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Precipitation Interactions with the Earth's Surface
Precipitation Interactions with the Earth's Surface
Precipitation Interactions with the Earth's Surface

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103151
ISBN  
9798315735656
DDC  
551.5
저자명  
Marcovecchio, Alexa.
서명/저자  
Precipitation Interactions with the Earths Surface
발행사항  
[Sl] : The University of Arizona, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
119 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-11, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Dong, Xiquan;Behrangi, Ali.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Arizona, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Precipitation is a critical component of the Earth's water cycle and energy budget. It can shape the environment via erosion and flooding as well as support life on Earth via access to fresh water for agriculture and drinking. However, precipitation is one of the most difficult atmospheric parameters to quantify and its relationships with the Earth's surface require further study. The challenges in understanding precipitation's relationship with the Earth's surface vary depending on the region and environment where the precipitation is taking place. In polar environments, precipitation is sensitive to sea ice conditions and vice versa, while in continental environments, precipitation is sensitive to soil moisture and vice versa. In both polar and marine environments in situ observations of precipitation are limited due to the remote nature of the regions. In all environments, there are difficulties in measuring solid precipitation at the surface, as winds can more easily blow snow away from gauges and the liquid water content of snow varies depending on atmospheric conditions. Since precipitation can occur at such small temporal and spatial scales in all environments and over remote regions, it can be difficult to capture globally complete precipitation rates from in situ measurement or to parameterize them in climate models. This dissertation takes a holistic approach to addressing these challenges by investigating the impacts of precipitation in marine, polar, and continental environments. The first study (Marcovecchio et al. 2023), analyzed the relationship between precipitation and marine boundary layer clouds using measurements and retrievals from field campaigns the East North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Both regions are in marine environments with relatively high frequency occurrences of low-level, liquid dominant MBL clouds, but are in different hemispheres with different weather patterns. A summary of the study is as follows: we compared the cloud and drizzle macrophysical and microphysical properties of single-layer, liquid dominant marine boundary layer clouds and associated drizzle from the two field campaigns. Using field campaign data allows us to address the lack of in situ precipitation measurements at a consistent temporal and spatial resolution in marine regions. The results have shown that the Southern Ocean campaign has a higher drizzle frequency rate and a lower specific humidity that leads to a higher drizzle base than that of ENA. By improving our process level understanding of drizzle in each location, we may help to address the difficulties in parameterizing precipitation at small temporal and spatial scales in models. This work was published in the Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres.While the first study (Marcovecchio et al., 2023) investigates process level understanding of precipitation within the marine boundary layer atmosphere, the second study (Marcovecchio et al., 2021) investigates the relationship between precipitation and sea ice melt onset in a polar environment in the East Siberian Sea and the Laptev Sea. Sea ice season melt onset timing can vary interannually by up to three weeks, but models are still unable to pinpoint the timing of melt onset accurately. In the study, the results have shown when changes in precipitation phase and intensity may be significantly different before and after the melt onset of sea ice. One important conclusion of this study was that precipitation contributes to the initiation of ice melt and precipitation might also initiate albedo feedback processes. Specifically, we compare four years with early melt onset to four years with late melt onset in the area of focus to better compare the different responses to melt onset timing. The area of focus was selected because the atmosphere is most sensitive to sea ice melt onset in this region. There is not yet a high-quality ground-truth Arctic precipitation data product, so a consistency check is performed between MERRA-2, ERA-Interim, and ERA5 reanalysis Arctic precipitation products and the GPM GPCP satellite- and ground-based observational product. We found that all three reanalyses would yield the same conclusions, but spotlight one reanalysis in the article based on how it represents seasonal trends. For early melt years, we found that surface sensible flux loss and precipitation are above average in the days before and after the first major melt event, which represents heat and moisture transport coming into the area of focus from the midlatitudes. However, surface sensible heat flux loss and precipitation are below average in the month leading up to the first major melt event during late melt years. Instead, melt onset in late melt years is associated with the atmosphere reaching average seasonal conditions, as they had been below average in the weeks leading up to the first major melt event. This work is published in the International Journal of Climatology.Since the first and second study focus on marine precipitation, in the third study we investigate the relationship between precipitation and the land surface. As mentioned previously, in continental environments, precipitation is sensitive to soil moisture and vice versa. Accurate soil moisture information is important because it can be used to predict flood events, soil strength, and streamflow. The third study uses the Noah-MP land surface model to investigate how uncertainties in precipitation and other meteorological forcings propagate through Noah-MP and impact soil moisture. This study analyzes soil moisture and surface turbulent fluxes (sensible heat and latent heat) Noah-MP outputs as well as precipitation and temperature from ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis Version 5), GDAS (Global Data Assimilation System), and US Air Force Weather Analysis (AFWA) meteorological forcing datasets. Soil moisture from Noah-MP is compared to in-situ measurements from the USCRN (U.S. Climate Reference Network) and Level 3 satellite observations from SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive). Model output of sensible heat (SH) and latent heat (LH) are compared to in-situ flux tower measurements at ARM Southern Great Plains. We found that ERA5 has the best statistical comparisons for precipitation, with a bias lower two orders of magnitude smaller than the other forcing datasets. This contributes to ERA5 having a statistically the best soil moisture with a slightly better correlation, RMSE, and ubRMSE than AFWA relative to in situ data. In investigating how precipitation forcing uncertainties propagate through the Noah-MP model, we help to address one of the difficulties in parameterizing precipitation in models. Overall, this dissertation takes a broad approach to improving our understanding of precipitation interaction with the Earth's surface in three different environments: marine, polar, and continental. The first study (Marcovecchio et al., 2023) improves our understanding of microscale process-level knowledge of drizzle formation, which can help improve precipitation parameterizations in marine regions, and also uses field campaigns to address the sparsity of in situ measurements. The second study (Marcovecchio et al., 2021) compares precipitation data sources to address limited in situ observations in the polar environment and addresses relationships between sea ice and precipitation. Finally, the third study investigates the impacts of precipitation and meteorological forcings on soil moisture in a continental environment. It addresses the high variability of precipitation by seeing how its uncertainty propagates through land surface models and discusses how precipitation can impact soil moisture conditions at the land surface. The diverse focus areas of each study enable the exploration of precipitation over land, ocean surfaces (including sea ice), and within the marine boundary layer, enhancing our understanding of how precipitation interacts with the Earth's surface.
일반주제명  
Atmospheric sciences
일반주제명  
Climate change
일반주제명  
Geophysics
일반주제명  
Meteorology
키워드  
Precipitation
키워드  
Air Force Weather Analysis
키워드  
Soil moisture
키워드  
Climatology
키워드  
Marine boundary layer
기타저자  
The University of Arizona Atmospheric Sciences
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-11B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aMarcovecchio,  Alexa.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-6096-0976
■24510▼aPrecipitation  Interactions  with  the  Earth's  Surface
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  University  of  Arizona▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a119  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Dong,  Xiquan;Behrangi,  Ali.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  University  of  Arizona,  2025.
■520    ▼aPrecipitation  is  a  critical  component  of  the  Earth's  water  cycle  and  energy  budget.  It  can  shape  the  environment  via  erosion  and  flooding  as  well  as  support  life  on  Earth  via  access  to  fresh  water  for  agriculture  and  drinking.  However,  precipitation  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  atmospheric  parameters  to  quantify  and  its  relationships  with  the  Earth's  surface  require  further  study.  The  challenges  in  understanding  precipitation's  relationship  with  the  Earth's  surface  vary  depending  on  the  region  and  environment  where  the  precipitation  is  taking  place.  In  polar  environments,  precipitation  is  sensitive  to  sea  ice  conditions  and  vice  versa,  while  in  continental  environments,  precipitation  is  sensitive  to  soil  moisture  and  vice  versa.  In  both  polar  and  marine  environments  in  situ  observations  of  precipitation  are  limited  due  to  the  remote  nature  of  the  regions.  In  all  environments,  there  are  difficulties  in  measuring  solid  precipitation  at  the  surface,  as  winds  can  more  easily  blow  snow  away  from  gauges  and  the  liquid  water  content  of  snow  varies  depending  on  atmospheric  conditions.  Since  precipitation  can  occur  at  such  small  temporal  and  spatial  scales  in  all  environments  and  over  remote  regions,  it  can  be  difficult  to  capture  globally  complete  precipitation  rates  from  in  situ  measurement  or  to  parameterize  them  in  climate  models.  This  dissertation  takes  a  holistic  approach  to  addressing  these  challenges  by  investigating  the  impacts  of  precipitation  in  marine,  polar,  and  continental  environments.  The  first  study  (Marcovecchio  et  al.  2023),  analyzed  the  relationship  between  precipitation  and  marine  boundary  layer  clouds  using  measurements  and  retrievals  from  field  campaigns  the  East  North  Atlantic  and  Southern  Ocean.  Both  regions  are  in  marine  environments  with  relatively  high  frequency  occurrences  of  low-level,  liquid  dominant  MBL  clouds,  but  are  in  different  hemispheres  with  different  weather  patterns.  A  summary  of  the  study  is  as  follows:  we  compared  the  cloud  and  drizzle  macrophysical  and  microphysical  properties  of  single-layer,  liquid  dominant  marine  boundary  layer  clouds  and  associated  drizzle  from  the  two  field  campaigns.  Using  field  campaign  data  allows  us  to  address  the  lack  of  in  situ  precipitation  measurements  at  a  consistent  temporal  and  spatial  resolution  in  marine  regions.  The  results  have  shown  that  the  Southern  Ocean  campaign  has  a  higher  drizzle  frequency  rate  and  a  lower  specific  humidity  that  leads  to  a  higher  drizzle  base  than  that  of  ENA.  By  improving  our  process  level  understanding  of  drizzle  in  each  location,  we  may  help  to  address  the  difficulties  in  parameterizing  precipitation  at  small  temporal  and  spatial  scales  in  models.  This  work  was  published  in  the  Journal  of  Geophysical  Research  -  Atmospheres.While  the  first  study  (Marcovecchio  et  al.,  2023)  investigates  process  level  understanding  of  precipitation  within  the  marine  boundary  layer  atmosphere,  the  second  study  (Marcovecchio  et  al.,  2021)  investigates  the  relationship  between  precipitation  and  sea  ice  melt  onset  in  a  polar  environment  in  the  East  Siberian  Sea  and  the  Laptev  Sea.  Sea  ice  season  melt  onset  timing  can  vary  interannually  by  up  to  three  weeks,  but  models  are  still  unable  to  pinpoint  the  timing  of  melt  onset  accurately.  In  the  study,  the  results  have  shown  when  changes  in  precipitation  phase  and  intensity  may  be  significantly  different  before  and  after  the  melt  onset  of  sea  ice.  One  important  conclusion  of  this  study  was  that  precipitation  contributes  to  the  initiation  of  ice  melt  and  precipitation  might  also  initiate  albedo  feedback  processes.  Specifically,  we  compare  four  years  with  early  melt  onset  to  four  years  with  late  melt  onset  in  the  area  of  focus  to  better  compare  the  different  responses  to  melt  onset  timing.  The  area  of  focus  was  selected  because  the  atmosphere  is  most  sensitive  to  sea  ice  melt  onset  in  this  region.  There  is  not  yet  a  high-quality  ground-truth  Arctic  precipitation  data  product,  so  a  consistency  check  is  performed  between  MERRA-2,  ERA-Interim,  and  ERA5  reanalysis  Arctic  precipitation  products  and  the  GPM  GPCP  satellite-  and  ground-based  observational  product.  We  found  that  all  three  reanalyses  would  yield  the  same  conclusions,  but  spotlight  one  reanalysis  in  the  article  based  on  how  it  represents  seasonal  trends.  For  early  melt  years,  we  found  that  surface  sensible  flux  loss  and  precipitation  are  above  average  in  the  days  before  and  after  the  first  major  melt  event,  which  represents  heat  and  moisture  transport  coming  into  the  area  of  focus  from  the  midlatitudes.  However,  surface  sensible  heat  flux  loss  and  precipitation  are  below  average  in  the  month  leading  up  to  the  first  major  melt  event  during  late  melt  years.  Instead,  melt  onset  in  late  melt  years  is  associated  with  the  atmosphere  reaching  average  seasonal  conditions,  as  they  had  been  below  average  in  the  weeks  leading  up  to  the  first  major  melt  event.  This  work  is  published  in  the  International  Journal  of  Climatology.Since  the  first  and  second  study  focus  on  marine  precipitation,  in  the  third  study  we  investigate  the  relationship  between  precipitation  and  the  land  surface.  As  mentioned  previously,  in  continental  environments,  precipitation  is  sensitive  to  soil  moisture  and  vice  versa.  Accurate  soil  moisture  information  is  important  because  it  can  be  used  to  predict  flood  events,  soil  strength,  and  streamflow.  The  third  study  uses  the  Noah-MP  land  surface  model  to  investigate  how  uncertainties  in  precipitation  and  other  meteorological  forcings  propagate  through  Noah-MP  and  impact  soil  moisture.  This  study  analyzes  soil  moisture  and  surface  turbulent  fluxes  (sensible  heat  and  latent  heat)  Noah-MP  outputs  as  well  as  precipitation  and  temperature  from  ERA5  (ECMWF  Reanalysis  Version  5),  GDAS  (Global  Data  Assimilation  System),  and  US  Air  Force  Weather  Analysis  (AFWA)  meteorological  forcing  datasets.  Soil  moisture  from  Noah-MP  is  compared  to  in-situ  measurements  from  the  USCRN  (U.S.  Climate  Reference  Network)  and  Level  3  satellite  observations  from  SMAP  (Soil  Moisture  Active  Passive).  Model  output  of  sensible  heat  (SH)  and  latent  heat  (LH)  are  compared  to  in-situ  flux  tower  measurements  at  ARM  Southern  Great  Plains.  We  found  that  ERA5  has  the  best  statistical  comparisons  for  precipitation,  with  a  bias  lower  two  orders  of  magnitude  smaller  than  the  other  forcing  datasets.  This  contributes  to  ERA5  having  a  statistically  the  best  soil  moisture  with  a  slightly  better  correlation,  RMSE,  and  ubRMSE  than  AFWA  relative  to  in  situ  data.  In  investigating  how  precipitation  forcing  uncertainties  propagate  through  the  Noah-MP  model,  we  help  to  address  one  of  the  difficulties  in  parameterizing  precipitation  in  models.  Overall,  this  dissertation  takes  a  broad  approach  to  improving  our  understanding  of  precipitation  interaction  with  the  Earth's  surface  in  three  different  environments:  marine,  polar,  and  continental.  The  first  study  (Marcovecchio  et  al.,  2023)  improves  our  understanding  of  microscale  process-level  knowledge  of  drizzle  formation,  which  can  help  improve  precipitation  parameterizations  in  marine  regions,  and  also  uses  field  campaigns  to  address  the  sparsity  of  in  situ  measurements.  The  second  study  (Marcovecchio  et  al.,  2021)  compares  precipitation  data  sources  to  address  limited  in  situ  observations  in  the  polar  environment  and  addresses  relationships  between  sea  ice  and  precipitation.  Finally,  the  third  study  investigates  the  impacts  of  precipitation  and  meteorological  forcings  on  soil  moisture  in  a  continental  environment.  It  addresses  the  high  variability  of  precipitation  by  seeing  how  its  uncertainty  propagates  through  land  surface  models  and  discusses  how  precipitation  can  impact  soil  moisture  conditions  at  the  land  surface.  The  diverse  focus  areas  of  each  study  enable  the  exploration  of  precipitation  over  land,  ocean  surfaces  (including  sea  ice),  and  within  the  marine  boundary  layer,  enhancing  our  understanding  of  how  precipitation  interacts  with  the  Earth's  surface.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0009.
■650  4▼aAtmospheric  sciences
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■650  4▼aGeophysics
■650  4▼aMeteorology
■653    ▼aPrecipitation
■653    ▼aAir  Force  Weather  Analysis
■653    ▼aSoil  moisture
■653    ▼aClimatology
■653    ▼aMarine  boundary  layer
■690    ▼a0725
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0557
■690    ▼a0373
■71020▼aThe  University  of  Arizona▼bAtmospheric  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-11B.
■790    ▼a0009
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357222▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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