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Synthesis and Modifications of Palladium Icosahedral Nanocrystals for Electrocatalytic Reactions
Synthesis and Modifications of Palladium Icosahedral Nanocrystals for Electrocatalytic Rea...
Synthesis and Modifications of Palladium Icosahedral Nanocrystals for Electrocatalytic Reactions

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105503
ISBN  
9798263325855
DDC  
621
저자명  
Zhou, Siyu.
서명/저자  
Synthesis and Modifications of Palladium Icosahedral Nanocrystals for Electrocatalytic Reactions
발행사항  
[Sl] : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
172 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Xia, Younan.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Effective electrocatalysts are critical in fuel cells (e.g., direct formic acid fuel cells, DFAFCs) for accelarating the electrode reactions and thus the conversion of chemical energy into electricity. However, most of current catalysts are made of platinum group metals (PGMs), which are notoriously expensive and have extremely low abundances in the Earth's crust. To achieve cost-effective use of PGMs (i.e., high mass activity), it is imperative to enlarge the atom utilization efficiency and the electrochemically surface area (ECSA) without sacrificing the specific activity (SA). For oxygen reduction reaction (ORR, the cathode reaction of DFAFCs), current electrocatalysts, including 3-nm Pt nanocrystals and hollow Pt nanocrystals (i.e., nanoframes), have large ECSAs but low SAs due to the poorly-defined surface structure. In this work, I used Pd icosahedra as the template to synthesize Pt nanocrystals with both large ECSAs and high SAs. I first synthesized Pd icosahedra with uniform sizes tunable in the range of 7-20 nm by combining Ostwald ripening and seeded growth. Using the uniform Pd icosahedra as a template, I developed synthetic strategies to obtain small Pt cones and Pt icosahedral nanoframes enclosed by compressively-strained {111} facets. The twin defect of vertices and edges of a Pd icosahedron makes them preferential sites for the nucleation and deposition of newlyformed Pt atoms. The small Pt cones and Pt icosahedral nanoframes were synthesized by confining the Pt adatoms to the vertices and edges, respectively. The conformallydeposited Pt replicated the surface structure of the vertices or edges, generating Pt nanocrystals covered by compressively-strained {111} facets. After removing the Pd template, both the small cones and nanoframes were found to exhibit greatly-enhanced SA and MA toward ORR, compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In addition, I also demonstrated a synthetic method to obtain PdHx icosahedra (x = 0-0.7) that showed superior catalytic performance toward formic acid oxidation (FAO, the anode reaction of DFAFCs). Firstly, the phase transformation from Pd to PdHx was significantly facilitated by achieving a "single-phase pathway". Then, PdHx icosahedra (x = 0-0.7) were easily obtained by leveraging the "single-phase pathway" and showed enhanced SA due to the insertion of hydrogen atoms. The tensile strain in Pd icosahedra greatly decreased the chemical potential for hydrogen atoms, making it hard for hydrogen to escape from PdHx (x=0-0.7) icosahedra at elevated temperatures or during FAO. Taken together, this dissertation focuses on the rational synthesis of Pd icosahedra-based nanocrystals with well-controlled shapes, strain distributions, and compositions, which were found to exhibit remarkable catalytic performances toward ORR or FAO, the essential electrode reactions involved in DFAFCs.
일반주제명  
Fuel cells
일반주제명  
Metals
일반주제명  
Acids
일반주제명  
Electrodes
일반주제명  
Emissions
일반주제명  
Clean technology
일반주제명  
Adsorption
일반주제명  
Hydrogen
일반주제명  
Illustrations
일반주제명  
Voltammetry
일반주제명  
Industrial plant emissions
일반주제명  
Transmission electron microscopy
일반주제명  
Poisoning
일반주제명  
Greenhouse gases
일반주제명  
Electricity
일반주제명  
Oxidation
일반주제명  
Fourier transforms
일반주제명  
Fossil fuels
일반주제명  
Carbon dioxide
일반주제명  
Nanocrystals
일반주제명  
Particle size
일반주제명  
Atoms & subatomic particles
일반주제명  
Alternative energy
일반주제명  
Analytical chemistry
일반주제명  
Atmospheric sciences
일반주제명  
Atomic physics
일반주제명  
Chemical engineering
일반주제명  
Climate change
일반주제명  
Mathematics
일반주제명  
Sustainability
기타저자  
Georgia Institute of Technology.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■0820  ▼a621
■1001  ▼aZhou,  Siyu.
■24510▼aSynthesis  and  Modifications  of  Palladium  Icosahedral  Nanocrystals  for  Electrocatalytic  Reactions
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a172  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Xia,  Younan.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Georgia  Institute  of  Technology,  2024.
■520    ▼aEffective  electrocatalysts  are  critical  in  fuel  cells  (e.g.,  direct  formic  acid  fuel  cells,  DFAFCs)  for  accelarating  the  electrode  reactions  and  thus  the  conversion  of  chemical  energy  into  electricity.  However,  most  of  current  catalysts  are  made  of  platinum  group  metals  (PGMs),  which  are  notoriously  expensive  and  have  extremely  low  abundances  in  the  Earth's  crust.  To  achieve  cost-effective  use  of  PGMs  (i.e.,  high  mass  activity),  it  is  imperative  to  enlarge  the  atom  utilization  efficiency  and  the  electrochemically  surface  area  (ECSA)  without  sacrificing  the  specific  activity  (SA).  For  oxygen  reduction  reaction  (ORR,  the  cathode  reaction  of  DFAFCs),  current  electrocatalysts,  including  3-nm  Pt  nanocrystals  and  hollow  Pt  nanocrystals  (i.e.,  nanoframes),  have  large  ECSAs  but  low  SAs  due  to  the  poorly-defined  surface  structure.  In  this  work,  I  used  Pd  icosahedra  as  the  template  to  synthesize  Pt  nanocrystals  with  both  large  ECSAs  and  high  SAs.  I  first  synthesized  Pd  icosahedra  with  uniform  sizes  tunable  in  the  range  of  7-20  nm  by  combining  Ostwald  ripening  and  seeded  growth.  Using  the  uniform  Pd  icosahedra  as  a  template,  I  developed  synthetic  strategies  to  obtain  small  Pt  cones  and  Pt  icosahedral  nanoframes  enclosed  by  compressively-strained  {111}  facets.  The  twin  defect  of  vertices  and  edges  of  a  Pd  icosahedron  makes  them  preferential  sites  for  the  nucleation  and  deposition  of  newlyformed  Pt  atoms.  The  small  Pt  cones  and  Pt  icosahedral  nanoframes  were  synthesized  by  confining  the  Pt  adatoms  to  the  vertices  and  edges,  respectively.  The  conformallydeposited  Pt  replicated  the  surface  structure  of  the  vertices  or  edges,  generating  Pt  nanocrystals  covered  by  compressively-strained  {111}  facets.  After  removing  the  Pd  template,  both  the  small  cones  and  nanoframes  were  found  to  exhibit  greatly-enhanced  SA  and  MA  toward  ORR,  compared  to  the  commercial  Pt/C  catalyst.  In  addition,  I  also  demonstrated  a  synthetic  method  to  obtain  PdHx  icosahedra  (x  =  0-0.7)  that  showed  superior  catalytic  performance  toward  formic  acid  oxidation  (FAO,  the  anode  reaction  of  DFAFCs).  Firstly,  the  phase  transformation  from  Pd  to  PdHx  was  significantly  facilitated  by  achieving  a  "single-phase  pathway".  Then,  PdHx  icosahedra  (x  =  0-0.7)  were  easily  obtained  by  leveraging  the  "single-phase  pathway"  and  showed  enhanced  SA  due  to  the  insertion  of  hydrogen  atoms.  The  tensile  strain  in  Pd  icosahedra  greatly  decreased  the  chemical  potential  for  hydrogen  atoms,  making  it  hard  for  hydrogen  to  escape  from  PdHx  (x=0-0.7)  icosahedra  at  elevated  temperatures  or  during  FAO.  Taken  together,  this  dissertation  focuses  on  the  rational  synthesis  of  Pd  icosahedra-based  nanocrystals  with  well-controlled  shapes,  strain  distributions,  and  compositions,  which  were  found  to  exhibit  remarkable  catalytic  performances  toward  ORR  or  FAO,  the  essential  electrode  reactions  involved  in  DFAFCs.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0078.
■650  4▼aFuel  cells
■650  4▼aMetals
■650  4▼aAcids
■650  4▼aElectrodes
■650  4▼aEmissions
■650  4▼aClean  technology
■650  4▼aAdsorption
■650  4▼aHydrogen
■650  4▼aIllustrations
■650  4▼aVoltammetry
■650  4▼aIndustrial  plant  emissions
■650  4▼aTransmission  electron  microscopy
■650  4▼aPoisoning
■650  4▼aGreenhouse  gases
■650  4▼aElectricity
■650  4▼aOxidation
■650  4▼aFourier  transforms
■650  4▼aFossil  fuels
■650  4▼aCarbon  dioxide
■650  4▼aNanocrystals
■650  4▼aParticle  size
■650  4▼aAtoms  &  subatomic  particles
■650  4▼aAlternative  energy
■650  4▼aAnalytical  chemistry
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  sciences
■650  4▼aAtomic  physics
■650  4▼aChemical  engineering
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■650  4▼aMathematics
■650  4▼aSustainability
■690    ▼a0363
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■690    ▼a0542
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■71020▼aGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05A.
■790    ▼a0078
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360300▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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