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Approaches to Investigating Differences in MRNA Translational Machinery Across Cell Types and Subcellular Compartments
Approaches to Investigating Differences in MRNA Translational Machinery Across Cell Types ...
Approaches to Investigating Differences in MRNA Translational Machinery Across Cell Types and Subcellular Compartments

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104739
ISBN  
9798290651767
DDC  
612
저자명  
Xu, Adele Francis.
서명/저자  
Approaches to Investigating Differences in MRNA Translational Machinery Across Cell Types and Subcellular Compartments
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
236 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Includes supplementary digital materials.
주기사항  
Advisor: Barna, Maria.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약The complexity of mRNA translational machinery is commensurate with the magnitude and diversity of the tasks it performs in order to safely and effectively express all protein-coding genes. This dissertation consists of two projects, each of which takes a different approach to characterizing the ribosome and other associated components of translational machinery. In Chapter 1, I provide context for these works by describing the extensive set of demands that translational machinery must fulfill, particularly in highly compartmentalized eukaryotic cells and across differentiated cell types in metazoan organisms. I also review the major known ways in which translational machinery composition varies across different biological settings, which offer a glimpse into how this machinery executes its many diverse tasks. I then examine the experimental challenges of studying translation. In Chapter 2, I explore a case study of two paralogous genes that encode similar versions of a ribosomal protein. These paralogs are conserved among vertebrates and exhibit cell type-dependent expression. To investigate why this gene duplication has been evolutionarily retained, I employ a paralog homogenization strategy by generating mouse models in which each paralog's encoded protein has been exchanged for the other. I conclude that the two paralogs encode functionally interchangeable proteins and have been evolutionarily preserved mainly through subfunctionalization of gene expression. In Chapter 3, I describe the development of a novel strategy for isolating translational machinery from subcellular compartments that is compatible with mammalian cell culture, and I present data from the initial applications of this tool towards comparing translational machinery composition and ribosome-bound mRNA between organelles. Lastly, I conclude in Chapter 4 with broader reflections on these two projects and a perspective on extending this work in the future.
일반주제명  
Physiology
일반주제명  
Cytoplasm
일반주제명  
Ribonucleic acid--RNA
일반주제명  
Biosynthesis
일반주제명  
Amino acids
일반주제명  
Mitochondria
일반주제명  
Genomes
일반주제명  
Metabolism
일반주제명  
Yeast
일반주제명  
Visualization
일반주제명  
Cell cycle
일반주제명  
Cell culture
일반주제명  
Protein synthesis
일반주제명  
Mass spectrometry
일반주제명  
CRISPR
일반주제명  
Gene expression
일반주제명  
Microscopy
일반주제명  
Alibi
일반주제명  
Stem cells
일반주제명  
Postpartum period
일반주제명  
Hydrogels
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aXu,  Adele  Francis.
■24510▼aApproaches  to  Investigating  Differences  in  MRNA  Translational  Machinery  Across  Cell  Types  and  Subcellular  Compartments
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a236  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aIncludes  supplementary  digital  materials.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Barna,  Maria.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThe  complexity  of  mRNA  translational  machinery  is  commensurate  with  the  magnitude  and  diversity  of  the  tasks  it  performs  in  order  to  safely  and  effectively  express  all  protein-coding  genes.  This  dissertation  consists  of  two  projects,  each  of  which  takes  a  different  approach  to  characterizing  the  ribosome  and  other  associated  components  of  translational  machinery.  In  Chapter  1,  I  provide  context  for  these  works  by  describing  the  extensive  set  of  demands  that  translational  machinery  must  fulfill,  particularly  in  highly  compartmentalized  eukaryotic  cells  and  across  differentiated  cell  types  in  metazoan  organisms.  I  also  review  the  major  known  ways  in  which  translational  machinery  composition  varies  across  different  biological  settings,  which  offer  a  glimpse  into  how  this  machinery  executes  its  many  diverse  tasks.  I  then  examine  the  experimental  challenges  of  studying  translation.  In  Chapter  2,  I  explore  a  case  study  of  two  paralogous  genes  that  encode  similar  versions  of  a  ribosomal  protein.  These  paralogs  are  conserved  among  vertebrates  and  exhibit  cell  type-dependent  expression.  To  investigate  why  this  gene  duplication  has  been  evolutionarily  retained,  I  employ  a  paralog  homogenization  strategy  by  generating  mouse  models  in  which  each  paralog's  encoded  protein  has  been  exchanged  for  the  other.  I  conclude  that  the  two  paralogs  encode  functionally  interchangeable  proteins  and  have  been  evolutionarily  preserved  mainly  through  subfunctionalization  of  gene  expression.  In  Chapter  3,  I  describe  the  development  of  a  novel  strategy  for  isolating  translational  machinery  from  subcellular  compartments  that  is  compatible  with  mammalian  cell  culture,  and  I  present  data  from  the  initial  applications  of  this  tool  towards  comparing  translational  machinery  composition  and  ribosome-bound  mRNA  between  organelles.  Lastly,  I  conclude  in  Chapter  4  with  broader  reflections  on  these  two  projects  and  a  perspective  on  extending  this  work  in  the  future.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aPhysiology
■650  4▼aCytoplasm
■650  4▼aRibonucleic  acid--RNA
■650  4▼aBiosynthesis
■650  4▼aAmino  acids
■650  4▼aMitochondria
■650  4▼aGenomes
■650  4▼aMetabolism
■650  4▼aYeast
■650  4▼aVisualization
■650  4▼aCell  cycle
■650  4▼aCell  culture
■650  4▼aProtein  synthesis
■650  4▼aMass  spectrometry
■650  4▼aCRISPR
■650  4▼aGene  expression
■650  4▼aMicroscopy
■650  4▼aAlibi
■650  4▼aStem  cells
■650  4▼aPostpartum  period
■650  4▼aHydrogels
■690    ▼a0719
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358702▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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