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Anthropogenic Impacts on Predator-prey Interactions in Coastal Marine Ecosystems
Anthropogenic Impacts on Predator-prey Interactions in Coastal Marine Ecosystems
Anthropogenic Impacts on Predator-prey Interactions in Coastal Marine Ecosystems

상세정보

자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202104741
ISBN  
9798290650487
DDC  
660
저자명  
Goodman, Maurice Codespoti.
서명/저자  
Anthropogenic Impacts on Predator-prey Interactions in Coastal Marine Ecosystems
발행사항  
[Sl] : Stanford University, 2024
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
형태사항  
213 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-01, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: de Leo, Giulio.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
초록/해제  
요약Coastal marine ecosystems support the livelihoods, nutrition, and cultural identities of millions of people, yet these ecosystems are also among the most heavily impacted by human activities, including through fishing and climate change. Population collapses and regime shifts have become ubiquitous in marine ecosystems in the last century, owing both to overexploitation and, more recently, marine heatwaves and extreme events. While the directional impacts of disturbance on marine species are well studied, the mechanisms through which disturbance propagate through food webs, and the potential future impacts of climate change on the dynamics of ecosystems remain poorly understood. The responses of marine ecosystems to disturbance are mediated by predator-prey interactions as determined by the characteristics of those interactions, such as their number, strength, and spatiotemporal variability. In this dissertation, I examine the role of anthropogenic stressors in altering interactions among predators and prey. In the first chapter, I assess the past and potential future impacts of climate change on the spatial distributions of marine fishes and crabs in the Eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Results from this project suggest the potential for widespread reorganization of the ecological communities in the EBS across space at rates faster than previously anticipated. In the second, I assess the degree to which anticipated changes in species distributions may propagate into changes in the spatial overlap among predators and prey. As predators are anticipated to move faster in response to climate change than their prey, I find increases in spatial overlap among most predator-prey pairs, suggesting the potential for climate-driven range shifts to increase the vulnerability of ecologically and economically important prey species to their predators in the EBS. In the third chapter, I jointly assess past changes in species distributions and predator-prey interaction strength in the EBS in order to assess the extent to which future changes in spatial overlap among predators and prey are likely to alter predator-prey interactions, and to characterize the conditions under which changes in species distributions are likely to have predictable ecological consequences. I find that spatial overlap serves as a good proxy for predation for predators whose diets suggest they are relatively specialized towards their prey, yet there is almost no association between overlap and predation for more generalist predators. In my fourth chapter, I switch ecosystems to focus on the dynamics of another predator-prey system - that between grey reef sharks and a small-scale central Pacific shark fishery. I show that, within the span of a couple decades, increases in market demand reshaped the nature of the fishery and may have led to the collapse of the local reef shark population. Together, these studies suggest that anthropogenic disturbance is likely to reshape interactions among predators and prey in marine ecosystems. While these studies suggest that changes in species interactions and their downstream consequences can be difficult to forecast and adapt to, they also reveal conditions under which some of these changes may be considered predictable and their effects integrable in marine resource management and conservation.
일반주제명  
Cold
일반주제명  
Software
일반주제명  
Climate change
일반주제명  
Predation
기타저자  
Stanford University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-01B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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MARC

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■1001  ▼aGoodman,  Maurice  Codespoti.
■24510▼aAnthropogenic  Impacts  on  Predator-prey  Interactions  in  Coastal  Marine  Ecosystems
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bStanford  University▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a213  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-01,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  de  Leo,  Giulio.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aCoastal  marine  ecosystems  support  the  livelihoods,  nutrition,  and  cultural  identities  of  millions  of  people,  yet  these  ecosystems  are  also  among  the  most  heavily  impacted  by  human  activities,  including  through  fishing  and  climate  change.  Population  collapses  and  regime  shifts  have  become  ubiquitous  in  marine  ecosystems  in  the  last  century,  owing  both  to  overexploitation  and,  more  recently,  marine  heatwaves  and  extreme  events.  While  the  directional  impacts  of  disturbance  on  marine  species  are  well  studied,  the  mechanisms  through  which  disturbance  propagate  through  food  webs,  and  the  potential  future  impacts  of  climate  change  on  the  dynamics  of  ecosystems  remain  poorly  understood.  The  responses  of  marine  ecosystems  to  disturbance  are  mediated  by  predator-prey  interactions  as  determined  by  the  characteristics  of  those  interactions,  such  as  their  number,  strength,  and  spatiotemporal  variability.  In  this  dissertation,  I  examine  the  role  of  anthropogenic  stressors  in  altering  interactions  among  predators  and  prey.  In  the  first  chapter,  I  assess  the  past  and  potential  future  impacts  of  climate  change  on  the  spatial  distributions  of  marine  fishes  and  crabs  in  the  Eastern  Bering  Sea  (EBS).  Results  from  this  project  suggest  the  potential  for  widespread  reorganization  of  the  ecological  communities  in  the  EBS  across  space  at  rates  faster  than  previously  anticipated.  In  the  second,  I  assess  the  degree  to  which  anticipated  changes  in  species  distributions  may  propagate  into  changes  in  the  spatial  overlap  among  predators  and  prey.  As  predators  are  anticipated  to  move  faster  in  response  to  climate  change  than  their  prey,  I  find  increases  in  spatial  overlap  among  most  predator-prey  pairs,  suggesting  the  potential  for  climate-driven  range  shifts  to  increase  the  vulnerability  of  ecologically  and  economically  important  prey  species  to  their  predators  in  the  EBS.  In  the  third  chapter,  I  jointly  assess  past  changes  in  species  distributions  and  predator-prey  interaction  strength  in  the  EBS  in  order  to  assess  the  extent  to  which  future  changes  in  spatial  overlap  among  predators  and  prey  are  likely  to  alter  predator-prey  interactions,  and  to  characterize  the  conditions  under  which  changes  in  species  distributions  are  likely  to  have  predictable  ecological  consequences.  I  find  that  spatial  overlap  serves  as  a  good  proxy  for  predation  for  predators  whose  diets  suggest  they  are  relatively  specialized  towards  their  prey,  yet  there  is  almost  no  association  between  overlap  and  predation  for  more  generalist  predators.  In  my  fourth  chapter,  I  switch  ecosystems  to  focus  on  the  dynamics  of  another  predator-prey  system  -  that  between  grey  reef  sharks  and  a  small-scale  central  Pacific  shark  fishery.  I  show  that,  within  the  span  of  a  couple  decades,  increases  in  market  demand  reshaped  the  nature  of  the  fishery  and  may  have  led  to  the  collapse  of  the  local  reef  shark  population.  Together,  these  studies  suggest  that  anthropogenic  disturbance  is  likely  to  reshape  interactions  among  predators  and  prey  in  marine  ecosystems.  While  these  studies  suggest  that  changes  in  species  interactions  and  their  downstream  consequences  can  be  difficult  to  forecast  and  adapt  to,  they  also  reveal  conditions  under  which  some  of  these  changes  may  be  considered  predictable  and  their  effects  integrable  in  marine  resource  management  and  conservation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aCold
■650  4▼aSoftware
■650  4▼aClimate  change
■650  4▼aPredation
■690    ▼a0404
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-01B.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17358712▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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