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Human-In-The-Loop Energy-Efficient Building HVAC Control
Human-In-The-Loop Energy-Efficient Building HVAC Control
Human-In-The-Loop Energy-Efficient Building HVAC Control

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105507
ISBN  
9798263326333
DDC  
519.5
저자명  
Chen, Liangliang.
서명/저자  
Human-In-The-Loop Energy-Efficient Building HVAC Control
발행사항  
[Sl] : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
188 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-05, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Zhang, Ying.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia Institute of Technology, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약The Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are essential units in buildings that regulate indoor temperature, humidity, and air quality to ensure occupant comfort. They are also major energy-consuming appliances in building systems, accounting for almost 40% of the total energy consumption in the United States. On the one hand, reducing the energy consumption of HVAC systems is crucial for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, it is important to maintain the comfort levels of occupants while implementing energy-saving HVAC controllers. The objective of this dissertation is to design human-in-the-loop energy-efficient controllers for building HVAC systems.The thermal dynamics model of a building system is highly nonlinear and difficult to describe with analytic equations. Therefore, traditional control methods that require a simple yet sufficiently accurate model cannot be used. To address this problem, we use Reinforcement Learning (RL) to develop HVAC controllers for environments with complex dynamics. The RL agent is trained in a data-driven manner using a dataset collected through interactions with the environment. Since the data collection process in a building system is typically slow, model-based RL is used to derive the HVAC controller, which is more sample-efficient than model-free RL algorithms. Additionally, our proposed method combines model-based RL and Model Predictive Control (MPC) to avoid compounding errors by imitating the results of MPC random shooting. We conduct simulation experiments in the EnergyPlus environment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, with comparisons to existing algorithms highlighting the advantages of our method in energy efficiency and indoor temperature regulation.Different occupants have varied thermal preferences, making it challenging for a shared HVAC controller to ensure personalized comfort for every individual. To address this, we employ a meta-learning algorithm to develop a personalized thermal comfort model with minimal feedback instances. Utilizing the learned meta-model, we create a method that leverages the backpropagation of Neural Networks (NNs) to determine the optimal environmental and personal conditions for each occupant. A notable benefit of this identification algorithm is that thermal comfort, as indicated by the mean thermal sensation vote, progressively improves during the data collection phase. We validate the effectiveness of the meta-learning algorithm using the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Airconditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) global thermal comfort database II, showing that it can enhance prediction accuracy after gathering just five thermal sensation votes from an occupant. Additionally, we demonstrate the identification algorithm's efficacy in finding the best personalized thermal environmental conditions through a thermal sensation generation model based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) model.The final chapter of this dissertation focuses on further improving the RL-based HVAC controllers by leveraging offline datasets and the personalized thermal comfort model. The exploration actions when training an HVAC controller via online RL may lead to unsafe states, such as an unreasonably high indoor air temperature, which makes the occupants extremely uncomfortable. By designing a high-performance model-based offline RL algorithm, we aim to mitigate the requirement of on-policy data for training that the existing RL-based HVAC controllers typically have. We train an ensemble NN to predict the thermal states of the considered zone. The obtained ensemble networks can indicate the regions in the state and action spaces covered by the offline dataset. With the personalized thermal preference model updated via meta-testing, model-based RL is used to derive the optimal HVAC controller so that the obtained HVAC controller can adapt to different occupants' thermal preferences with minimal thermal feedback. Since the proposed algorithm only requires offline datasets and minimal online thermal feedback for training, it contributes to a safer training process and more practical deployment of the RL algorithm in HVAC systems. Numerical simulations in the EnergyPlus environment demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can guarantee personalized thermal preferences with a slight increase in power consumption of 1.91% compared to the model-based RL algorithm with on-policy data aggregation.In summary, the proposed methods presented in this dissertation achieve human-in-theloop energy-efficient control for HVAC systems that ensure personalized thermal comfort for occupants. The improved HVAC controllers are promising for applications in real building systems and may provide new practical technologies for smart buildings in the future.
일반주제명  
Mean square errors
일반주제명  
Humidity
일반주제명  
Greenhouse gases
일반주제명  
Air conditioning
일반주제명  
Neural networks
일반주제명  
Controllers
일반주제명  
HVAC
일반주제명  
Energy consumption
일반주제명  
Ventilation
일반주제명  
Markov analysis
일반주제명  
Climate change
일반주제명  
Sustainability
기타저자  
Georgia Institute of Technology.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-05B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■1001  ▼aChen,  Liangliang.
■24510▼aHuman-In-The-Loop  Energy-Efficient  Building  HVAC  Control
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a188  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Zhang,  Ying.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Georgia  Institute  of  Technology,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  Heating,  Ventilation,  and  Air  Conditioning  (HVAC)  systems  are  essential  units  in  buildings  that  regulate  indoor  temperature,  humidity,  and  air  quality  to  ensure  occupant  comfort.  They  are  also  major  energy-consuming  appliances  in  building  systems,  accounting  for  almost  40%  of  the  total  energy  consumption  in  the  United  States.  On  the  one  hand,  reducing  the  energy  consumption  of  HVAC  systems  is  crucial  for  decreasing  greenhouse  gas  emissions.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  important  to  maintain  the  comfort  levels  of  occupants  while  implementing  energy-saving  HVAC  controllers.  The  objective  of  this  dissertation  is  to  design  human-in-the-loop  energy-efficient  controllers  for  building  HVAC  systems.The  thermal  dynamics  model  of  a  building  system  is  highly  nonlinear  and  difficult  to  describe  with  analytic  equations.  Therefore,  traditional  control  methods  that  require  a  simple  yet  sufficiently  accurate  model  cannot  be  used.  To  address  this  problem,  we  use  Reinforcement  Learning  (RL)  to  develop  HVAC  controllers  for  environments  with  complex  dynamics.  The  RL  agent  is  trained  in  a  data-driven  manner  using  a  dataset  collected  through  interactions  with  the  environment.  Since  the  data  collection  process  in  a  building  system  is  typically  slow,  model-based  RL  is  used  to  derive  the  HVAC  controller,  which  is  more  sample-efficient  than  model-free  RL  algorithms.  Additionally,  our  proposed  method  combines  model-based  RL  and  Model  Predictive  Control  (MPC)  to  avoid  compounding  errors  by  imitating  the  results  of  MPC  random  shooting.  We  conduct  simulation  experiments  in  the  EnergyPlus  environment  to  demonstrate  the  effectiveness  of  the  proposed  algorithm,  with  comparisons  to  existing  algorithms  highlighting  the  advantages  of  our  method  in  energy  efficiency  and  indoor  temperature  regulation.Different  occupants  have  varied  thermal  preferences,  making  it  challenging  for  a  shared  HVAC  controller  to  ensure  personalized  comfort  for  every  individual.  To  address  this,  we  employ  a  meta-learning  algorithm  to  develop  a  personalized  thermal  comfort  model  with  minimal  feedback  instances.  Utilizing  the  learned  meta-model,  we  create  a  method  that  leverages  the  backpropagation  of  Neural  Networks  (NNs)  to  determine  the  optimal  environmental  and  personal  conditions  for  each  occupant.  A  notable  benefit  of  this  identification  algorithm  is  that  thermal  comfort,  as  indicated  by  the  mean  thermal  sensation  vote,  progressively  improves  during  the  data  collection  phase.  We  validate  the  effectiveness  of  the  meta-learning  algorithm  using  the  American  Society  of  Heating,  Refrigerating  and  Airconditioning  Engineers  (ASHRAE)  global  thermal  comfort  database  II,  showing  that  it  can  enhance  prediction  accuracy  after  gathering  just  five  thermal  sensation  votes  from  an  occupant.  Additionally,  we  demonstrate  the  identification  algorithm's  efficacy  in  finding  the  best  personalized  thermal  environmental  conditions  through  a  thermal  sensation  generation  model  based  on  the  Predicted  Mean  Vote  (PMV)  model.The  final  chapter  of  this  dissertation  focuses  on  further  improving  the  RL-based  HVAC  controllers  by  leveraging  offline  datasets  and  the  personalized  thermal  comfort  model.  The  exploration  actions  when  training  an  HVAC  controller  via  online  RL  may  lead  to  unsafe  states,  such  as  an  unreasonably  high  indoor  air  temperature,  which  makes  the  occupants  extremely  uncomfortable.  By  designing  a  high-performance  model-based  offline  RL  algorithm,  we  aim  to  mitigate  the  requirement  of  on-policy  data  for  training  that  the  existing  RL-based  HVAC  controllers  typically  have.  We  train  an  ensemble  NN  to  predict  the  thermal  states  of  the  considered  zone.  The  obtained  ensemble  networks  can  indicate  the  regions  in  the  state  and  action  spaces  covered  by  the  offline  dataset.  With  the  personalized  thermal  preference  model  updated  via  meta-testing,  model-based  RL  is  used  to  derive  the  optimal  HVAC  controller  so  that  the  obtained  HVAC  controller  can  adapt  to  different  occupants'  thermal  preferences  with  minimal  thermal  feedback.  Since  the  proposed  algorithm  only  requires  offline  datasets  and  minimal  online  thermal  feedback  for  training,  it  contributes  to  a  safer  training  process  and  more  practical  deployment  of  the  RL  algorithm  in  HVAC  systems.  Numerical  simulations  in  the  EnergyPlus  environment  demonstrate  that  the  proposed  algorithm  can  guarantee  personalized  thermal  preferences  with  a  slight  increase  in  power  consumption  of  1.91%  compared  to  the  model-based  RL  algorithm  with  on-policy  data  aggregation.In  summary,  the  proposed  methods  presented  in  this  dissertation  achieve  human-in-theloop  energy-efficient  control  for  HVAC  systems  that  ensure  personalized  thermal  comfort  for  occupants.  The  improved  HVAC  controllers  are  promising  for  applications  in  real  building  systems  and  may  provide  new  practical  technologies  for  smart  buildings  in  the  future.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0078.
■650  4▼aMean  square  errors
■650  4▼aHumidity
■650  4▼aGreenhouse  gases
■650  4▼aAir  conditioning
■650  4▼aNeural  networks
■650  4▼aControllers
■650  4▼aHVAC
■650  4▼aEnergy  consumption
■650  4▼aVentilation
■650  4▼aMarkov  analysis
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■650  4▼aSustainability
■690    ▼a0729
■690    ▼a0800
■690    ▼a0404
■690    ▼a0796
■690    ▼a0640
■71020▼aGeorgia  Institute  of  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-05B.
■790    ▼a0078
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360331▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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