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Advancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technologies and Optimization of Drying Kinetics
Advancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technologies and Optimization of Drying Kinetics
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202105147
- ISBN
- 9798297647794
- DDC
- 631.3
- 서명/저자
- Advancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technologies and Optimization of Drying Kinetics
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Davis, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 332 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Ahamed, Md. Shamim.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Prior to recent regulatory amendments, the production, research, and consumption of hemp were prohibited. Following the rescheduling, hemp has been grown for food, fiber, and medicinal production. The postharvest drying of hemp flowers is a critical yet under-researched area in the production of high-quality medicinal and wellness products. When hemp is not dried properly or inefficiently, it is susceptible to decreased physical properties, compromised chemical quality, and microbial proliferation. Research gaps exist about the effects of drying on color, cannabinoid and terpenoid concentrations, and microbial load. Specifically, sustainable drying methods, such as solar dryers, have not been recognized as viable solutions for drying hemp flowers. This dissertation examines sustainable drying methods, engineering drying characteristics, and stakeholder practices to enhance quality preservation and mitigate postharvest losses in the hemp industry.In Chapter 2, an indirect solar pallet dryer was designed and evaluated for its effectiveness in drying hemp flowers under summer conditions. The system demonstrated potential as a low-energy, accessible solution for smallholder farmers, reducing moisture content from 71% to 13.5% (wet basis) while preserving cannabinoids, terpenes, and color. The forced-air treatment had higher temperatures than the solar and passive-air dryers, resulting in more pronounced color variability. The ΔE results indicate that all drying methods resulted in perceptible color changes in both cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG. There was a significant increase in the major cannabinoid concentration when the tissue was dried compared to fresh tissue. The stored sample remained relatively constant, causing no significant change when compared to the fresh and dried groups. Solar-dried samples had higher terpene retention values compared to fresh, forced-dried, and passively dried samples, with storage having no significant effect on this difference. Additionally, force-dried samples often exhibited lower terpene retention due to degradation. Although microbial loads were higher than in passive drying, the solar method retained more terpenes and caused less color degradation, suggesting its viability with further optimization.Chapter 3 examines the drying kinetics of two hemp cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG, under hot air-drying conditions at temperatures of 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. The drying characteristics were modeled using both spheroid and ellipsoidal geometries. Results showed that higher temperatures accelerated drying and increased cannabinoid conversion while reducing terpene retention. Effective moisture diffusivity was examined in two cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG, and similar trends showed that the increase in temperature for both ellipsoidal and spherical models showed a decrease in moisture diffusivity (Deff). For Maverick, moisture diffusivity increased with temperature from 6.8 x 10−5 to 3.1x10−4 m²/s (spheroid) and from 2.1 x 10−8 to 2.1 x 10−9 m²/s (ellipsoid), with corresponding activation energies of 34.7 kJ/mol and 1.19 kJ/mol, respectively. AutoCBG exhibited a similar trend, with Deff increasing from 6.1 x 10−5 to 2.5 x 10−4 m²/s (spheroid) and from 3.1x10−9 to 2.9x10−8 m²/s (ellipsoid). Both major and minor cannabinoids were highest at 70 °C and lowest at 30 °C in the dried sample due to decarboxylation. The opposite trend was seen in terpenes, where degradation was caused by high temperature. Lastly, a significant color impact was observed in the highest temperature. Specifically, 70 °C in AutoCBG showed a ΔE of about 15 when compared to 30 °C which was less than a ΔE of 7.Chapter 4 employs semi-structured interviews and an online survey of U.S. hemp farmers and processors, identifying key themes such as market variability, technological needs, and innovation. Four major themes from the interviews included i) market variability and challenges, ii) postharvest practices, research needs, and technological advances, iii) perceptions and sentiments, and iv) information sharing, collaboration, and innovation. In addition, survey results showed other key ideas crucial to postharvest processing that focused on farm size and productivity, along with observing established industries such as tobacco as key resources for supporting development of hemp markets. Together, these studies contribute to the development of sustainable, efficient, and stakeholder-informed postharvest practices for the hemp flower industry, supporting both product quality and market development. The major limitations associated with the environment and resources, as well as the labor required for harvesting and environmental heat, decreased the number of plants available for the study. This dissertation uses engineering and qualitative approaches for understanding current postharvest practices impacts on quality of hemp flowers as well as current challenges and perceptions of the industry. Drying modeling is important for equipment design and development by applying understanding of how long flowers take to dry, how easily moisture is removed, and the effects of drying on key qualities that are important. In addition, challenges described can be used as future research questions that will be useful for the establishment of markets. Future research will focus on model development bey incorporating more parameters such as relative humidity are air velocity will allow for a more precise understanding of how the environment is affecting the movement of moisture within different varieties. There should also be further qualitative studies focused on understanding the needs of farmers, industry stakeholders, and policy advocates.
- 일반주제명
- Agricultural engineering
- 일반주제명
- Agronomy
- 일반주제명
- Horticulture
- 키워드
- Drying kinetics
- 키워드
- Hemp
- 키워드
- Postharvest
- 기타저자
- University of California, Davis Horticulture and Agronomy
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a631.3
■1001 ▼aBridges, Catelyn A.
■24510▼aAdvancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technologies and Optimization of Drying Kinetics
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Davis▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a332 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Ahamed, Md. Shamim.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
■520 ▼aPrior to recent regulatory amendments, the production, research, and consumption of hemp were prohibited. Following the rescheduling, hemp has been grown for food, fiber, and medicinal production. The postharvest drying of hemp flowers is a critical yet under-researched area in the production of high-quality medicinal and wellness products. When hemp is not dried properly or inefficiently, it is susceptible to decreased physical properties, compromised chemical quality, and microbial proliferation. Research gaps exist about the effects of drying on color, cannabinoid and terpenoid concentrations, and microbial load. Specifically, sustainable drying methods, such as solar dryers, have not been recognized as viable solutions for drying hemp flowers. This dissertation examines sustainable drying methods, engineering drying characteristics, and stakeholder practices to enhance quality preservation and mitigate postharvest losses in the hemp industry.In Chapter 2, an indirect solar pallet dryer was designed and evaluated for its effectiveness in drying hemp flowers under summer conditions. The system demonstrated potential as a low-energy, accessible solution for smallholder farmers, reducing moisture content from 71% to 13.5% (wet basis) while preserving cannabinoids, terpenes, and color. The forced-air treatment had higher temperatures than the solar and passive-air dryers, resulting in more pronounced color variability. The ΔE results indicate that all drying methods resulted in perceptible color changes in both cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG. There was a significant increase in the major cannabinoid concentration when the tissue was dried compared to fresh tissue. The stored sample remained relatively constant, causing no significant change when compared to the fresh and dried groups. Solar-dried samples had higher terpene retention values compared to fresh, forced-dried, and passively dried samples, with storage having no significant effect on this difference. Additionally, force-dried samples often exhibited lower terpene retention due to degradation. Although microbial loads were higher than in passive drying, the solar method retained more terpenes and caused less color degradation, suggesting its viability with further optimization.Chapter 3 examines the drying kinetics of two hemp cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG, under hot air-drying conditions at temperatures of 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. The drying characteristics were modeled using both spheroid and ellipsoidal geometries. Results showed that higher temperatures accelerated drying and increased cannabinoid conversion while reducing terpene retention. Effective moisture diffusivity was examined in two cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG, and similar trends showed that the increase in temperature for both ellipsoidal and spherical models showed a decrease in moisture diffusivity (Deff). For Maverick, moisture diffusivity increased with temperature from 6.8 x 10−5 to 3.1x10−4 m²/s (spheroid) and from 2.1 x 10−8 to 2.1 x 10−9 m²/s (ellipsoid), with corresponding activation energies of 34.7 kJ/mol and 1.19 kJ/mol, respectively. AutoCBG exhibited a similar trend, with Deff increasing from 6.1 x 10−5 to 2.5 x 10−4 m²/s (spheroid) and from 3.1x10−9 to 2.9x10−8 m²/s (ellipsoid). Both major and minor cannabinoids were highest at 70 °C and lowest at 30 °C in the dried sample due to decarboxylation. The opposite trend was seen in terpenes, where degradation was caused by high temperature. Lastly, a significant color impact was observed in the highest temperature. Specifically, 70 °C in AutoCBG showed a ΔE of about 15 when compared to 30 °C which was less than a ΔE of 7.Chapter 4 employs semi-structured interviews and an online survey of U.S. hemp farmers and processors, identifying key themes such as market variability, technological needs, and innovation. Four major themes from the interviews included i) market variability and challenges, ii) postharvest practices, research needs, and technological advances, iii) perceptions and sentiments, and iv) information sharing, collaboration, and innovation. In addition, survey results showed other key ideas crucial to postharvest processing that focused on farm size and productivity, along with observing established industries such as tobacco as key resources for supporting development of hemp markets. Together, these studies contribute to the development of sustainable, efficient, and stakeholder-informed postharvest practices for the hemp flower industry, supporting both product quality and market development. The major limitations associated with the environment and resources, as well as the labor required for harvesting and environmental heat, decreased the number of plants available for the study. This dissertation uses engineering and qualitative approaches for understanding current postharvest practices impacts on quality of hemp flowers as well as current challenges and perceptions of the industry. Drying modeling is important for equipment design and development by applying understanding of how long flowers take to dry, how easily moisture is removed, and the effects of drying on key qualities that are important. In addition, challenges described can be used as future research questions that will be useful for the establishment of markets. Future research will focus on model development bey incorporating more parameters such as relative humidity are air velocity will allow for a more precise understanding of how the environment is affecting the movement of moisture within different varieties. There should also be further qualitative studies focused on understanding the needs of farmers, industry stakeholders, and policy advocates.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0029.
■650 4▼aAgricultural engineering
■650 4▼aAgronomy
■650 4▼aHorticulture
■653 ▼aDrying kinetics
■653 ▼aHemp
■653 ▼aPostharvest
■653 ▼aSustainable drying methods
■690 ▼a0539
■690 ▼a0471
■690 ▼a0285
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Davis▼bHorticulture and Agronomy.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-04B.
■790 ▼a0029
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359624▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.


