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Job Loss and Work Among Older Workers
Job Loss and Work Among Older Workers
Job Loss and Work Among Older Workers

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202103153
ISBN  
9798280718166
DDC  
301
저자명  
Mitukiewicz, Alexandra.
서명/저자  
Job Loss and Work Among Older Workers
발행사항  
[Sl] : Harvard University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
222 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-12, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Killewald, Alexandra;Pedulla, David.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약In recent decades the older worker population has grown significantly, and its sociodemographic composition has become more diverse. Yet it is not clear what the implications of these demographic changes are for work in older age. Prior research on aging and work has predominately studied more advantaged workers. This dissertation improves our understanding of the labor market experiences of marginalized workers in older age.In Chapter 2, I evaluate whether Black-White disparities in reemployment likelihood increase, decrease, or remain constant among older workers relative to younger workers and what factors explain these differences. I draw on scholarship on racial disparities in health and evaluate three hypotheses: cumulative dis/advantage (inequality increases over time), aging-as-leveler (inequality decreases over time), and persistent inequality (inequality does not change over time). I test these hypotheses using hazard models and data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. I find that Black-White inequalities in reemployment narrow by about 70 percent in older age, supporting the aging-as-leveler perspective. Relative to their younger counterparts, White older workers experience a greater decline in reemployment likelihood than Black older workers. Though Black older workers face the lowest chance of reemployment. Prior experience, education, and skills do not explain Black-White differences in reemployment across age, suggesting that hiring discrimination and other post-job-loss factors likely underlie these differences.In Chapter 3, I generate more comprehensive estimates of Black-White differences in the costs of job loss across age and test which theories account for these differences. Scholarship on job loss typically examines changes in earnings only for workers who reemploy and likely underestimates the financial implications of late-career job loss, particularly for minority older workers. In my sample I include individuals who do not reemploy to account for Black and older workers' lower likelihood of reemployment. Using fixed effects models and data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, I find that workers experience a large decline in earnings following job loss, ranging from 65 to 81 percent 1-3 years after job loss. Older and Black workers experience greater declines in earnings than their White and younger counterparts, but I do not find evidence of Black-White disparities changing across age. I find that job tenure partially accounts for age differences, pointing to human capital, job matching, and deferred compensation theories. However, age and race differences in earnings losses remain either partially or totally unexplained, suggesting that differences stem from unobserved factors that likely emerge after job loss, such as job search characteristics and age and racial discrimination. In Chapter 4, I examine why less-educated men are more likely to exit the labor force than their more-educated counterparts prior to retirement age. In recent decades there has been an increase in early retirement (labor force exit by around age 60) among men, particularly among those without a college degree. This gap in labor force attachment by educational attainment (what I refer to as the education gap) is of concern because working into older age is critical for creating a sufficient nest egg for retirement. Is the education gap in labor force participation due to choice or constraint? I use the Health and Retirement Study to estimate how much of the education gap is a function of less-educated men disproportionately being unable to work (health status) and disproportionately lacking access to higher-quality jobs with employee retirement benefits that encourage working longer (pensions). I find that differences in health status and in pension coverage account for 67 percent and 22 percent of the gap, respectively. Together these findings suggest that less-educated men likely exit the labor force due to constraint, prior to saving enough for retirement. The education gap in labor force participation could therefore be a precursor to retirement security inequalities in older age.
일반주제명  
Sociology
키워드  
Sociodemographic composition
키워드  
Reemployment
키워드  
Job loss
키워드  
Job matching
키워드  
Marginalized workers
기타저자  
Harvard University Social Policy
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-12B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aIn  recent  decades  the  older  worker  population  has  grown  significantly,  and  its  sociodemographic  composition  has  become  more  diverse.  Yet  it  is  not  clear  what  the  implications  of  these  demographic  changes  are  for  work  in  older  age.  Prior  research  on  aging  and  work  has  predominately  studied  more  advantaged  workers.  This  dissertation  improves  our  understanding  of  the  labor  market  experiences  of  marginalized  workers  in  older  age.In  Chapter  2,  I  evaluate  whether  Black-White  disparities  in  reemployment  likelihood  increase,  decrease,  or  remain  constant  among  older  workers  relative  to  younger  workers  and  what  factors  explain  these  differences.  I  draw  on  scholarship  on  racial  disparities  in  health  and  evaluate  three  hypotheses:  cumulative  dis/advantage  (inequality  increases  over  time),  aging-as-leveler  (inequality  decreases  over  time),  and  persistent  inequality  (inequality  does  not  change  over  time).  I  test  these  hypotheses  using  hazard  models  and  data  from  the  Survey  of  Income  and  Program  Participation.  I  find  that  Black-White  inequalities  in  reemployment  narrow  by  about  70  percent  in  older  age,  supporting  the  aging-as-leveler  perspective.  Relative  to  their  younger  counterparts,  White  older  workers  experience  a  greater  decline  in  reemployment  likelihood  than  Black  older  workers.  Though  Black  older  workers  face  the  lowest  chance  of  reemployment.  Prior  experience,  education,  and  skills  do  not  explain  Black-White  differences  in  reemployment  across  age,  suggesting  that  hiring  discrimination  and  other  post-job-loss  factors  likely  underlie  these  differences.In  Chapter  3,  I  generate  more  comprehensive  estimates  of  Black-White  differences  in  the  costs  of  job  loss  across  age  and  test  which  theories  account  for  these  differences.  Scholarship  on  job  loss  typically  examines  changes  in  earnings  only  for  workers  who  reemploy  and  likely  underestimates  the  financial  implications  of  late-career  job  loss,  particularly  for  minority  older  workers.  In  my  sample  I  include  individuals  who  do  not  reemploy  to  account  for  Black  and  older  workers'  lower  likelihood  of  reemployment.  Using  fixed  effects  models  and  data  from  the  Survey  of  Income  and  Program  Participation,  I  find  that  workers  experience  a  large  decline  in  earnings  following  job  loss,  ranging  from  65  to  81  percent  1-3  years  after  job  loss.  Older  and  Black  workers  experience  greater  declines  in  earnings  than  their  White  and  younger  counterparts,  but  I  do  not  find  evidence  of  Black-White  disparities  changing  across  age.  I  find  that  job  tenure  partially  accounts  for  age  differences,  pointing  to  human  capital,  job  matching,  and  deferred  compensation  theories.  However,  age  and  race  differences  in  earnings  losses  remain  either  partially  or  totally  unexplained,  suggesting  that  differences  stem  from  unobserved  factors  that  likely  emerge  after  job  loss,  such  as  job  search  characteristics  and  age  and  racial  discrimination. In  Chapter  4,  I  examine  why  less-educated  men  are  more  likely  to  exit  the  labor  force  than  their  more-educated  counterparts  prior  to  retirement  age.  In  recent  decades  there  has  been  an  increase  in  early  retirement  (labor  force  exit  by  around  age  60)  among  men,  particularly  among  those  without  a  college  degree.  This  gap  in  labor  force  attachment  by  educational  attainment  (what  I  refer  to  as  the  education  gap)  is  of  concern  because  working  into  older  age  is  critical  for  creating  a  sufficient  nest  egg  for  retirement.  Is  the  education  gap  in  labor  force  participation  due  to  choice  or  constraint?  I  use  the  Health  and  Retirement  Study  to  estimate  how  much  of  the  education  gap  is  a  function  of  less-educated  men  disproportionately  being  unable  to  work  (health  status)  and  disproportionately  lacking  access  to  higher-quality  jobs  with  employee retirement  benefits  that  encourage  working  longer  (pensions).  I  find  that  differences  in  health  status  and  in  pension  coverage  account  for  67  percent  and  22  percent  of  the  gap,  respectively.  Together  these  findings  suggest  that  less-educated  men  likely  exit  the  labor  force  due  to  constraint,  prior  to  saving  enough  for  retirement.  The  education  gap  in  labor  force  participation  could  therefore  be  a  precursor  to  retirement  security  inequalities  in  older  age.
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■650  4▼aSociology
■653    ▼aSociodemographic  composition
■653    ▼aReemployment
■653    ▼aJob  loss
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■653    ▼aMarginalized  workers
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■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bSocial  Policy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-12B.
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■792    ▼a2025
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■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17357236▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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