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"Really Free Work" Labor, Freedom, and Self-Realization in Aristotle, Hegel, and Marx
"Really Free Work" Labor, Freedom, and Self-Realization in Aristotle, Hegel, and Marx
"Really Free Work" Labor, Freedom, and Self-Realization in Aristotle, Hegel, and Marx

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105151
ISBN  
9798293835904
DDC  
100
저자명  
Scott, Kyle.
서명/저자  
Really Free Work Labor, Freedom, and Self-Realization in Aristotle, Hegel, and Marx
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Los Angeles, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
212 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-03, Section: A.
주기사항  
Advisor: Herman, Barbara;Julius, Alexander Jacob.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Work is not typically associated with freedom. On the contrary, in both the history of philosophy and in ordinary life, work is often seen as inherently unfree: a mere means or necessary evil undertaken for the sake of freedom elsewhere. This dissertation challenges this prevailing view by developing an account of freedom in work that draws on three main figures: Aristotle, Hegel, and Marx.The account I develop is guided by a conception of freedom as self-sufficiency. In Chapter One, I begin by providing an interpretation of Aristotle's notion of self-sufficiency, or autarkeia, according to which an activity is self-sufficient to the extent that it does not depend upon anything external to it, in the form of either inputs that make its performance possible or outputs that determine its success or worth. On Aristotle's view, however, work (techne) falls short of such freedom because it depends on external inputs (materials, tools, and so on) and outputs (the various products it produces, and the use made of those products by others). Yet I argue that Aristotle's treatment of moral virtue suggests a more ambivalent appraisal of work. Although virtue depends upon external goods, it also achieves a measure of self-sufficiency by sustaining and reproducing itself across time: each exercise of virtue draws upon prior exercises and produces future ones in both the virtuous agent herself and in others. By analogy, I suggest, Aristotle gestures toward the possibility that work, too, might attain a form of self-sufficiency if it could likewise come to be directed at previous and future instances of itself.In Chapter Two, I turn to Hegel, who inherits the Aristotelian ideal of self-sufficiency but develops it in ways that give fuller expression to the more tentative possibilities noted above. In particular, Hegel shows how self-sufficiency can be achieved not by retreating from what is "other" but through a distinctive relation to it. This comes out most clearly in his account of mutual recognition, in which one acts both in dependence upon and for the sake of an "other," while at the same time finding in that relation an affirmation and extension of one's own self. In this way, relations of mutual recognition allow external aims and conditions to be "stripped" of their merely external character and recast as moments of one's own activity. Yet Hegel denies that modern work fully embodies this mutually recognitive structure. Although modern workers do what in fact depends upon and is directed towards previous and future instances of itself, they do not typically act from a conscious awareness of this fact. As such, their activity remains externally related to the conditions and ends upon which it depends.Finally, in Chapter Three, I turn to Marx, who I argue incorporates the Aristotelian-Hegelian ideal of freedom as self-sufficiency into his account of unalienated labor. Unalienated labor, I claim, is highly self-sufficient, and thus free, because it is forms a continuous whole with the activities of others, which serve as both its object (input) and aim (output). Unalienated labor, that is, would achieve a type of mutual recognition between the worker and the consumer of her products, in which each acts in unity with the other. Unalienated work, then, for Marx, does not terminate in a product that stands apart from the worker, but extends into the activity of the consumer, who takes up and completes that act in turn. Likewise, each act of unalienated labor draws upon previous such acts by others that provide the materials and conditions that it carries forward. In this way, unalienated labor forms part of an ongoing cycle of activity in which individuals do what continues and completes the activity of others, and act from a conscious awareness of this fact.The account that emerges challenges the prevailing view of work as inherently unfree and shows instead how it could become a form of self-sufficient activity-what Marx calls "really free work.".
일반주제명  
Philosophy
일반주제명  
Philosophy of science
키워드  
Alienation
키워드  
Freedom
키워드  
Labor
키워드  
Marx
키워드  
Self-realization
키워드  
Work
기타저자  
University of California, Los Angeles Philosophy 0651
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-03A.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.

MARC

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■300    ▼a212  p
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2025.
■520    ▼aWork  is  not  typically  associated  with  freedom.  On  the  contrary,  in  both  the  history  of  philosophy  and  in  ordinary  life,  work  is  often  seen  as  inherently  unfree:  a  mere  means  or  necessary  evil  undertaken  for  the  sake  of  freedom  elsewhere.  This  dissertation  challenges  this  prevailing  view  by  developing  an  account  of  freedom  in  work  that  draws  on  three  main  figures:  Aristotle,  Hegel,  and  Marx.The  account  I  develop  is  guided  by  a  conception  of  freedom  as  self-sufficiency.  In  Chapter  One,  I  begin  by  providing  an  interpretation  of  Aristotle's  notion  of  self-sufficiency,  or  autarkeia,  according  to  which  an  activity  is  self-sufficient  to  the  extent  that  it  does  not  depend  upon  anything  external  to  it,  in  the  form  of  either  inputs  that  make  its  performance  possible  or  outputs  that  determine  its  success  or  worth.  On  Aristotle's  view,  however,  work  (techne)  falls  short  of  such  freedom  because  it  depends  on  external  inputs  (materials,  tools,  and  so  on)  and  outputs  (the  various  products  it  produces,  and  the  use  made  of  those  products  by  others).  Yet  I  argue  that  Aristotle's  treatment  of  moral  virtue  suggests  a  more  ambivalent  appraisal  of  work.  Although  virtue  depends  upon  external  goods,  it  also  achieves  a  measure  of  self-sufficiency  by  sustaining  and  reproducing  itself  across  time:  each  exercise  of  virtue  draws  upon  prior  exercises  and  produces  future  ones  in  both  the  virtuous  agent  herself  and  in  others.  By  analogy,  I  suggest,  Aristotle  gestures  toward  the  possibility  that  work,  too,  might  attain  a  form  of  self-sufficiency  if  it  could  likewise  come  to  be  directed  at  previous  and  future  instances  of  itself.In  Chapter  Two,  I  turn  to  Hegel,  who  inherits  the  Aristotelian  ideal  of  self-sufficiency  but  develops  it  in  ways  that  give  fuller  expression  to  the  more  tentative  possibilities  noted  above.  In  particular,  Hegel  shows  how  self-sufficiency  can  be  achieved  not  by  retreating  from  what  is  "other"  but  through  a  distinctive  relation  to  it.  This  comes  out  most  clearly  in  his  account  of  mutual  recognition,  in  which  one  acts  both  in  dependence  upon  and  for  the  sake  of  an  "other,"  while  at  the  same  time  finding  in  that  relation  an  affirmation  and  extension  of  one's  own  self.  In  this  way,  relations  of  mutual  recognition  allow  external  aims  and  conditions  to  be  "stripped"  of  their  merely  external  character  and  recast  as  moments  of  one's  own  activity.  Yet  Hegel  denies  that  modern  work  fully  embodies  this  mutually  recognitive  structure.  Although  modern  workers  do  what  in  fact  depends  upon  and  is  directed  towards  previous  and  future  instances  of  itself,  they  do  not  typically  act  from  a  conscious  awareness  of  this  fact.  As  such,  their  activity  remains  externally  related  to  the  conditions  and  ends  upon  which  it  depends.Finally,  in  Chapter  Three,  I  turn  to  Marx,  who  I  argue  incorporates  the  Aristotelian-Hegelian  ideal  of  freedom  as  self-sufficiency  into  his  account  of  unalienated  labor.  Unalienated  labor,  I  claim,  is  highly  self-sufficient,  and  thus  free,  because  it  is  forms  a  continuous  whole  with  the  activities  of  others,  which  serve  as  both  its  object  (input)  and  aim  (output).  Unalienated  labor,  that  is,  would  achieve  a  type  of  mutual  recognition  between  the  worker  and  the  consumer  of  her  products,  in  which  each  acts  in  unity  with  the  other.  Unalienated  work,  then,  for  Marx,  does  not  terminate  in  a  product  that  stands  apart  from  the  worker,  but  extends  into  the  activity  of  the  consumer,  who  takes  up  and  completes  that  act  in  turn.  Likewise,  each  act  of  unalienated  labor  draws  upon  previous  such  acts  by  others  that  provide  the  materials  and  conditions  that  it  carries  forward.  In  this  way,  unalienated  labor  forms  part  of  an  ongoing  cycle  of  activity  in  which  individuals  do  what  continues  and  completes  the  activity  of  others,  and  act  from  a  conscious  awareness  of  this  fact.The  account  that  emerges  challenges  the  prevailing  view  of  work  as  inherently  unfree  and  shows  instead  how  it  could  become  a  form  of  self-sufficient  activity-what  Marx  calls  "really  free  work.".
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aPhilosophy
■650  4▼aPhilosophy  of  science
■653    ▼aAlienation
■653    ▼aFreedom
■653    ▼aLabor
■653    ▼aMarx
■653    ▼aSelf-realization
■653    ▼aWork
■690    ▼a0422
■690    ▼a0402
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bPhilosophy  0651.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-03A.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359647▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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