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Advancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technologies and Optimization of Drying Kinetics
Advancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technolog...
Advancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technologies and Optimization of Drying Kinetics

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105147
ISBN  
9798297647794
DDC  
631.3
저자명  
Bridges, Catelyn A.
서명/저자  
Advancing Sustainable Postharvest Processing of Floral Hemp Through Solar Drying Technologies and Optimization of Drying Kinetics
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Davis, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
332 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Ahamed, Md. Shamim.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Prior to recent regulatory amendments, the production, research, and consumption of hemp were prohibited. Following the rescheduling, hemp has been grown for food, fiber, and medicinal production. The postharvest drying of hemp flowers is a critical yet under-researched area in the production of high-quality medicinal and wellness products. When hemp is not dried properly or inefficiently, it is susceptible to decreased physical properties, compromised chemical quality, and microbial proliferation. Research gaps exist about the effects of drying on color, cannabinoid and terpenoid concentrations, and microbial load. Specifically, sustainable drying methods, such as solar dryers, have not been recognized as viable solutions for drying hemp flowers. This dissertation examines sustainable drying methods, engineering drying characteristics, and stakeholder practices to enhance quality preservation and mitigate postharvest losses in the hemp industry.In Chapter 2, an indirect solar pallet dryer was designed and evaluated for its effectiveness in drying hemp flowers under summer conditions. The system demonstrated potential as a low-energy, accessible solution for smallholder farmers, reducing moisture content from 71% to 13.5% (wet basis) while preserving cannabinoids, terpenes, and color. The forced-air treatment had higher temperatures than the solar and passive-air dryers, resulting in more pronounced color variability. The ΔE results indicate that all drying methods resulted in perceptible color changes in both cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG. There was a significant increase in the major cannabinoid concentration when the tissue was dried compared to fresh tissue. The stored sample remained relatively constant, causing no significant change when compared to the fresh and dried groups. Solar-dried samples had higher terpene retention values compared to fresh, forced-dried, and passively dried samples, with storage having no significant effect on this difference. Additionally, force-dried samples often exhibited lower terpene retention due to degradation. Although microbial loads were higher than in passive drying, the solar method retained more terpenes and caused less color degradation, suggesting its viability with further optimization.Chapter 3 examines the drying kinetics of two hemp cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG, under hot air-drying conditions at temperatures of 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. The drying characteristics were modeled using both spheroid and ellipsoidal geometries. Results showed that higher temperatures accelerated drying and increased cannabinoid conversion while reducing terpene retention. Effective moisture diffusivity was examined in two cultivars, Maverick and AutoCBG, and similar trends showed that the increase in temperature for both ellipsoidal and spherical models showed a decrease in moisture diffusivity (Deff). For Maverick, moisture diffusivity increased with temperature from 6.8 x 10−5 to 3.1x10−4 m²/s (spheroid) and from 2.1 x 10−8 to 2.1 x 10−9 m²/s (ellipsoid), with corresponding activation energies of 34.7 kJ/mol and 1.19 kJ/mol, respectively. AutoCBG exhibited a similar trend, with Deff increasing from 6.1 x 10−5 to 2.5 x 10−4 m²/s (spheroid) and from 3.1x10−9 to 2.9x10−8 m²/s (ellipsoid). Both major and minor cannabinoids were highest at 70 °C and lowest at 30 °C in the dried sample due to decarboxylation. The opposite trend was seen in terpenes, where degradation was caused by high temperature. Lastly, a significant color impact was observed in the highest temperature. Specifically, 70 °C in AutoCBG showed a ΔE of about 15 when compared to 30 °C which was less than a ΔE of 7.Chapter 4 employs semi-structured interviews and an online survey of U.S. hemp farmers and processors, identifying key themes such as market variability, technological needs, and innovation. Four major themes from the interviews included i) market variability and challenges, ii) postharvest practices, research needs, and technological advances, iii) perceptions and sentiments, and iv) information sharing, collaboration, and innovation. In addition, survey results showed other key ideas crucial to postharvest processing that focused on farm size and productivity, along with observing established industries such as tobacco as key resources for supporting development of hemp markets. Together, these studies contribute to the development of sustainable, efficient, and stakeholder-informed postharvest practices for the hemp flower industry, supporting both product quality and market development. The major limitations associated with the environment and resources, as well as the labor required for harvesting and environmental heat, decreased the number of plants available for the study. This dissertation uses engineering and qualitative approaches for understanding current postharvest practices impacts on quality of hemp flowers as well as current challenges and perceptions of the industry. Drying modeling is important for equipment design and development by applying understanding of how long flowers take to dry, how easily moisture is removed, and the effects of drying on key qualities that are important. In addition, challenges described can be used as future research questions that will be useful for the establishment of markets. Future research will focus on model development bey incorporating more parameters such as relative humidity are air velocity will allow for a more precise understanding of how the environment is affecting the movement of moisture within different varieties. There should also be further qualitative studies focused on understanding the needs of farmers, industry stakeholders, and policy advocates.
일반주제명  
Agricultural engineering
일반주제명  
Agronomy
일반주제명  
Horticulture
키워드  
Drying kinetics
키워드  
Hemp
키워드  
Postharvest
키워드  
Sustainable drying methods
기타저자  
University of California, Davis Horticulture and Agronomy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a631.3
■1001  ▼aBridges,  Catelyn  A.
■24510▼aAdvancing  Sustainable  Postharvest  Processing  of  Floral  Hemp  Through  Solar  Drying  Technologies  and  Optimization  of  Drying  Kinetics
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a332  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ahamed,  Md.  Shamim.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Davis,  2025.
■520    ▼aPrior  to  recent  regulatory  amendments,  the  production,  research,  and  consumption  of  hemp  were  prohibited.  Following  the  rescheduling,  hemp  has  been  grown  for  food,  fiber,  and  medicinal  production.  The  postharvest  drying  of  hemp  flowers  is  a  critical  yet  under-researched  area  in  the  production  of  high-quality  medicinal  and  wellness  products.  When  hemp  is  not  dried  properly  or  inefficiently,  it  is  susceptible  to  decreased  physical  properties,  compromised  chemical  quality,  and  microbial  proliferation.  Research  gaps  exist  about  the  effects  of  drying  on  color,  cannabinoid  and  terpenoid  concentrations,  and  microbial  load.  Specifically,  sustainable  drying  methods,  such  as  solar  dryers,  have  not  been  recognized  as  viable  solutions  for  drying  hemp  flowers.  This  dissertation  examines  sustainable  drying  methods,  engineering  drying  characteristics,  and  stakeholder  practices  to  enhance  quality  preservation  and  mitigate  postharvest  losses  in  the  hemp  industry.In  Chapter  2,  an  indirect  solar  pallet  dryer  was  designed  and  evaluated  for  its  effectiveness  in  drying  hemp  flowers  under  summer  conditions.  The  system  demonstrated  potential  as  a  low-energy,  accessible  solution  for  smallholder  farmers,  reducing  moisture  content  from  71%  to  13.5%  (wet  basis)  while  preserving  cannabinoids,  terpenes,  and  color.  The  forced-air  treatment  had  higher  temperatures  than  the  solar  and  passive-air  dryers,  resulting  in  more  pronounced  color  variability.  The  ΔE  results  indicate  that  all  drying  methods  resulted  in  perceptible  color  changes  in  both  cultivars,  Maverick  and  AutoCBG.  There  was  a  significant  increase  in  the  major  cannabinoid  concentration  when  the  tissue  was  dried  compared  to  fresh  tissue.  The  stored  sample  remained  relatively  constant,  causing  no  significant  change  when  compared  to  the  fresh  and  dried  groups.  Solar-dried  samples  had  higher  terpene  retention  values  compared  to  fresh,  forced-dried,  and  passively  dried  samples,  with  storage  having  no  significant  effect  on  this  difference.  Additionally,  force-dried  samples  often  exhibited  lower  terpene  retention  due  to  degradation.  Although  microbial  loads  were  higher  than  in  passive  drying,  the  solar  method  retained  more  terpenes  and  caused  less  color  degradation,  suggesting  its  viability  with  further  optimization.Chapter  3  examines  the  drying  kinetics  of  two  hemp  cultivars,  Maverick  and  AutoCBG,  under  hot  air-drying  conditions  at  temperatures  of  30°C,  50°C,  and  70°C.  The  drying  characteristics  were  modeled  using  both  spheroid  and  ellipsoidal  geometries.  Results  showed  that  higher  temperatures  accelerated  drying  and  increased  cannabinoid  conversion  while  reducing  terpene  retention.  Effective  moisture  diffusivity  was  examined  in  two  cultivars,  Maverick  and  AutoCBG,  and  similar  trends  showed  that  the  increase  in  temperature  for  both  ellipsoidal  and  spherical  models  showed  a  decrease  in  moisture  diffusivity  (Deff).  For  Maverick,  moisture  diffusivity  increased  with  temperature  from  6.8  x  10−5  to  3.1x10−4  m²/s  (spheroid)  and  from  2.1  x  10−8  to  2.1  x  10−9  m²/s  (ellipsoid),  with  corresponding  activation  energies  of  34.7  kJ/mol  and  1.19  kJ/mol,  respectively.  AutoCBG  exhibited  a  similar  trend,  with  Deff  increasing  from  6.1  x  10−5  to  2.5  x  10−4  m²/s  (spheroid)  and  from  3.1x10−9  to  2.9x10−8  m²/s  (ellipsoid).  Both  major  and  minor  cannabinoids  were  highest  at  70  °C  and  lowest  at  30  °C  in  the  dried  sample  due  to  decarboxylation.  The  opposite  trend  was  seen  in  terpenes,  where  degradation  was  caused  by  high  temperature.  Lastly,  a  significant  color  impact  was  observed  in  the  highest  temperature.  Specifically,  70  °C  in  AutoCBG  showed  a  ΔE  of  about  15  when  compared  to  30  °C  which  was  less  than  a  ΔE  of  7.Chapter  4  employs  semi-structured  interviews  and  an  online  survey  of  U.S.  hemp  farmers  and  processors,  identifying  key  themes  such  as  market  variability,  technological  needs,  and  innovation.  Four  major  themes  from  the  interviews  included  i)  market  variability  and  challenges,  ii)  postharvest  practices,  research  needs,  and  technological  advances,  iii)  perceptions  and  sentiments,  and  iv)  information  sharing,  collaboration,  and  innovation.  In  addition,  survey  results  showed  other  key  ideas  crucial  to  postharvest  processing  that  focused  on  farm  size  and  productivity,  along  with  observing  established  industries  such  as  tobacco  as  key  resources  for  supporting  development  of  hemp  markets.  Together,  these  studies  contribute  to  the  development  of  sustainable,  efficient,  and  stakeholder-informed  postharvest  practices  for  the  hemp  flower  industry,  supporting  both  product  quality  and  market  development.  The  major  limitations  associated  with  the  environment  and  resources,  as  well  as  the  labor  required  for  harvesting  and  environmental  heat,  decreased  the  number  of  plants  available  for  the  study.  This  dissertation  uses  engineering  and  qualitative  approaches  for  understanding  current  postharvest  practices  impacts  on  quality  of  hemp  flowers  as  well  as  current  challenges  and  perceptions  of  the  industry.  Drying  modeling  is  important  for  equipment  design  and  development  by  applying  understanding  of  how  long  flowers  take  to  dry,  how  easily  moisture  is  removed,  and  the  effects  of  drying  on  key  qualities  that  are  important.  In  addition,  challenges  described  can  be  used  as  future  research  questions  that  will  be  useful  for  the  establishment  of  markets.  Future  research  will  focus  on  model  development  bey  incorporating  more  parameters  such  as  relative  humidity  are  air  velocity  will  allow  for  a  more  precise  understanding  of  how  the  environment  is  affecting  the  movement  of  moisture  within  different  varieties.  There  should  also  be  further  qualitative  studies  focused  on  understanding  the  needs  of  farmers,  industry  stakeholders,  and  policy  advocates.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0029.
■650  4▼aAgricultural  engineering
■650  4▼aAgronomy
■650  4▼aHorticulture
■653    ▼aDrying  kinetics
■653    ▼aHemp
■653    ▼aPostharvest
■653    ▼aSustainable  drying  methods
■690    ▼a0539
■690    ▼a0471
■690    ▼a0285
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Davis▼bHorticulture  and  Agronomy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0029
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359624▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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