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Cavity Optomechanics for Hybrid Quantum Systems
Cavity Optomechanics for Hybrid Quantum Systems
Cavity Optomechanics for Hybrid Quantum Systems

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260209102845
ISBN  
9798288820670
DDC  
620
저자명  
Ren, Hengjiang.
서명/저자  
Cavity Optomechanics for Hybrid Quantum Systems
발행사항  
[Sl] : California Institute of Technology, 2020
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020
형태사항  
223 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Painter, Oskar J.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2020.
초록/해제  
요약Recent advances in optomechanical systems have led to a series of scientific and technical advances. In addition, they have demonstrated macroscopic quantum phenomena, including probabilistic preparation of quantum states, squeezed light, and coherent transduction between photons with different energies. There are advantages in using phonons within a quantum information network. Within the solid state, all optical and electronic phenomena strongly depend on the local distortions of the crystal lattice, i.e. mechanical phonons, hence could connect dissimilar degrees of freedom such as superconducting qubits operating at gigahertz frequencies with atomic/optical states. Also, unlike photons, phonons do not radiate into free space. Energy damping of phonon can occur through radiation into bulk structure which support the mechanical resonator, through impurities and defects in the material, and due to the inherent anharmonic motion of atoms within solid-state materials.In this thesis, we explore the limits of acoustic damping and coherence of a microwave-frequency acoustic nanocavity with a phononic crystal shield that possesses a wide bandgap for all polarizations of acoustic waves. The nanocavity is formed from an optomechanical crystal (OMC) nanobeam resonator. It supports an acoustic breathing mode at ~ 5 GHz and a co-localized telecom optical resonant mode which allows us to excite and readout mechanical motion using radiation pressure from a pulsed laser source. This minimally invasive pulsed measurement technique avoids a slew of parasitic damping effects - typically associated with electrode materials and mechanical contact, or probe fields for continuous readout - and allows for the sensitive measurement of motion at the single phonon level. The results of acoustic ringdown measurements at millikelvin temperatures show that damping due to radiation is effectively suppressed by the phononic shield, with breathing mode quality factors reaching mechanical quality factor Q = 4.9 x 1010, corresponding to an unprecedented frequency-Q product of f-Q = 2.6 x 1020 and an effective phonon propagation length of several kilometers. Measurement of the frequency jitter of the acoustic resonance is also performed, indicating telegraph-like noise corresponding to a coherence time of ~ 130 쨉s. The observed breathing mode behavior can be explained by TLS interactions when taking into account the highly modified density of phonon states in the shielded OMC cavity, which are most likely present in the amorphous etch-damaged region of the silicon surface. In particular, we find that damping due to nearly resonant TLS is suppressed due to the bandgap of the phononic shield, and that relaxation damping from non-resonant TLS can explain the magnitude, low temperature dependence of the breathing mode damping, and lack of saturation of the damping with both temperature and acoustic amplitude.The extremely small motional mass and narrow linewidth of the OMC cavity make it ideal for precision mass sensing and in exploring limits to alternative quantum collapse models.Our mechanical modes exist in the same frequency range as common superconducting qubits, suggesting a possibility for creating a hybrid quantum architecture consisting of acoustic and superconducting quantum circuits, where the small scale, reduced cross-talk, and ultralong coherence time of quantum acoustic devices may provide significant improvements in connectivity and performance of current quantum hardware. A proposal of mechanical quantum memory based on ultra-high-Q mechanical model and piezo-electrical coupling is also discussed in this work. One remaining roadblock, which significantly compromises the utility of OMCs integration with superconducting circuits, is the very weak, yet non-negligible parasitic optical absorption, which is thought to occur due to surface defect states, and together with inefficient thermalization can yield significant heating of the hypersonic mechanical mode of the device at ultralow temperatures, where microwave systems can be reliably operated as quantum devices. In 1D OMC experiments, the quantum cooperativity (Ceff), which corresponds to the standard photon-phonon cooperativity divided by the Bose factor of the thermal bath and is the most relevant figure-of-merit for operation of optomechanical systems at ultralow temperatures, was lower than unity for all but a microsecond around the time an optical pulse is applied. This limits quantum optomechanical experiments to schemes with short pulses. Increased Ceff can be achieved with improved thermalization, for example, by employing a two-dimensional (2D) OMC cavity.In this thesis, we demonstrate an improved silicon quasi-2D OMC with an over 50-fold improvement in back-action per photon over previous reports. We are able to measure the dynamics of the internal cavity acoustic modes of both 1D nanobeam and quasi-2D OMCs. Quasi-2D OMC shows much lower bath occupancy compared to 1D structures. Most importantly, quasi-2D OMCs demonstrated a Ceff greater than unity under steady-state optical pumping, a crucial threshold for realizing a variety of optomechanical applications. For example, bi-directional transduction or amplification of continuous quantum signals require the optomechanical device to be operated in a continuous mode. An analysis of piezo-optomechanical bi-directional microwave to optics transducer is also presented in this thesis.
일반주제명  
Circuits
일반주제명  
Fourier transforms
일반주제명  
Crystals
일반주제명  
Optics
일반주제명  
Quantum physics
기타저자  
California Institute of Technology Engineering and Applied Science
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

 008260203s2020        us                              c    eng  d
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■00520260209102845
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798288820670
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32205946
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Caltech13798
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a620
■1001  ▼aRen,  Hengjiang.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-5612-8287
■24510▼aCavity  Optomechanics  for  Hybrid  Quantum  Systems
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2020
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2020
■300    ▼a223  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Painter,  Oskar  J.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--California  Institute  of  Technology,  2020.
■520    ▼aRecent  advances  in  optomechanical  systems  have  led  to  a  series  of  scientific  and  technical  advances.  In  addition,  they  have  demonstrated  macroscopic  quantum  phenomena,  including  probabilistic  preparation  of  quantum  states,  squeezed  light,  and  coherent  transduction  between  photons  with  different  energies.  There  are  advantages  in  using  phonons  within  a  quantum  information  network.  Within  the  solid  state,  all  optical  and  electronic  phenomena  strongly  depend  on  the  local  distortions  of  the  crystal  lattice,  i.e.  mechanical  phonons,  hence  could  connect  dissimilar  degrees  of  freedom  such  as  superconducting  qubits  operating  at  gigahertz  frequencies  with  atomic/optical  states.  Also,  unlike  photons,  phonons  do  not  radiate  into  free  space.  Energy  damping  of  phonon  can  occur  through  radiation  into  bulk  structure  which  support  the  mechanical  resonator,  through  impurities  and  defects  in  the  material,  and  due  to  the  inherent  anharmonic  motion  of  atoms  within  solid-state  materials.In  this  thesis,  we  explore  the  limits  of  acoustic  damping  and  coherence  of  a  microwave-frequency  acoustic  nanocavity  with  a  phononic  crystal  shield  that  possesses  a  wide  bandgap  for  all  polarizations  of  acoustic  waves.  The  nanocavity  is  formed  from  an  optomechanical  crystal  (OMC)  nanobeam  resonator.  It  supports  an  acoustic  breathing  mode  at  ~  5  GHz  and  a  co-localized  telecom  optical  resonant  mode  which  allows  us  to  excite  and  readout  mechanical  motion  using  radiation  pressure  from  a  pulsed  laser  source.  This  minimally  invasive  pulsed  measurement  technique  avoids  a  slew  of  parasitic  damping  effects  -  typically  associated  with  electrode  materials  and  mechanical  contact,  or  probe  fields  for  continuous  readout  -  and  allows  for  the  sensitive  measurement  of  motion  at  the  single  phonon  level.  The  results  of  acoustic  ringdown  measurements  at  millikelvin  temperatures  show  that  damping  due  to  radiation  is  effectively  suppressed  by  the  phononic  shield,  with  breathing  mode  quality  factors  reaching  mechanical  quality  factor  Q  =  4.9  x  1010,  corresponding  to  an  unprecedented  frequency-Q  product  of  f-Q  =  2.6  x  1020  and  an  effective  phonon  propagation  length  of  several  kilometers.  Measurement  of  the  frequency  jitter  of  the  acoustic  resonance  is  also  performed,  indicating  telegraph-like  noise  corresponding  to  a  coherence  time  of  ~  130  쨉s.  The  observed  breathing  mode  behavior  can  be  explained  by  TLS  interactions  when  taking  into  account  the  highly  modified  density  of  phonon  states  in  the  shielded  OMC  cavity,  which  are  most  likely  present  in  the  amorphous  etch-damaged  region  of  the  silicon  surface.  In  particular,  we  find  that  damping  due  to  nearly  resonant  TLS  is  suppressed  due  to  the  bandgap  of  the  phononic  shield,  and  that  relaxation  damping  from  non-resonant  TLS  can  explain  the  magnitude,  low  temperature  dependence  of  the  breathing  mode  damping,  and  lack  of  saturation  of  the  damping  with  both  temperature  and  acoustic  amplitude.The  extremely  small  motional  mass  and  narrow  linewidth  of  the  OMC  cavity  make  it  ideal  for  precision  mass  sensing  and  in  exploring  limits  to  alternative  quantum  collapse  models.Our  mechanical  modes  exist  in  the  same  frequency  range  as  common  superconducting  qubits,  suggesting  a  possibility  for  creating  a  hybrid  quantum  architecture  consisting  of  acoustic  and  superconducting  quantum  circuits,  where  the  small  scale,  reduced  cross-talk,  and  ultralong  coherence  time  of  quantum  acoustic  devices  may  provide  significant  improvements  in  connectivity  and  performance  of  current  quantum  hardware.  A  proposal  of  mechanical  quantum  memory  based  on  ultra-high-Q  mechanical  model  and  piezo-electrical  coupling  is  also  discussed  in  this  work.  One  remaining  roadblock,  which  significantly  compromises  the  utility  of  OMCs  integration  with  superconducting  circuits,  is  the  very  weak,  yet  non-negligible  parasitic  optical  absorption,  which  is  thought  to  occur  due  to  surface  defect  states,  and  together  with  inefficient  thermalization  can  yield  significant  heating  of  the  hypersonic  mechanical  mode  of  the  device  at  ultralow  temperatures,  where  microwave  systems  can  be  reliably  operated  as  quantum  devices.  In  1D  OMC  experiments,  the  quantum  cooperativity  (Ceff),  which  corresponds  to  the  standard  photon-phonon  cooperativity  divided  by  the  Bose  factor  of  the  thermal  bath  and  is  the  most  relevant  figure-of-merit  for  operation  of  optomechanical  systems  at  ultralow  temperatures,  was  lower  than  unity  for  all  but  a  microsecond  around  the  time  an  optical  pulse  is  applied.  This  limits  quantum  optomechanical  experiments  to  schemes  with  short  pulses.  Increased  Ceff  can  be  achieved  with  improved  thermalization,  for  example,  by  employing  a  two-dimensional  (2D)  OMC  cavity.In  this  thesis,  we  demonstrate  an  improved  silicon  quasi-2D  OMC  with  an  over  50-fold  improvement  in  back-action  per  photon  over  previous  reports.  We  are  able  to  measure  the  dynamics  of  the  internal  cavity  acoustic  modes  of  both  1D  nanobeam  and  quasi-2D  OMCs.  Quasi-2D  OMC  shows  much  lower  bath  occupancy  compared  to  1D  structures.  Most  importantly,  quasi-2D  OMCs  demonstrated  a  Ceff  greater  than  unity  under  steady-state  optical  pumping,  a  crucial  threshold  for  realizing  a  variety  of  optomechanical  applications.  For  example,  bi-directional  transduction  or  amplification  of  continuous  quantum  signals  require  the  optomechanical  device  to  be  operated  in  a  continuous  mode.  An  analysis  of  piezo-optomechanical  bi-directional  microwave  to  optics  transducer  is  also  presented  in  this  thesis.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0037.
■650  4▼aCircuits
■650  4▼aFourier  transforms
■650  4▼aCrystals
■650  4▼aOptics
■650  4▼aQuantum  physics
■690    ▼a0752
■690    ▼a0599
■71020▼aCalifornia  Institute  of  Technology▼bEngineering  and  Applied  Science.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0037
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2020
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17365877▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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