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Stacked Rotor Design Variations for Acoustics and Performance
Stacked Rotor Design Variations for Acoustics and Performance
Stacked Rotor Design Variations for Acoustics and Performance

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자료유형  
 학위논문 서양
최종처리일시  
20260202105321
ISBN  
9798297665057
DDC  
620.004
저자명  
Zahirudin, Raja Akif Bin Raja.
서명/저자  
Stacked Rotor Design Variations for Acoustics and Performance
발행사항  
[Sl] : The Pennsylvania State University, 2025
발행사항  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2025
형태사항  
351 p
주기사항  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 87-04, Section: B.
주기사항  
Advisor: Palacios, Jose;Greenwood, Eric.
학위논문주기  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2025.
초록/해제  
요약This dissertation presents a systematic experimental investigation of the design variations of coaxial co-rotating (stacked) rotor systems and their effects on aerodynamic performance and acoustics in both hover and edgewise flow. The study utilized a custom-built, non-mechanically connected 2-rotor test platform called the Coaxial Acoustic Test System (CATS) at Penn State. It evaluates the effects of six primary design variables: rotor speed, azimuthal phase angle offset, axial separation distance, collective pitch angle, differential collective pitch settings, and edgewise flow conditions.Experiments were performed on two-bladed coaxial rotors with 9-inch blades operating at rotor speeds of 1500, 3500, and 4500 RPM (tip Mach number of 0.105, 0.244 and 0.314, respectively) and collective pitch angles ranging from 9.4 ◦ to 15◦ . Independent six-axis load cells and a 12-microphone array captured synchronized aerodynamic and acoustic data. Phase offsets from 0 ◦ to ±90◦ and axial separations from ∆Z/R = 0.2 to 1.10 were systematically studied.Hover results show that at ∆Z/R = 0.2, a phase offset of ∆ϕ = −20◦ reduced broadband noise by over 3 dB, while ±90◦ suppressed tonal noise. At small ∆Z/R, the coherent wake intensified interference and noise; at larger separations, wake diffusion reduced deterministic interactions. Heatmaps revealed that minimum noise shifted with ∆Z/R, consistent with evolving helical wake geometry.Three stacked coaxial co-rotating rotor configurations were compared against 2-bladed and 4-bladed co-planar rotors at matched total system thrust. All stacked rotor configurations demonstrated greater efficiency than the co-planar counterparts. The most efficient configuration using differential collective pitch with the lower blade pitched higher than the upper blade at matched thrust and a 20◦ phase offset, achieved 8.8% higher power loading than the 4-bladed co-planar case, while maintaining broadband noise levels within 1 dB of it.In edgewise flow, wake skew significantly disrupted the phase-dependent noise mitigation trends previously established in hover. Even at a moderate inflow speed, asymmetric blade loading altered both tonal and broadband spectral distributions, diminishing the effectiveness of phase angle control.
일반주제명  
Test systems
일반주제명  
Control algorithms
일반주제명  
Acoustics
일반주제명  
Aerodynamics
일반주제명  
Microphones
일반주제명  
Aerospace engineering
기타저자  
The Pennsylvania State University.
기본자료저록  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 87-04B.
전자적 위치 및 접속  
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 008260126s2025        us                              c    eng  d
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■00520260202105321
■006m          o    d                
■007cr#unu||||||||
■020    ▼a9798297665057
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI32289573
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)PennState23758ror5201
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a620.004
■1001  ▼aZahirudin,  Raja  Akif  Bin  Raja.
■24510▼aStacked  Rotor  Design  Variations  for  Acoustics  and  Performance
■260    ▼a[Sl]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University▼c2025
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2025
■300    ▼a351  p
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  87-04,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Palacios,  Jose;Greenwood,  Eric.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2025.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  presents  a  systematic  experimental  investigation  of  the  design  variations  of  coaxial  co-rotating  (stacked)  rotor  systems  and  their  effects  on  aerodynamic  performance  and  acoustics  in  both  hover  and  edgewise  flow.  The  study  utilized  a  custom-built,  non-mechanically  connected  2-rotor  test  platform  called  the  Coaxial  Acoustic  Test  System  (CATS)  at  Penn  State.  It  evaluates  the  effects  of  six  primary  design  variables:  rotor  speed,  azimuthal  phase  angle  offset,  axial  separation  distance,  collective  pitch  angle,  differential  collective  pitch  settings,  and  edgewise  flow  conditions.Experiments  were  performed  on  two-bladed  coaxial  rotors  with  9-inch  blades  operating  at  rotor  speeds  of  1500,  3500,  and  4500  RPM  (tip  Mach  number  of  0.105,  0.244  and  0.314,  respectively)  and  collective  pitch  angles  ranging  from  9.4  ◦  to  15◦  .  Independent  six-axis  load  cells  and  a  12-microphone  array  captured  synchronized  aerodynamic  and  acoustic  data.  Phase  offsets  from  0  ◦  to  ±90◦  and  axial  separations  from  ∆Z/R  =  0.2  to  1.10  were  systematically  studied.Hover  results  show  that  at  ∆Z/R    =  0.2,  a  phase  offset  of  ∆ϕ    =  −20◦  reduced  broadband  noise  by  over  3  dB,  while  ±90◦  suppressed  tonal  noise.  At  small  ∆Z/R,  the  coherent  wake  intensified  interference  and  noise;  at  larger  separations,  wake  diffusion  reduced  deterministic  interactions.  Heatmaps  revealed  that  minimum  noise  shifted  with  ∆Z/R,  consistent  with  evolving  helical  wake  geometry.Three  stacked  coaxial  co-rotating  rotor  configurations  were  compared  against  2-bladed  and  4-bladed  co-planar  rotors  at  matched  total  system  thrust.  All  stacked  rotor  configurations  demonstrated  greater  efficiency  than  the  co-planar  counterparts.  The  most  efficient  configuration  using  differential  collective  pitch  with  the  lower  blade  pitched  higher  than  the  upper  blade  at  matched  thrust  and  a  20◦  phase  offset,  achieved  8.8%  higher  power  loading  than  the  4-bladed  co-planar  case,  while  maintaining  broadband  noise  levels  within  1  dB  of  it.In  edgewise  flow,  wake  skew  significantly  disrupted  the  phase-dependent  noise  mitigation  trends  previously  established  in  hover.  Even  at  a  moderate  inflow  speed,  asymmetric  blade  loading  altered  both  tonal  and  broadband  spectral  distributions,  diminishing  the  effectiveness  of  phase  angle  control.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aTest  systems
■650  4▼aControl  algorithms
■650  4▼aAcoustics
■650  4▼aAerodynamics
■650  4▼aMicrophones
■650  4▼aAerospace  engineering
■690    ▼a0986
■690    ▼a0538
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g87-04B.
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2025
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17360204▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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