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A Theoretical Approach to Trap Macromolecules
A Theoretical Approach to Trap Macromolecules
A Theoretical Approach to Trap Macromolecules

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103147
ISBN  
9798288865374
DDC  
660
저자명  
Liu, Luofu.
서명/저자  
A Theoretical Approach to Trap Macromolecules
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
101 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Wang, Rui.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The control and manipulation of nanoparticles and macromolecules is fundamental to the investigation of their structures, interactions, and kinetic pathways. While a variety of methods have been developed in experiments and computer simulations to trap molecules/particles, it remains a great challenge in polymer theory to realize a robust control of macromolecules. Conventional boundary-condition restrictions in self-consistent field theory (SCFT) calculations fails to restrain the conformational fluctuations of coil polymers and lead to nonphysical results. Existing theoretical methods to capture the fluctuation effects suffer from certain drawbacks: they either impose bias on the confined monomer or rely on the distribution of the confined polymer as a Gaussian chain. A systematic, adaptive, and versatile theory addressing these limitations is crucial for studying the fundamental properties of macromolecules under different conditions like sequence, solvent, charge and salt. Inspired by the trapping approaches developed in experiments and simulations, in this dissertation, we present a Gaussian variational field-theoretical approach to control the center-of-mass (c.m.) of macromolecules. The theory self-consistently introduces a mean force that controls the average position of c.m. and, more importantly, a self-adjustable harmonic potential that counters the fluctuation of c.m. position. The latter makes it applicable to coil polymers, like neutral polymers in θ and good solvents and polyelectrolytes experiencing strong charge repulsions. Our approach makes significant improvements over the existing methods. The field-theoretical nature of our approach facilitates the generalization to macromolecules with various chain architectures, copolymer compositions and charge patterns.To validate the effectiveness of our theory, we first apply it to the classical, yet not fully understood problems of polymer single-chain conformation and inter-chain interaction in the whole regime of solvent quality. For a neutral polymer, the complete picture of swollen coil-ideal coil-globule transition as solvent quality changes from good to θ, and to poor is captured. Our results confirm the classical concept of "thermal blob" in polymer science and provides a straightforward way to characterize its actual size. For polyelectrolytes, we observe the full scenario of globule-pearl necklace-extended coil transition as charge repulsion increases. For inter-chain interaction between two polymer chains, we capture the change from pure repulsion in good solvents to pure attraction in poor solvents, passing an intermediate state of short-range repulsion and long-range attraction. Our predictions are in good agreement with experiments in different aspects like scaling exponents and radius-of-gyration data.To manifest the versatility of the variational approach, we further study two biologically relevant problems: mechanisms for vesicle fission/fusion and the regulation of proteins on stability of biomolecular condensates. The kinetic pathway and the mechanical response during vesicle fission/fusion can be simultaneously captured. By taking vesicles formed by polyelectrolytes as a model system, we predict discontinuous transitions between the three morphologies: parent vesicle with a single cavity, hemifission/hemifusion and two separated child vesicles, as a result of breaking topological isomorphism. This is consistent with the classical picture of "stalk" mechanism for fusion and "budding-fission" mechanism for fission. With the increase of inter-vesicle repulsion, we observe a great reduction of the cleavage energy, indicating that vesicle fission can be achieved without hemifission, in good agreement with simulations where inter-vesicle repulsion is high. We model a real biomolecular condensate as a polymer condensed in a mixture of solvent and cosolvent. Even both solvent and cosolvent are good to the polymer, we demonstrate that strong polymer-cosolvent affinity induces the formation of a single-chain condensate. Even though all the molecular interactions are soft, the potential of mean force between two condensates exhibits an anomalous feature of long-range hard-wall repulsion, which cannot be categorized into any existing types of inter-chain interactions. The underlying mechanism is cosolvent regulation manifested as a discontinuous local condensation of cosolvent. The hard-wall repulsion provides a kinetic barrier to prevent coalescence of condensates and hence highlights the intrinsic role of proteins as a cosolvent in stabilizing biomolecular condensates.Having presented the whole picture of the variational field-theoretical approach from its development to its applications, this dissertation finally concludes by discussing new research directions and possible refinement of the theory in the future.
일반주제명  
Chemical engineering
일반주제명  
Polymer chemistry
일반주제명  
Nanoscience
키워드  
Macromolecules
키워드  
Self-consistent field theory
키워드  
Nanoparticles
키워드  
Polymer
키워드  
Polyelectrolytes
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Chemical Engineering
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aLiu,  Luofu.
■24512▼aA  Theoretical  Approach  to  Trap  Macromolecules
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a101  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Wang,  Rui.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  control  and  manipulation  of  nanoparticles  and  macromolecules  is  fundamental  to  the  investigation  of  their  structures,  interactions,  and  kinetic  pathways.  While  a  variety  of  methods  have  been  developed  in  experiments  and  computer  simulations  to  trap  molecules/particles,  it  remains  a  great  challenge  in  polymer  theory  to  realize  a  robust  control  of  macromolecules.  Conventional  boundary-condition  restrictions  in  self-consistent  field  theory  (SCFT)  calculations  fails  to  restrain  the  conformational  fluctuations  of  coil  polymers  and  lead  to  nonphysical  results.  Existing  theoretical  methods  to  capture  the  fluctuation  effects  suffer  from  certain  drawbacks:  they  either  impose  bias  on  the  confined  monomer  or  rely  on  the  distribution  of  the  confined  polymer  as  a  Gaussian  chain.  A  systematic,  adaptive,  and  versatile  theory  addressing  these  limitations  is  crucial  for  studying  the  fundamental  properties  of  macromolecules  under  different  conditions  like  sequence,  solvent,  charge  and  salt.  Inspired  by  the  trapping  approaches  developed  in  experiments  and  simulations,  in  this  dissertation,  we  present  a  Gaussian  variational  field-theoretical  approach  to  control  the  center-of-mass  (c.m.)  of  macromolecules.  The  theory  self-consistently  introduces  a  mean  force  that  controls  the  average  position  of  c.m.  and,  more  importantly,  a  self-adjustable  harmonic  potential  that  counters  the  fluctuation  of  c.m.  position.  The  latter  makes  it  applicable  to  coil  polymers,  like  neutral  polymers  in  θ  and  good  solvents  and  polyelectrolytes  experiencing  strong  charge  repulsions.  Our  approach  makes  significant  improvements  over  the  existing  methods.  The  field-theoretical  nature  of  our  approach  facilitates  the  generalization  to  macromolecules  with  various  chain  architectures,  copolymer  compositions  and  charge  patterns.To  validate  the  effectiveness  of  our  theory,  we  first  apply  it  to  the  classical,  yet  not  fully  understood  problems  of  polymer  single-chain  conformation  and  inter-chain  interaction  in  the  whole  regime  of  solvent  quality.  For  a  neutral  polymer,  the  complete  picture  of  swollen  coil-ideal  coil-globule  transition  as  solvent  quality  changes  from  good  to  θ,  and  to  poor  is  captured.  Our  results  confirm  the  classical  concept  of  "thermal  blob"  in  polymer  science  and  provides  a  straightforward  way  to  characterize  its  actual  size.  For  polyelectrolytes,  we  observe  the  full  scenario  of  globule-pearl  necklace-extended  coil  transition  as  charge  repulsion  increases.  For  inter-chain  interaction  between  two  polymer  chains,  we  capture  the  change  from  pure  repulsion  in  good  solvents  to  pure  attraction  in  poor  solvents,  passing  an  intermediate  state  of  short-range  repulsion  and  long-range  attraction.  Our  predictions  are  in  good  agreement  with  experiments  in  different  aspects  like  scaling  exponents  and  radius-of-gyration  data.To  manifest  the  versatility  of  the  variational  approach,  we  further  study  two  biologically  relevant  problems:  mechanisms  for  vesicle  fission/fusion  and  the  regulation  of  proteins  on  stability  of  biomolecular  condensates.  The  kinetic  pathway  and  the  mechanical  response  during  vesicle  fission/fusion  can  be  simultaneously  captured.  By  taking  vesicles  formed  by  polyelectrolytes  as  a  model  system,  we  predict  discontinuous  transitions  between  the  three  morphologies:  parent  vesicle  with  a  single  cavity,  hemifission/hemifusion  and  two  separated  child  vesicles,  as  a  result  of  breaking  topological  isomorphism.  This  is  consistent  with  the  classical  picture  of  "stalk"  mechanism  for  fusion  and  "budding-fission"  mechanism  for  fission.  With  the  increase  of  inter-vesicle  repulsion,  we  observe  a  great  reduction  of  the  cleavage  energy,  indicating  that  vesicle  fission  can  be  achieved  without  hemifission,  in  good  agreement  with  simulations  where  inter-vesicle  repulsion  is  high.  We  model  a  real  biomolecular  condensate  as  a  polymer  condensed  in  a  mixture  of  solvent  and  cosolvent.  Even  both  solvent  and  cosolvent  are  good  to  the  polymer,  we  demonstrate  that  strong  polymer-cosolvent  affinity  induces  the  formation  of  a  single-chain  condensate.  Even  though  all  the  molecular  interactions  are  soft,  the  potential  of  mean  force  between  two  condensates  exhibits  an  anomalous  feature  of  long-range  hard-wall  repulsion,  which  cannot  be  categorized  into  any  existing  types  of  inter-chain  interactions.  The  underlying  mechanism  is  cosolvent  regulation  manifested  as  a  discontinuous  local  condensation  of  cosolvent.  The  hard-wall  repulsion  provides  a  kinetic  barrier  to  prevent  coalescence  of  condensates  and  hence  highlights  the  intrinsic  role  of  proteins  as  a  cosolvent  in  stabilizing  biomolecular  condensates.Having  presented  the  whole  picture  of  the  variational  field-theoretical  approach  from  its  development  to  its  applications,  this  dissertation  finally  concludes  by  discussing  new  research  directions  and  possible  refinement  of  the  theory  in  the  future.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aChemical  engineering
■650  4▼aPolymer  chemistry
■650  4▼aNanoscience
■653    ▼aMacromolecules
■653    ▼aSelf-consistent  field  theory
■653    ▼aNanoparticles
■653    ▼aPolymer
■653    ▼aPolyelectrolytes
■690    ▼a0542
■690    ▼a0565
■690    ▼a0495
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bChemical  Engineering.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357205▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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