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Theories of Structure, Dynamics, and Plasticity in Neural Circuits
Theories of Structure, Dynamics, and Plasticity in Neural Circuits
Theories of Structure, Dynamics, and Plasticity in Neural Circuits

Detailed Information

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104836
ISBN  
9798290971148
DDC  
616
저자명  
Clark, David G.
서명/저자  
Theories of Structure, Dynamics, and Plasticity in Neural Circuits
발행사항  
[Sl] : Columbia University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
437 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-02, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Abbott, Larry F.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Neural circuits generate cognition, sensation, and behavior through the coordinated activity of many interconnected units. Understanding how these functions emerge dynamically and what connectivity structures support this emergence is a central challenge in neuroscience. This challenge is compounded by neural circuits' essential features: large numbers of components (neurons), nonlinear dynamics, complex recurrent interactions, and plastic connectivity. This thesis develops theoretical approaches to tackle this complexity, using tools from physics, particularly dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), to analyze how connectivity structure shapes collective neuronal dynamics and computational functions in nonlinear recurrent neural networks.The chapters of this thesis are loosely organized around three themes. First, I investigate how connectivity structure determines the structure of collective neuronal activity, focusing particularly on activity dimensionality (roughly, the number of high-variance modes). In Chapter 2, I develop a two-site cavity DMFT to calculate cross-covariances in random neural networks, revealing that networks with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) couplings exhibit extensive but fractionally low activity dimensionality and long population-level timescales. Chapter 3 extends this analysis using complementary path-integral fluctuation methods to handle the case of structured (non-i.i.d.) connectivity. Specifically, I introduce the random-mode model, which parameterizes coupling matrices using random input and output modes and enables control over the spectrum. Features of this spectrum manifest as features of collective activity that I compute, and can be undetectable when analyzing only single-neuron activities. I derive a simple relation between the effective rank of connectivity and activity dimensionality, and show how structured overlaps between input and output modes-a feature of biological circuits, as demonstrated using the Drosophila connectome-influence collective dynamics. In Chapter 4, I analyze multiregion neural networks where low-rank connectivity between regions, motivated by experimental studies, enables selective activity routing. Using cross-region currents as order parameters, I show that regions act as both generators and transmitters of activity-roles that are often in tension-and that effective signal routing can be achieved by exciting different high-dimensional activity patterns through connectivity structure and nonlinear dynamics.Second, I examine attractor networks that represent continuous variables or discrete patterns through collective dynamics. Chapter 5 addresses the challenge of reconciling idealized theoretical models (namely, continuous attractors) with heterogeneous experimental data in the context of the rodent head-direction system. I use an optimization principle to construct recurrent networks that match actual mouse head-direction cell responses while exhibiting quasi-continuous-attractor dynamics. Developing and validating a statistical generative process for these responses allows for large-\uD835\uDC41 analysis of such data-derived networks. The connectivity matrix exhibits doublet degeneracy in its spectrum at large \uD835\uDC41, reflecting an underlying circular geometry embedded in a disorderly manner within neuronal space. Analysis through DMFT reveals that the system becomes equivalent to a classical ring-attractor model as \uD835\uDC41 → ∞, defined by circularly symmetric Mexican-hat interactions. This approach extends to higher-dimensional symmetries, including grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex. Chapter 6 challenges conventional interpretations of associative memory models for discrete patterns by analyzing dynamics beyond equilibrium. I derive DMFT equations for dense associative memory models, a generalization of Hopfield networks, and show that patterns can be transiently retrieved with high accuracy above the traditional capacity limit, where stable attractors have vanished, because slow regions persist near stored patterns as traces of former basins of attraction.Third, I explore plasticity and learning in neural networks. Chapter 7 studies networks where both neuronal units and synaptic couplings are dynamic variables, with couplings subject to Hebbian modification around quenched random strengths. This reveals a rich phase diagram. Hebbian plasticity can slow chaotic activity or induce chaos in quiescent networks, while anti-Hebbian plasticity quickens activity and produces an oscillatory component. Strong Hebbian plasticity segregates network timescales into two bands with a slow, synapse-dominated band driving the dynamics, suggesting a flipped view of the network as synapses connected by neurons. In chaotic states with strong Hebbian plasticity, I identify a phase of "freezable chaos" where stable fixed points of neuronal dynamics are continuously destabilized by synaptic dynamics, allowing any neuronal state to be stored as a stable fixed point by halting plasticity, thus offering a new working memory mechanism. Chapter 8 develops cavity methods for high-dimensional convex learning problems, providing unified analyses of perceptron classification of both points and manifolds, and kernel ridge regression by recognizing their shared bipartite structure. For perceptron-capacity problems, I identify a symmetry that allows derivation of correct capacities through a naive method. Finally, turning to deep learning, Chapter 9 explores biologically plausible alternatives to backpropagation, presenting "global error-vector broadcasting" and "vectorized nonnegative networks" in which globally broadcast signals enable effective, i.e., gradient-aligned, credit assignment.Overall, this thesis uses DMFT and other analytical and numerical tools-including random-matrix theory, iterative solution methods, and large-\uD835\uDC41 simulations-as well as some data analysis, to make progress on various questions surrounding the structure-function relationship in large, nonlinear recurrent neural circuits. In the Introduction, I outline various open questions, particularly the challenge of understanding how neural circuits implement inherently high-dimensional computations through recurrent dynamics. In the Conclusion, I speculate on where the future could take us.
일반주제명  
Neurosciences
일반주제명  
Statistical physics
일반주제명  
Cognitive psychology
키워드  
Dimensionality
키워드  
Dynamical mean-field theory
키워드  
Dynamical systems
키워드  
Neural circuits
키워드  
Recurrent neural networks
키워드  
Synaptic plasticity
기타저자  
Columbia University Neurobiology and Behavior
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-02B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aClark,  David  G.
■24510▼aTheories  of  Structure,  Dynamics,  and  Plasticity  in  Neural  Circuits
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bColumbia  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a437  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Abbott,  Larry  F.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Columbia  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aNeural  circuits  generate  cognition,  sensation,  and  behavior  through  the  coordinated  activity  of  many  interconnected  units.  Understanding  how  these  functions  emerge  dynamically  and  what  connectivity  structures  support  this  emergence  is  a  central  challenge  in  neuroscience.  This  challenge  is  compounded  by  neural  circuits'  essential  features:  large  numbers  of  components  (neurons),  nonlinear  dynamics,  complex  recurrent  interactions,  and  plastic  connectivity.  This  thesis  develops  theoretical  approaches  to  tackle  this  complexity,  using  tools  from  physics,  particularly  dynamical  mean-field  theory  (DMFT),  to  analyze  how  connectivity  structure  shapes  collective  neuronal  dynamics  and  computational  functions  in  nonlinear  recurrent  neural  networks.The  chapters  of  this  thesis  are  loosely  organized  around  three  themes.  First,  I  investigate  how  connectivity  structure  determines  the  structure  of  collective  neuronal  activity,  focusing  particularly  on  activity  dimensionality  (roughly,  the  number  of  high-variance  modes).  In  Chapter  2,  I  develop  a  two-site  cavity  DMFT  to  calculate  cross-covariances  in  random  neural  networks,  revealing  that  networks  with  independent  and  identically  distributed  (i.i.d.)  couplings  exhibit  extensive  but  fractionally  low  activity  dimensionality  and  long  population-level  timescales.  Chapter  3  extends  this  analysis  using  complementary  path-integral  fluctuation  methods  to  handle  the  case  of  structured  (non-i.i.d.)  connectivity.  Specifically,  I  introduce  the  random-mode  model,  which  parameterizes  coupling  matrices  using  random  input  and  output  modes  and  enables  control  over  the  spectrum.  Features  of  this  spectrum  manifest  as  features  of  collective  activity  that  I  compute,  and  can  be  undetectable  when  analyzing  only  single-neuron  activities.  I  derive  a  simple  relation  between  the  effective  rank  of  connectivity  and  activity  dimensionality,  and  show  how  structured  overlaps  between  input  and  output  modes-a  feature  of  biological  circuits,  as  demonstrated  using  the  Drosophila  connectome-influence  collective  dynamics.  In  Chapter  4,  I  analyze  multiregion  neural  networks  where  low-rank  connectivity  between  regions,  motivated  by  experimental  studies,  enables  selective  activity  routing.  Using  cross-region  currents  as  order  parameters,  I  show  that  regions  act  as  both  generators  and  transmitters  of  activity-roles  that  are  often  in  tension-and  that  effective  signal  routing  can  be  achieved  by  exciting  different  high-dimensional  activity  patterns  through  connectivity  structure  and  nonlinear  dynamics.Second,  I  examine  attractor  networks  that  represent  continuous  variables  or  discrete  patterns  through  collective  dynamics.  Chapter  5  addresses  the  challenge  of  reconciling  idealized  theoretical  models  (namely,  continuous  attractors)  with  heterogeneous  experimental  data  in  the  context  of  the  rodent  head-direction  system.  I  use  an  optimization  principle  to  construct  recurrent  networks  that  match  actual  mouse  head-direction  cell  responses  while  exhibiting  quasi-continuous-attractor  dynamics.  Developing  and  validating  a  statistical  generative  process  for  these  responses  allows  for  large-\uD835\uDC41  analysis  of  such  data-derived  networks.  The  connectivity  matrix  exhibits  doublet  degeneracy  in  its  spectrum  at  large  \uD835\uDC41,  reflecting  an  underlying  circular  geometry  embedded  in  a  disorderly  manner  within  neuronal  space.  Analysis  through  DMFT  reveals  that  the  system  becomes  equivalent  to  a  classical  ring-attractor  model  as  \uD835\uDC41  →  ∞,  defined  by  circularly  symmetric  Mexican-hat  interactions.  This  approach  extends  to  higher-dimensional  symmetries,  including  grid  cells  in  medial  entorhinal  cortex.  Chapter  6  challenges  conventional  interpretations  of  associative  memory  models  for  discrete  patterns  by  analyzing  dynamics  beyond  equilibrium.  I  derive  DMFT  equations  for  dense  associative  memory  models,  a  generalization  of  Hopfield  networks,  and  show  that  patterns  can  be  transiently  retrieved  with  high  accuracy  above  the  traditional  capacity  limit,  where  stable  attractors  have  vanished,  because  slow  regions  persist  near  stored  patterns  as  traces  of  former  basins  of  attraction.Third,  I  explore  plasticity  and  learning  in  neural  networks.  Chapter  7  studies  networks  where  both  neuronal  units  and  synaptic  couplings  are  dynamic  variables,  with  couplings  subject  to  Hebbian  modification  around  quenched  random  strengths.  This  reveals  a  rich  phase  diagram.  Hebbian  plasticity  can  slow  chaotic  activity  or  induce  chaos  in  quiescent  networks,  while  anti-Hebbian  plasticity  quickens  activity  and  produces  an  oscillatory  component.  Strong  Hebbian  plasticity  segregates  network  timescales  into  two  bands  with  a  slow,  synapse-dominated  band  driving  the  dynamics,  suggesting  a  flipped  view  of  the  network  as  synapses  connected  by  neurons.  In  chaotic  states  with  strong  Hebbian  plasticity,  I  identify  a  phase  of  "freezable  chaos"  where  stable  fixed  points  of  neuronal  dynamics  are  continuously  destabilized  by  synaptic  dynamics,  allowing  any  neuronal  state  to  be  stored  as  a  stable  fixed  point  by  halting  plasticity,  thus  offering  a  new  working  memory  mechanism.  Chapter  8  develops  cavity  methods  for  high-dimensional  convex  learning  problems,  providing  unified  analyses  of  perceptron  classification  of  both  points  and  manifolds,  and  kernel  ridge  regression  by  recognizing  their  shared  bipartite  structure.  For  perceptron-capacity  problems,  I  identify  a  symmetry  that  allows  derivation  of  correct  capacities  through  a  naive  method.  Finally,  turning  to  deep  learning,  Chapter  9  explores  biologically  plausible  alternatives  to  backpropagation,  presenting  "global  error-vector  broadcasting"  and  "vectorized  nonnegative  networks"  in  which  globally  broadcast  signals  enable  effective,  i.e.,  gradient-aligned,  credit  assignment.Overall,  this  thesis  uses  DMFT  and  other  analytical  and  numerical  tools-including  random-matrix  theory,  iterative  solution  methods,  and  large-\uD835\uDC41  simulations-as  well  as  some  data  analysis,  to  make  progress  on  various  questions  surrounding  the  structure-function  relationship  in  large,  nonlinear  recurrent  neural  circuits.  In  the  Introduction,  I  outline  various  open  questions,  particularly  the  challenge  of  understanding  how  neural  circuits  implement  inherently  high-dimensional  computations  through  recurrent  dynamics.  In  the  Conclusion,  I  speculate  on  where  the  future  could  take  us.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0054.
■650  4▼aNeurosciences
■650  4▼aStatistical  physics
■650  4▼aCognitive  psychology
■653    ▼aDimensionality
■653    ▼aDynamical  mean-field  theory
■653    ▼aDynamical  systems
■653    ▼aNeural  circuits
■653    ▼aRecurrent  neural  networks
■653    ▼aSynaptic  plasticity
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0217
■690    ▼a0633
■71020▼aColumbia  University▼bNeurobiology  and  Behavior.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-02B.
■790    ▼a0054
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359114▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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