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The Role of Reward Processes and Positive Emotions During Exposure
The Role of Reward Processes and Positive Emotions During Exposure
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104819
- ISBN
- 9798290614205
- DDC
- 157
- 서명/저자
- The Role of Reward Processes and Positive Emotions During Exposure
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 200 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Craske, Michelle.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Anxiety disorders involve excessive and persistent fears, which have been explained using associative fear learning principles. For example, in fear conditioning, a salient cue (conditional stimulus; CS) is repeatedly presented with an aversive outcome (unconditional stimulus; US), which is thought to lead to the formation of a CS-US association. In fear extinction, the CS is repeatedly presented without the US and is thought to form a new inhibitory CS-noUS association. Extinction forms the foundation of exposure therapy, the gold standard treatment for anxiety disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that reward processes and positive emotions, such as relief, may play an important role during extinction. However, these relationships have been understudied in a clinical exposure therapy setting and predominant models of exposure therapy do not currently incorporate reward processes. This dissertation comprises three studies that aim to improve understanding of the role of reward processes and positive emotions in the context of exposure therapy as potential treatment targets, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the effectiveness of exposure therapy for anxiety.Study 1 examined whether reward sensitivity and positive affect predicted learning during exposure therapy. Learning was operationalized as participant updating of expectations regarding likelihood of US occurrence. Learning was measured in two ways using both observed and computational modeling indices, where faster decreases indicated more rapid updating of US expectancies and thus, faster learning. Study 1 also explored whether reward sensitivity, positive affect, and learning in turn predicted treatment outcomes. Study 1 found that reward sensitivity and positive affect prior to a course of exposure therapy did not predict learning, but higher positive affect predicted greater learning on a given exposure trial. This effect appeared to be driven by exposure trials where participants reported high within-person positive affect and lower expectations of US occurrence. Reward sensitivity, positive affect, and learning did not predict exposure therapy outcomes.Study 2 examined whether the self-reported positive emotional experience of relief predicted subsequent learning during exposure. As with learning, relief was measured in two ways using both observed and computational modeling indices. Study 2 also examined whether individual differences in reward sensitivity and positive affect predicted this subjective experience of relief, and explored whether learning and relief in turn predicted exposure outcomes. Study 2 found that the observed index of relief did not predict learning on the subsequent exposure trial, but faster changes in relief did predict faster subsequent changes in learning using computational modeling. Reward sensitivity and positive affect prior to a series of exposures did not predict changes in relief, but higher positive affect predicted greater relief on a given exposure trial. Faster changes in learning on both indices, but not relief, predicted lower public speaking anxiety symptoms at the end of the study.Study 3 examined whether reward sensitivity and positive affect could be manipulated in the context of exposure by comparing a positive rehearsal exercise with a neutral rehearsal exercise during exposure. Specifically, Study 3 compared group differences in overall exposure outcomes, learning across observed and computational modeling indices, and self-reported relief across observed and computational modeling indices. Study 3 found that public speaking anxiety symptoms significantly decreased across the study, with no group differences. On the observed index of learning, expectations of US occurrence significantly decreased across the study for both groups, but this decrease was significantly faster for the neutral rehearsal group. There were no group differences using computational modeling of learning. On the observed index of relief, relief significantly decreased for the positive rehearsal group but not the neutral rehearsal group. There were no group differences using computational modeling of relief, though relief rate of change did increase across the study. Reward sensitivity significantly increased across the study, with no group differences. There was no significant change or group difference in positive affect.Together, findings suggest that relief may indeed influence future learning, but does not itself directly influence overall exposure outcomes. Clinical strategies aimed at enhancing state positive affect prior to an exposure may be most influential for US expectancy updating and relief, which in turn may be most likely to enhance exposure outcomes. Both positive and neutral rehearsal strategies appear to be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms during exposure, though neutral rehearsal may impact outcomes via changes in US expectancy only, whereas positive rehearsal may impact outcomes via changes in US expectancy and relief. Overall, the current studies support the importance of reward processes and positive emotions on learning during exposure.
- 일반주제명
- Clinical psychology
- 일반주제명
- Psychology
- 일반주제명
- Mental health
- 키워드
- Aversive outcome
- 키워드
- US occurrence
- 키워드
- Exposure therapy
- 기타저자
- University of California, Los Angeles Psychology 0780
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■0820 ▼a157
■1001 ▼aBarnes-Horowitz, Nora Marjorie.
■24510▼aThe Role of Reward Processes and Positive Emotions During Exposure
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Los Angeles▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a200 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Craske, Michelle.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2025.
■520 ▼aAnxiety disorders involve excessive and persistent fears, which have been explained using associative fear learning principles. For example, in fear conditioning, a salient cue (conditional stimulus; CS) is repeatedly presented with an aversive outcome (unconditional stimulus; US), which is thought to lead to the formation of a CS-US association. In fear extinction, the CS is repeatedly presented without the US and is thought to form a new inhibitory CS-noUS association. Extinction forms the foundation of exposure therapy, the gold standard treatment for anxiety disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that reward processes and positive emotions, such as relief, may play an important role during extinction. However, these relationships have been understudied in a clinical exposure therapy setting and predominant models of exposure therapy do not currently incorporate reward processes. This dissertation comprises three studies that aim to improve understanding of the role of reward processes and positive emotions in the context of exposure therapy as potential treatment targets, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the effectiveness of exposure therapy for anxiety.Study 1 examined whether reward sensitivity and positive affect predicted learning during exposure therapy. Learning was operationalized as participant updating of expectations regarding likelihood of US occurrence. Learning was measured in two ways using both observed and computational modeling indices, where faster decreases indicated more rapid updating of US expectancies and thus, faster learning. Study 1 also explored whether reward sensitivity, positive affect, and learning in turn predicted treatment outcomes. Study 1 found that reward sensitivity and positive affect prior to a course of exposure therapy did not predict learning, but higher positive affect predicted greater learning on a given exposure trial. This effect appeared to be driven by exposure trials where participants reported high within-person positive affect and lower expectations of US occurrence. Reward sensitivity, positive affect, and learning did not predict exposure therapy outcomes.Study 2 examined whether the self-reported positive emotional experience of relief predicted subsequent learning during exposure. As with learning, relief was measured in two ways using both observed and computational modeling indices. Study 2 also examined whether individual differences in reward sensitivity and positive affect predicted this subjective experience of relief, and explored whether learning and relief in turn predicted exposure outcomes. Study 2 found that the observed index of relief did not predict learning on the subsequent exposure trial, but faster changes in relief did predict faster subsequent changes in learning using computational modeling. Reward sensitivity and positive affect prior to a series of exposures did not predict changes in relief, but higher positive affect predicted greater relief on a given exposure trial. Faster changes in learning on both indices, but not relief, predicted lower public speaking anxiety symptoms at the end of the study.Study 3 examined whether reward sensitivity and positive affect could be manipulated in the context of exposure by comparing a positive rehearsal exercise with a neutral rehearsal exercise during exposure. Specifically, Study 3 compared group differences in overall exposure outcomes, learning across observed and computational modeling indices, and self-reported relief across observed and computational modeling indices. Study 3 found that public speaking anxiety symptoms significantly decreased across the study, with no group differences. On the observed index of learning, expectations of US occurrence significantly decreased across the study for both groups, but this decrease was significantly faster for the neutral rehearsal group. There were no group differences using computational modeling of learning. On the observed index of relief, relief significantly decreased for the positive rehearsal group but not the neutral rehearsal group. There were no group differences using computational modeling of relief, though relief rate of change did increase across the study. Reward sensitivity significantly increased across the study, with no group differences. There was no significant change or group difference in positive affect.Together, findings suggest that relief may indeed influence future learning, but does not itself directly influence overall exposure outcomes. Clinical strategies aimed at enhancing state positive affect prior to an exposure may be most influential for US expectancy updating and relief, which in turn may be most likely to enhance exposure outcomes. Both positive and neutral rehearsal strategies appear to be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms during exposure, though neutral rehearsal may impact outcomes via changes in US expectancy only, whereas positive rehearsal may impact outcomes via changes in US expectancy and relief. Overall, the current studies support the importance of reward processes and positive emotions on learning during exposure.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0031.
■650 4▼aClinical psychology
■650 4▼aPsychology
■650 4▼aMental health
■653 ▼aAnxiety disorders
■653 ▼aAversive outcome
■653 ▼aConditional stimulus
■653 ▼aUS occurrence
■653 ▼aExposure therapy
■690 ▼a0622
■690 ▼a0621
■690 ▼a0347
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Los Angeles▼bPsychology 0780.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-01B.
■790 ▼a0031
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358991▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


