a  form  of  savings  to  some  degree.  In  particular,  men  in  communities  with  higher  rates  of  polygyny  marry  more  wives  and  save  less  in  cash  and  livestock  after  receiving  a  cash  transfer.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aGender  differences
■650  4▼aMarriage
■650  4▼aSpeeches
■650  4▼aConfidence
■650  4▼aAge  groups
■650  4▼aApologies
■653    ▼aGender  difference
■690    ▼a0511
■690    ▼a0501
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03A.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358688▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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