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Defining, Measuring, and Predicting Childhood Emotional Neglect
Defining, Measuring, and Predicting Childhood Emotional Neglect
Defining, Measuring, and Predicting Childhood Emotional Neglect

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104819
ISBN  
9798290913742
DDC  
157
저자명  
Anne Bird, Christine.
서명/저자  
Defining, Measuring, and Predicting Childhood Emotional Neglect
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
264 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ng, Lauren C.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Child maltreatment constitutes a major global public health concern, associated with substantial long-term consequences, including decreased life expectancy (Anda et al., 2006; World Health Organization, 2022). Childhood Emotional Neglect (CEN), a form of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment (CEM), affects an estimated 18% of individuals worldwide (Stoltenborgh et al., 2015) and is linked to heightened risk for both psychological and physical health difficulties in adulthood (Anda et al., 2006; MacMillan et al., 2007). Despite its prevalence and consequences, CEN remains significantly understudied relative to other forms of child maltreatment (Stoltenborgh et al., 2013), resulting in a lack of evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies (Kumari, 2020). Scholars have argued that these gaps are due, in part, to persistent challenges in the conceptualization, definition, and measurement (Carr et al., 2013; Spinhoven et al., 2014; Wolfe & McIsaac, 2015) of CEN. This three-study dissertation begins to address these conceptual and methodological concerns.Study 1 employed a systematic review of existing definitions and measurement items for both CEN and Childhood Emotional Abuse (CEA), given their frequent conflation in the literature (N = 1515 full-text articles). Results revealed marked inconsistencies between variables emphasized in CEN definitions and those assessed by existing instruments. In contrast, definitions and measurement tools for CEA were consistently aligned. Moreover, variables used to define CEN frequently overlapped with those used to characterize other maltreatment types, such as CEA and physical neglect. Most CEN instruments relied on retrospective self-report; only two observational measures were identified, neither of which comprehensively assessed CEN. These findings underscore the need for real-time CEN measurement to aid in preventative intervention efforts. Additionally, a comprehensive definition of CEN was synthesized from these findings.Study 2 translated the variables of CEM identified in Study 1 into the development of the Observational Childhood Emotional Maltreatment (OCEM) scale, a 16-item observational measure of CEN and CEA behaviors administered in both English and Spanish. Ten experts, including bilingual U.S.- and Peruvian-based child psychologists and doctoral candidates, provided input through cognitive interviews, supporting the face validity and usability of the OCEM. Revisions included merging two items, refining how frequency was captured, and incorporating severity ratings. The OCEM was piloted using Zoom-based home interaction recordings of Peruvian mothers (Mage = 35.52, SD = 6.25; 84.7% Mestizo) and their children (N = 307; Mage = 6.20, SD = 0.70; 44.1% girls). Interrater reliability across 40 videos coded by three trained raters was adequate for frequency (ICC =.79). and severity (ICC=.81). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor structure (one CEN factor and three CEA factors: Demanding, Distorting, and Frightening) in both scale variants. Confirmatory factor analysis of a 14-item version (excluding Parentification) showed an acceptable fit for most of the fit indices in the OCEM Severity model (χ² = 176.21, p .001; CFI = .92; TLI = .90; RMSEA = .07; SRMR = .13), suggesting the OCEM may be a feasible measure of observable CEN severity. Predictive validity was assessed using a measure of attachment and child behavioral concerns. The OCEM Severity scale demonstrated moderate, negative correlations, as expected, with the Emotional Availability Scale, supporting predictive validity in this instance. The Demanding CEA Factor of the OCEM was weakly, positively, and significantly associated with the total scale and the externalizing subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist, which was unexpected. No other significant correlations were identified between the CBCL and the OCEM and its factors, limiting evidence of predictive validity in this instance. While further refinement is needed, overall, the findings suggest that the OCEM may be a promising tool for assessing observed CEM severity.Study 3 employed the same sample of caregiver/offspring dyads to examine maternal predictors of observed CEN. Pregnant Peruvian women (Time 1= 2015; N = 2068; Mage = 28.05, SD = 6.14) completed measures of demographics and psychosocial risk. Approximately six years later (Time 2 = 2021 -2023), the same dyads completed behavioral observations (i.e., the recorded mother/child interactions in Study 2; N = 286). Multiple regression indicated that maternal reports of childhood CEA (β = .29, SE = 0.12, p = .002) and food insecurity during pregnancy (β = .14, SE = 0.28, p = .019) predicted later observed CEN; all other predictors were nonsignificant. These findings identify potential intervention points and contribute to the advancement of CEN theory, measurement, and prevention.
일반주제명  
Clinical psychology
일반주제명  
Public health
키워드  
Child maltreatment
키워드  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
키워드  
Childhood Emotional Abuse
키워드  
Childhood Emotional Neglect
키워드  
Intergenerational trauma
키워드  
Peruvian families
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Psychology 0780
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aAnne  Bird,  Christine.
■24510▼aDefining,  Measuring,  and  Predicting  Childhood  Emotional  Neglect
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a264  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ng,  Lauren  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2025.
■520    ▼aChild  maltreatment  constitutes  a  major  global  public  health  concern,  associated  with  substantial  long-term  consequences,  including  decreased  life  expectancy  (Anda  et  al.,  2006;  World  Health  Organization,  2022).  Childhood  Emotional  Neglect  (CEN),  a  form  of  Childhood  Emotional  Maltreatment  (CEM),  affects  an  estimated  18%  of  individuals  worldwide  (Stoltenborgh  et  al.,  2015)  and  is  linked  to  heightened  risk  for  both  psychological  and  physical  health  difficulties  in  adulthood  (Anda  et  al.,  2006;  MacMillan  et  al.,  2007).  Despite  its  prevalence  and  consequences,  CEN  remains  significantly  understudied  relative  to  other  forms  of  child  maltreatment  (Stoltenborgh  et  al.,  2013),  resulting  in  a  lack  of  evidence-based  prevention  and  intervention  strategies  (Kumari,  2020).  Scholars  have  argued  that  these  gaps  are  due,  in  part,  to  persistent  challenges  in  the  conceptualization,  definition,  and  measurement  (Carr  et  al.,  2013; Spinhoven  et  al.,  2014;  Wolfe  &  McIsaac,  2015)  of  CEN.  This  three-study  dissertation  begins  to  address  these  conceptual  and  methodological  concerns.Study  1  employed  a  systematic  review  of  existing  definitions  and  measurement  items  for  both  CEN  and  Childhood  Emotional  Abuse  (CEA),  given  their  frequent  conflation  in  the  literature  (N  =  1515  full-text  articles).  Results  revealed  marked  inconsistencies  between  variables  emphasized  in  CEN  definitions  and  those  assessed  by  existing  instruments.  In  contrast,  definitions  and  measurement  tools  for  CEA  were  consistently  aligned.  Moreover,  variables  used  to  define  CEN  frequently  overlapped  with  those  used  to  characterize  other  maltreatment  types,  such  as  CEA  and  physical  neglect.  Most  CEN  instruments  relied  on  retrospective  self-report;  only  two  observational  measures  were  identified,  neither  of  which  comprehensively  assessed  CEN.  These  findings  underscore  the  need  for  real-time  CEN  measurement  to  aid  in  preventative  intervention  efforts.  Additionally,  a  comprehensive  definition  of  CEN  was  synthesized  from  these  findings.Study  2  translated  the  variables  of  CEM  identified  in  Study  1  into  the  development  of  the  Observational  Childhood  Emotional  Maltreatment  (OCEM)  scale,  a  16-item  observational  measure  of  CEN  and  CEA  behaviors  administered  in  both  English  and  Spanish.  Ten  experts,  including  bilingual  U.S.-  and  Peruvian-based  child  psychologists  and  doctoral  candidates,  provided  input  through  cognitive  interviews,  supporting  the  face  validity  and  usability  of  the  OCEM.  Revisions  included  merging  two  items,  refining  how  frequency  was  captured,  and  incorporating  severity  ratings.  The  OCEM  was  piloted  using  Zoom-based  home  interaction  recordings  of  Peruvian  mothers  (Mage  =  35.52,  SD  =  6.25;  84.7%  Mestizo)  and  their  children  (N  =  307;  Mage  =  6.20,  SD  =  0.70;  44.1%  girls).  Interrater  reliability  across  40  videos  coded  by  three  trained  raters  was  adequate  for  frequency  (ICC  =.79).  and  severity  (ICC=.81).  Exploratory factor  analysis  yielded  a  four-factor  structure  (one  CEN  factor  and  three  CEA  factors:  Demanding,  Distorting,  and  Frightening)  in  both  scale  variants.  Confirmatory  factor  analysis  of  a  14-item  version  (excluding  Parentification)  showed  an  acceptable  fit  for  most  of  the  fit  indices  in  the  OCEM  Severity  model  (χ²  =  176.21,  p    .001;  CFI  =  .92;  TLI  =  .90;  RMSEA  =  .07;  SRMR  =  .13),  suggesting  the  OCEM  may  be  a  feasible  measure  of  observable  CEN  severity.  Predictive  validity  was  assessed  using  a  measure  of  attachment  and  child  behavioral  concerns.  The  OCEM  Severity  scale  demonstrated  moderate,  negative  correlations,  as  expected,  with  the  Emotional  Availability  Scale,  supporting  predictive  validity  in  this  instance.  The  Demanding  CEA  Factor  of  the  OCEM  was  weakly,  positively,  and  significantly  associated  with  the  total  scale  and  the  externalizing  subscale  of  the  Child  Behavior  Checklist,  which  was  unexpected.  No  other  significant  correlations  were  identified  between  the  CBCL  and  the  OCEM  and  its  factors,  limiting  evidence  of  predictive  validity  in  this  instance.  While  further  refinement  is  needed,  overall,  the  findings  suggest  that  the  OCEM  may  be  a  promising  tool  for  assessing  observed  CEM  severity.Study  3  employed  the  same  sample  of  caregiver/offspring  dyads  to  examine  maternal  predictors  of  observed  CEN.  Pregnant  Peruvian  women  (Time  1=  2015;  N  =  2068;  Mage  =  28.05,  SD  =  6.14)  completed  measures  of  demographics  and  psychosocial  risk.  Approximately  six  years  later  (Time  2  =  2021  -2023),  the  same  dyads  completed  behavioral  observations  (i.e.,  the  recorded  mother/child  interactions  in  Study  2;  N  =  286).  Multiple  regression  indicated  that  maternal  reports  of  childhood  CEA  (β  =  .29,  SE  =  0.12,  p  =  .002)  and  food  insecurity  during  pregnancy  (β  =  .14,  SE  =  0.28,  p  =  .019)  predicted  later  observed  CEN;  all  other  predictors  were  nonsignificant.  These  findings  identify  potential  intervention  points  and  contribute  to  the  advancement  of  CEN  theory,  measurement,  and  prevention.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aClinical  psychology
■650  4▼aPublic  health
■653    ▼aChild  maltreatment
■653    ▼aChildhood  Trauma  Questionnaire
■653    ▼aChildhood  Emotional  Abuse
■653    ▼aChildhood  Emotional  Neglect
■653    ▼aIntergenerational  trauma
■653    ▼aPeruvian  families
■690    ▼a0622
■690    ▼a0769
■690    ▼a0573
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bPsychology  0780.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358992▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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