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Understanding Microstructure-ultrasound Relationships in Additively Manufactured Materials: Experiments and Numerical Simulations
Understanding Microstructure-ultrasound Relationships in Additively Manufactured Materials...
Understanding Microstructure-ultrasound Relationships in Additively Manufactured Materials: Experiments and Numerical Simulations

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105319
ISBN  
9798297663886
DDC  
610
저자명  
Williams, Colin L.
서명/저자  
Understanding Microstructure-ultrasound Relationships in Additively Manufactured Materials: Experiments and Numerical Simulations
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
206 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Lear, Matthew H.;Shokouhi, Parisa.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Due to their sensitivities to microstructural evolution during processes including heat treatment and plastic deformation, ultrasonic parameters including the acoustic nonlinearity parameter (β) and resonance frequency are useful nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tools for monitoring microstructural changes in metals, ceramics, and other engineered materials relevant to the growing utilization of additive manufacturing (AM). Despite their diagnostic capabilities, the competing contributions of different microstructural features to the measured ultrasonic response render the interpretation of received ultrasonic signals a nontrivial task. The primary objective of this dissertation is to utilize experimental and modeling-based approaches to advance the capabilities of ultrasonic testing for the characterization and quality assurance of metallic and ceramic components, emphasizing AM parts. Two sample sets are investigated: 316L stainless steel (SS) plates manufactured by laser powder bed fusion, and alumina cylinders with complex internal geometries manufactured by direct material jetting.For metallic samples, two studies are described: An experimental investigation of the microstructure-ultrasound-property relationships in AM 316L stainless steel focused on Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) testing to measure β, and a numerical study where 3D Dislocation Dynamics (DD) simulations are developed to elucidate the relationship between β and specific dislocation characteristics (e.g., length, density, and orientation). In the former, ultrasonic testing, microstructural characterization, and mechanical testing are combined to create a more complete picture of microstructure-ultrasound-property relationships in AM 316L SS as they evolve with heat treatment. The results indicate that measurable variations in β from SHG testing scale with heat treatment-induced microstructure changes, such as dislocation density and the volume fraction of oxide inclusions. These observations are considered alongside the trends in tensile strength with heat treatment, where an inverse relationship between β and these strength properties is measured that coincides with an increase in the presence of detrimental oxide inclusions. The numerical modeling investigation focuses on DD simulations of many differently-oriented dislocations within one domain - an advancement from prior analytical and numerical models concerning a single dislocation. The multi-dislocation framework is tested on several parametric studies of dislocation length and density, and compared extensively to canonical analytical modeling results. The DD predictions indicate a more complex relationship between dislocation morphology, applied stress, and β than the prior models, particularly for cases involving edge dislocations. The competing effects of edge and screw dislocations on β are investigated within the same crystal for the first time, and unique behaviors are predicted that are unrepresented in existing models. The DD simulations are used to recreate SHG results in fatigued copper using published microstructural data, and to aid in the validation of a recent, contradictory experimental observation in 316L SS, where an anomalous decrease in β was measured despite increasing plastic deformation.Finally, an application-focused study is presented, in which machine learning and finite element analysis are combined to evaluate subtle geometric variations in AM ceramic cylinders using their resonant ultrasonic signatures. NDE studies are often constrained by small sample sizes - this limitation is even more prohibitive in the context of training machine learning models to interpret the data. To address this data scarcity, high-fidelity finite element simulations are employed to generate synthetic training data, which is used to train a Random Forest model for binary classification of the experimental samples. Notable efficacy of the synthetic data is observed: A model trained on 50 simulated and three experimental frequency spectra has a testing accuracy ∼20% higher than a model trained on the same three experiments alone. Further improvements in accuracy are achievable with a careful and interpretable feature selection process, informed by simulation results and feature importance rankings from the Random Forest model. Classification accuracies greater than 75% are obtained using the described transfer learning approach. While this specific study involves Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and finite element analysis, the concept of using synthetic data to improve machine learning model accuracy for real samples is broadly applicable to the NDE field.
일반주제명  
Tomography
일반주제명  
Heat treating
일반주제명  
Spectrum analysis
일반주제명  
Grain size
일반주제명  
Deformation
일반주제명  
Acoustics
일반주제명  
Radiation
일반주제명  
Materials fatigue
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
일반주제명  
Industrial engineering
일반주제명  
Medical imaging
일반주제명  
Optics
일반주제명  
Thermodynamics
기타저자  
The Pennsylvania State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aWilliams,  Colin  L.
■24510▼aUnderstanding  Microstructure-ultrasound  Relationships  in  Additively  Manufactured  Materials:  Experiments  and  Numerical  Simulations
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a206  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Lear,  Matthew  H.;Shokouhi,  Parisa.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aDue  to  their  sensitivities  to  microstructural  evolution  during  processes  including  heat  treatment  and  plastic  deformation,  ultrasonic  parameters  including  the  acoustic  nonlinearity  parameter  (β)  and  resonance  frequency  are  useful  nondestructive  evaluation  (NDE)  tools  for  monitoring  microstructural  changes  in  metals,  ceramics,  and  other  engineered  materials  relevant  to  the  growing  utilization  of  additive  manufacturing  (AM).  Despite  their  diagnostic  capabilities,  the  competing  contributions  of  different  microstructural  features  to  the  measured  ultrasonic  response  render  the  interpretation  of  received  ultrasonic  signals  a  nontrivial  task.  The  primary  objective  of  this  dissertation  is  to  utilize  experimental  and  modeling-based  approaches  to  advance  the  capabilities  of  ultrasonic  testing  for  the  characterization  and  quality  assurance  of  metallic  and  ceramic  components,  emphasizing  AM  parts.  Two  sample  sets  are  investigated:  316L  stainless  steel  (SS)  plates  manufactured  by  laser  powder  bed  fusion,  and  alumina  cylinders  with  complex  internal  geometries  manufactured  by  direct  material  jetting.For  metallic  samples,  two  studies  are  described:  An  experimental  investigation  of  the  microstructure-ultrasound-property  relationships  in  AM  316L  stainless  steel  focused  on  Second  Harmonic  Generation  (SHG)  testing  to  measure  β,  and  a  numerical  study  where  3D  Dislocation  Dynamics  (DD)  simulations  are  developed  to  elucidate  the  relationship  between  β  and  specific  dislocation  characteristics  (e.g.,  length,  density,  and  orientation).  In  the  former,  ultrasonic  testing,  microstructural  characterization,  and  mechanical  testing  are  combined  to  create  a  more  complete  picture  of  microstructure-ultrasound-property  relationships  in  AM  316L  SS  as  they  evolve  with  heat  treatment.  The  results  indicate  that  measurable  variations  in  β  from  SHG  testing  scale  with  heat  treatment-induced  microstructure  changes,  such  as  dislocation  density  and  the  volume  fraction  of  oxide  inclusions.  These  observations  are  considered  alongside  the  trends  in  tensile  strength  with  heat  treatment,  where  an  inverse  relationship  between  β  and  these  strength  properties  is  measured  that  coincides  with  an  increase  in  the  presence  of  detrimental  oxide  inclusions.  The  numerical  modeling  investigation  focuses  on  DD  simulations  of  many  differently-oriented  dislocations  within  one  domain  -  an  advancement  from  prior  analytical  and  numerical  models  concerning  a  single  dislocation.  The  multi-dislocation  framework  is  tested  on  several  parametric  studies  of  dislocation  length  and  density,  and  compared  extensively  to  canonical  analytical  modeling  results.  The  DD  predictions  indicate  a  more  complex  relationship  between  dislocation  morphology,  applied  stress,  and  β  than  the  prior  models,  particularly  for  cases  involving  edge  dislocations.  The  competing  effects  of  edge  and  screw  dislocations  on  β  are  investigated  within  the  same  crystal  for  the  first  time,  and  unique  behaviors  are  predicted  that  are  unrepresented  in  existing  models.  The  DD  simulations  are  used  to  recreate  SHG  results  in  fatigued  copper  using  published  microstructural  data,  and  to  aid  in  the  validation  of  a  recent,  contradictory  experimental  observation  in  316L  SS,  where  an  anomalous  decrease  in  β  was  measured  despite  increasing  plastic  deformation.Finally,  an  application-focused  study  is  presented,  in  which  machine  learning  and  finite  element  analysis  are  combined  to  evaluate  subtle  geometric  variations  in  AM  ceramic  cylinders  using  their  resonant  ultrasonic  signatures.  NDE  studies  are  often  constrained  by  small  sample  sizes  -  this  limitation  is  even  more  prohibitive  in  the  context  of  training  machine  learning  models  to  interpret  the  data.  To  address  this  data  scarcity,  high-fidelity  finite  element  simulations  are  employed  to  generate  synthetic  training  data,  which  is  used  to  train  a  Random  Forest  model  for  binary  classification  of  the  experimental  samples.  Notable  efficacy  of  the  synthetic  data  is  observed:  A  model  trained  on  50  simulated  and  three  experimental  frequency  spectra  has  a  testing  accuracy  ∼20%  higher  than  a  model  trained  on  the  same  three  experiments  alone.  Further  improvements  in  accuracy  are  achievable  with  a  careful  and  interpretable  feature  selection  process,  informed  by  simulation  results  and  feature  importance  rankings  from  the  Random  Forest  model.  Classification  accuracies  greater  than  75%  are  obtained  using  the  described  transfer  learning  approach.  While  this  specific  study  involves  Resonant  Ultrasound  Spectroscopy  and  finite  element  analysis,  the  concept  of  using  synthetic  data  to  improve  machine  learning  model  accuracy  for  real  samples  is  broadly  applicable  to  the  NDE  field.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aTomography
■650  4▼aHeat  treating
■650  4▼aSpectrum  analysis
■650  4▼aGrain  size
■650  4▼aDeformation
■650  4▼aAcoustics
■650  4▼aRadiation
■650  4▼aMaterials  fatigue
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■650  4▼aIndustrial  engineering
■650  4▼aMedical  imaging
■650  4▼aOptics
■650  4▼aThermodynamics
■690    ▼a0986
■690    ▼a0486
■690    ▼a0546
■690    ▼a0574
■690    ▼a0752
■690    ▼a0348
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360193▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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