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Type-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Type-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis...
Type-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104845
ISBN  
9798297601055
DDC  
574
저자명  
Smith, Samantha.
서명/저자  
Type-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
발행사항  
[Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
79 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Drubin, David G.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약Endocytic pathways are critical for normal cell physiology and human health as they modulate signaling receptor levels, capture nutrients from the environment, and serve as portals for pathogen entry into cells. Because endocytosis plays such a pivotal role in cell homeostasis, understanding the spatiotemporal regulation of the various endocytic pathways is crucial. The most well-characterized constitutively active endocytic pathway is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). For cargo to be internalized through endocytosis, the plasma membrane must bend to make an invagination. The force to bend the plasma membrane (PM) is predominantly provided by membrane curvature-generating proteins and actin filament polymerization, which overcome forces from hydrostatic pressure and adhesion of the PM to the underlying cytoskeleton. Importantly, because PM tension can vary considerably, cells must have an adaptive mechanism to ensure that endocytosis remains robust over a range of membrane tensions.In Chapter 1, we use a combination of live cell imaging and super-resolution microscopy of genome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to determine the role of type-I myosin, Myosin1E (Myo1E), during CME. Using an unbiased single particle tracking approach, we characterized the native protein dynamics of endogenously tagged Myo1E and showed that Myo1E localizes asymmetrically at CME sites. Additionally, while loss of Myo1E does not result in gross endocytic defects, it does influence branched actin filament dynamics and localization at clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Interestingly, Myo1E-positive sites show less spatial displacement and have longer lifetimes than Myo1E-negative sites. Most notably, Myo1E robustly responds to increases in membrane tension increases resulting from mechanical and chemical perturbations by increasing its localization to CCPs. Loss of Myo1E results in decreased branched actin filament recruitment at the highest membrane tension regime. These results suggest that Myo1E serves a highly specialized role at CCPs, potentially to rescue frustrated sites, in order to promote branched actin filament assembly for increased production required to internalize CCPs.The second chapter investigates Myo1E dynamics in an alternate endocytic pathway, termed fast-endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME). FEME is responsible for the internalization of transmembrane proteins, such as EGFR and VEGFR, and is co-opted by Shigella and Cholera pathogens. FEME is not constitutively active but does require branched actin filament assembly to facilitate internalization. Using hiPSCs genome-edited with fluorescent markers of FEME, we characterized native endophilinA2 dynamics under normal and starved conditions. Most importantly, our work is the first to place Myo1E at FEME sites. Additionally, Myo1E recruitment to FEME sites increases under increasing hypotonic shock conditions. The results from this study demonstrate that Myo1E participates in endocytic pathways in addition to CME and responds to increasing membrane tension in order to promote successful endocytosis.One of the biggest advantages of the first two studies was the use of genome-edited cells to study endocytosis, allowing us to analyze protein dynamics at endogenous protein expression levels. It has been well documented that overexpression of proteins results in artifacts, such as aberrant cell morphology and protein dynamics, which makes it more challenging to draw conclusions from quantitative results. In chapter 3, we employ a chemical fusogen to quickly generate novel combinations of multi-colored, genome-edited cell lines. Endocytosis is particularly sensitive to over-expression methods, so we used well-characterized genome-edited cell lines to survey how cell fusion influences CME dynamics. We found that the dynamics observed in the cell fusion lines more closely followed those observed in traditionally edited, multi-colored CME cell lines compared to cells over-expressing CME markers. Interestingly, these fused cells could be clonally expanded to generate stable cell lines. We implemented this approach to quickly screen for novel protein-organelle interactions using a query cell line with a collection of cell lines genome-edited with organelle markers. We found that canonical endocytic markers co-localize with lysosomes, and we were able to measure dynamics of these proteins using super-resolution live-cell microscopy. Using this technique, we demonstrated that cell fusion can be a powerful tool to rapidly generate multi-colored cell lines to address questions related to protein localization and dynamics.
일반주제명  
Cellular biology
일반주제명  
Biology
일반주제명  
Molecular biology
키워드  
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
키워드  
Endocytic pathways
키워드  
Plasma membrane
키워드  
Clathrin-coated pits
기타저자  
University of California, Berkeley Molecular & Cell Biology
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aSmith,  Samantha.
■24510▼aType-I  Myosin  Responds  to  Changes  in  Membrane  Tension  During  Clathrin-Mediated  Endocytosis  in  Human  Induced  Pluripotent  Stem  Cells
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a79  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Drubin,  David  G.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2025.
■520    ▼aEndocytic  pathways  are  critical  for  normal  cell  physiology  and  human  health  as  they  modulate  signaling  receptor  levels,  capture  nutrients  from  the  environment,  and  serve  as  portals  for  pathogen  entry  into  cells.  Because  endocytosis  plays  such  a  pivotal  role  in  cell  homeostasis,  understanding  the  spatiotemporal  regulation  of  the  various  endocytic  pathways  is  crucial.  The  most  well-characterized  constitutively  active  endocytic  pathway  is  clathrin-mediated  endocytosis  (CME).  For  cargo  to  be  internalized  through  endocytosis,  the  plasma  membrane  must  bend  to  make  an  invagination.  The  force  to  bend  the  plasma  membrane  (PM)  is  predominantly  provided  by  membrane  curvature-generating  proteins  and  actin  filament  polymerization,  which  overcome  forces  from  hydrostatic  pressure  and  adhesion  of  the  PM  to  the  underlying  cytoskeleton.  Importantly,  because  PM  tension  can  vary  considerably,  cells  must  have  an  adaptive  mechanism  to  ensure  that  endocytosis  remains  robust  over  a  range  of  membrane  tensions.In  Chapter  1,  we  use  a  combination  of  live  cell  imaging  and  super-resolution  microscopy  of  genome-edited  human  induced  pluripotent  stem  cells  (hiPSCs)  to  determine  the  role  of  type-I  myosin,  Myosin1E  (Myo1E),  during  CME.  Using  an  unbiased  single  particle  tracking  approach,  we  characterized  the  native  protein  dynamics  of  endogenously  tagged  Myo1E  and  showed  that  Myo1E  localizes  asymmetrically  at  CME  sites.  Additionally,  while  loss  of  Myo1E  does  not  result  in  gross  endocytic  defects,  it  does  influence  branched  actin  filament  dynamics  and  localization  at  clathrin-coated  pits  (CCPs).  Interestingly,  Myo1E-positive  sites  show  less  spatial  displacement  and  have  longer  lifetimes  than  Myo1E-negative  sites.  Most  notably,  Myo1E  robustly  responds  to  increases  in  membrane  tension  increases  resulting  from  mechanical  and  chemical  perturbations  by  increasing  its  localization  to  CCPs.  Loss  of  Myo1E  results  in  decreased  branched  actin  filament  recruitment  at  the  highest  membrane  tension  regime.  These  results  suggest  that  Myo1E  serves  a  highly  specialized  role  at  CCPs,  potentially  to  rescue  frustrated  sites,  in  order  to  promote  branched  actin  filament  assembly  for  increased  production  required  to  internalize  CCPs.The  second  chapter  investigates  Myo1E  dynamics  in  an  alternate  endocytic  pathway,  termed  fast-endophilin-mediated  endocytosis  (FEME).  FEME  is  responsible  for  the  internalization  of  transmembrane  proteins,  such  as  EGFR  and  VEGFR,  and  is  co-opted  by  Shigella  and  Cholera  pathogens.  FEME  is  not  constitutively  active  but  does  require  branched  actin  filament  assembly  to  facilitate  internalization.  Using  hiPSCs  genome-edited  with  fluorescent  markers  of  FEME,  we  characterized  native  endophilinA2  dynamics  under  normal  and  starved  conditions.  Most  importantly,  our  work  is  the  first  to  place  Myo1E  at  FEME  sites.  Additionally,  Myo1E  recruitment  to  FEME  sites  increases  under  increasing  hypotonic  shock  conditions.  The  results  from  this  study  demonstrate  that  Myo1E  participates  in  endocytic  pathways  in  addition  to  CME  and  responds  to  increasing  membrane  tension  in  order  to  promote  successful  endocytosis.One  of  the  biggest  advantages  of  the  first  two  studies  was  the  use  of  genome-edited  cells  to  study  endocytosis,  allowing  us  to  analyze  protein  dynamics  at  endogenous  protein  expression  levels.  It  has  been  well  documented  that  overexpression  of  proteins  results  in  artifacts,  such  as  aberrant  cell  morphology  and  protein  dynamics,  which  makes  it  more  challenging  to  draw  conclusions  from  quantitative  results.  In  chapter  3,  we  employ  a  chemical  fusogen  to  quickly  generate  novel  combinations  of  multi-colored,  genome-edited  cell  lines.  Endocytosis  is  particularly  sensitive  to  over-expression  methods,  so  we  used  well-characterized  genome-edited  cell  lines  to  survey  how  cell  fusion  influences  CME  dynamics.  We  found  that  the  dynamics  observed  in  the  cell  fusion  lines  more  closely  followed  those  observed  in  traditionally  edited,  multi-colored  CME  cell  lines  compared  to  cells  over-expressing  CME  markers.  Interestingly,  these  fused  cells  could  be  clonally  expanded  to  generate  stable  cell  lines.  We  implemented  this  approach  to  quickly  screen  for  novel  protein-organelle  interactions  using  a  query  cell  line  with  a  collection  of  cell  lines  genome-edited  with  organelle  markers.  We  found  that  canonical  endocytic  markers  co-localize  with  lysosomes,  and  we  were  able  to  measure  dynamics  of  these  proteins  using  super-resolution  live-cell  microscopy.  Using  this  technique,  we  demonstrated  that  cell  fusion  can  be  a  powerful  tool  to  rapidly  generate  multi-colored  cell  lines  to  address  questions  related  to  protein  localization  and  dynamics.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aCellular  biology
■650  4▼aBiology
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology
■653    ▼aClathrin-mediated  endocytosis
■653    ▼aEndocytic  pathways
■653    ▼aPlasma  membrane
■653    ▼aClathrin-coated  pits
■690    ▼a0379
■690    ▼a0306
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bMolecular  &  Cell  Biology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359174▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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