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Type-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Type-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Detailed Information
- 자료유형
- 학위논문 서양
- 최종처리일시
- 20260202104845
- ISBN
- 9798297601055
- DDC
- 574
- 저자명
- Smith, Samantha.
- 서명/저자
- Type-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- 발행사항
- [Sl] : University of California, Berkeley, 2025
- 발행사항
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
- 형태사항
- 79 p
- 주기사항
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
- 주기사항
- Advisor: Drubin, David G.
- 학위논문주기
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
- 초록/해제
- 요약Endocytic pathways are critical for normal cell physiology and human health as they modulate signaling receptor levels, capture nutrients from the environment, and serve as portals for pathogen entry into cells. Because endocytosis plays such a pivotal role in cell homeostasis, understanding the spatiotemporal regulation of the various endocytic pathways is crucial. The most well-characterized constitutively active endocytic pathway is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). For cargo to be internalized through endocytosis, the plasma membrane must bend to make an invagination. The force to bend the plasma membrane (PM) is predominantly provided by membrane curvature-generating proteins and actin filament polymerization, which overcome forces from hydrostatic pressure and adhesion of the PM to the underlying cytoskeleton. Importantly, because PM tension can vary considerably, cells must have an adaptive mechanism to ensure that endocytosis remains robust over a range of membrane tensions.In Chapter 1, we use a combination of live cell imaging and super-resolution microscopy of genome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to determine the role of type-I myosin, Myosin1E (Myo1E), during CME. Using an unbiased single particle tracking approach, we characterized the native protein dynamics of endogenously tagged Myo1E and showed that Myo1E localizes asymmetrically at CME sites. Additionally, while loss of Myo1E does not result in gross endocytic defects, it does influence branched actin filament dynamics and localization at clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Interestingly, Myo1E-positive sites show less spatial displacement and have longer lifetimes than Myo1E-negative sites. Most notably, Myo1E robustly responds to increases in membrane tension increases resulting from mechanical and chemical perturbations by increasing its localization to CCPs. Loss of Myo1E results in decreased branched actin filament recruitment at the highest membrane tension regime. These results suggest that Myo1E serves a highly specialized role at CCPs, potentially to rescue frustrated sites, in order to promote branched actin filament assembly for increased production required to internalize CCPs.The second chapter investigates Myo1E dynamics in an alternate endocytic pathway, termed fast-endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME). FEME is responsible for the internalization of transmembrane proteins, such as EGFR and VEGFR, and is co-opted by Shigella and Cholera pathogens. FEME is not constitutively active but does require branched actin filament assembly to facilitate internalization. Using hiPSCs genome-edited with fluorescent markers of FEME, we characterized native endophilinA2 dynamics under normal and starved conditions. Most importantly, our work is the first to place Myo1E at FEME sites. Additionally, Myo1E recruitment to FEME sites increases under increasing hypotonic shock conditions. The results from this study demonstrate that Myo1E participates in endocytic pathways in addition to CME and responds to increasing membrane tension in order to promote successful endocytosis.One of the biggest advantages of the first two studies was the use of genome-edited cells to study endocytosis, allowing us to analyze protein dynamics at endogenous protein expression levels. It has been well documented that overexpression of proteins results in artifacts, such as aberrant cell morphology and protein dynamics, which makes it more challenging to draw conclusions from quantitative results. In chapter 3, we employ a chemical fusogen to quickly generate novel combinations of multi-colored, genome-edited cell lines. Endocytosis is particularly sensitive to over-expression methods, so we used well-characterized genome-edited cell lines to survey how cell fusion influences CME dynamics. We found that the dynamics observed in the cell fusion lines more closely followed those observed in traditionally edited, multi-colored CME cell lines compared to cells over-expressing CME markers. Interestingly, these fused cells could be clonally expanded to generate stable cell lines. We implemented this approach to quickly screen for novel protein-organelle interactions using a query cell line with a collection of cell lines genome-edited with organelle markers. We found that canonical endocytic markers co-localize with lysosomes, and we were able to measure dynamics of these proteins using super-resolution live-cell microscopy. Using this technique, we demonstrated that cell fusion can be a powerful tool to rapidly generate multi-colored cell lines to address questions related to protein localization and dynamics.
- 일반주제명
- Cellular biology
- 일반주제명
- Biology
- 일반주제명
- Molecular biology
- 키워드
- Plasma membrane
- 기타저자
- University of California, Berkeley Molecular & Cell Biology
- 기본자료저록
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
- 전자적 위치 및 접속
- 로그인 후 원문을 볼 수 있습니다.
MARC
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■020 ▼a9798297601055
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a574
■1001 ▼aSmith, Samantha.
■24510▼aType-I Myosin Responds to Changes in Membrane Tension During Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
■260 ▼a[Sl]▼bUniversity of California, Berkeley▼c2025
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2025
■300 ▼a79 p
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Drubin, David G.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2025.
■520 ▼aEndocytic pathways are critical for normal cell physiology and human health as they modulate signaling receptor levels, capture nutrients from the environment, and serve as portals for pathogen entry into cells. Because endocytosis plays such a pivotal role in cell homeostasis, understanding the spatiotemporal regulation of the various endocytic pathways is crucial. The most well-characterized constitutively active endocytic pathway is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). For cargo to be internalized through endocytosis, the plasma membrane must bend to make an invagination. The force to bend the plasma membrane (PM) is predominantly provided by membrane curvature-generating proteins and actin filament polymerization, which overcome forces from hydrostatic pressure and adhesion of the PM to the underlying cytoskeleton. Importantly, because PM tension can vary considerably, cells must have an adaptive mechanism to ensure that endocytosis remains robust over a range of membrane tensions.In Chapter 1, we use a combination of live cell imaging and super-resolution microscopy of genome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to determine the role of type-I myosin, Myosin1E (Myo1E), during CME. Using an unbiased single particle tracking approach, we characterized the native protein dynamics of endogenously tagged Myo1E and showed that Myo1E localizes asymmetrically at CME sites. Additionally, while loss of Myo1E does not result in gross endocytic defects, it does influence branched actin filament dynamics and localization at clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Interestingly, Myo1E-positive sites show less spatial displacement and have longer lifetimes than Myo1E-negative sites. Most notably, Myo1E robustly responds to increases in membrane tension increases resulting from mechanical and chemical perturbations by increasing its localization to CCPs. Loss of Myo1E results in decreased branched actin filament recruitment at the highest membrane tension regime. These results suggest that Myo1E serves a highly specialized role at CCPs, potentially to rescue frustrated sites, in order to promote branched actin filament assembly for increased production required to internalize CCPs.The second chapter investigates Myo1E dynamics in an alternate endocytic pathway, termed fast-endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME). FEME is responsible for the internalization of transmembrane proteins, such as EGFR and VEGFR, and is co-opted by Shigella and Cholera pathogens. FEME is not constitutively active but does require branched actin filament assembly to facilitate internalization. Using hiPSCs genome-edited with fluorescent markers of FEME, we characterized native endophilinA2 dynamics under normal and starved conditions. Most importantly, our work is the first to place Myo1E at FEME sites. Additionally, Myo1E recruitment to FEME sites increases under increasing hypotonic shock conditions. The results from this study demonstrate that Myo1E participates in endocytic pathways in addition to CME and responds to increasing membrane tension in order to promote successful endocytosis.One of the biggest advantages of the first two studies was the use of genome-edited cells to study endocytosis, allowing us to analyze protein dynamics at endogenous protein expression levels. It has been well documented that overexpression of proteins results in artifacts, such as aberrant cell morphology and protein dynamics, which makes it more challenging to draw conclusions from quantitative results. In chapter 3, we employ a chemical fusogen to quickly generate novel combinations of multi-colored, genome-edited cell lines. Endocytosis is particularly sensitive to over-expression methods, so we used well-characterized genome-edited cell lines to survey how cell fusion influences CME dynamics. We found that the dynamics observed in the cell fusion lines more closely followed those observed in traditionally edited, multi-colored CME cell lines compared to cells over-expressing CME markers. Interestingly, these fused cells could be clonally expanded to generate stable cell lines. We implemented this approach to quickly screen for novel protein-organelle interactions using a query cell line with a collection of cell lines genome-edited with organelle markers. We found that canonical endocytic markers co-localize with lysosomes, and we were able to measure dynamics of these proteins using super-resolution live-cell microscopy. Using this technique, we demonstrated that cell fusion can be a powerful tool to rapidly generate multi-colored cell lines to address questions related to protein localization and dynamics.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0028.
■650 4▼aCellular biology
■650 4▼aBiology
■650 4▼aMolecular biology
■653 ▼aClathrin-mediated endocytosis
■653 ▼aEndocytic pathways
■653 ▼aPlasma membrane
■653 ▼aClathrin-coated pits
■690 ▼a0379
■690 ▼a0306
■690 ▼a0307
■71020▼aUniversity of California, Berkeley▼bMolecular & Cell Biology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g87-04B.
■790 ▼a0028
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2025
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17359174▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
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